| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Borger, Linda, 1976, et al.
(author)
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How representative is the Swedish PISA sample? A comparison of PISA and register data
- 2024
-
In: EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY. - 1874-8597 .- 1874-8600.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PISA aims to serve as a "global yardstick" for educational success, as measured by student performance. For comparisons to be meaningful across countries or over time, PISA samples must be representative of the population of 15-year-old students in each country. Exclusions and non-response can undermine this representativeness and potentially bias estimates of student performance. Unfortunately, testing the representativeness of PISA samples is typically infeasible due to unknown population parameters. To address this issue, we integrate PISA 2018 data with comprehensive Swedish registry data, which includes all students in Sweden. Utilizing various achievement measures, we find that the Swedish PISA sample significantly overestimates the achievement levels in Sweden. The observed difference equates to standardized effect sizes ranging from d = .19 to .28, corresponding to approximately 25 points on the PISA scale or an additional year of schooling. The paper concludes with a plea for more rigorous quality standards and their strict enforcement.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bosch-Sijtsema, Petra, 1971, et al.
(author)
-
Kvalitet & Digitala Modeller: Integrerad kvalitetssäkring & automatiserade kvalitetskontroller i komplexa projekt
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det finns stora effekter att vinna med digitalisering och BIM kopplat till projekterings- och byggprocessen. Att enkelt kunna identifiera och kontrollera att krav är uppfyllda är av stor vikt i multidisciplinära bygg- och anläggningsprojekt som ofta är komplexa och har många osäkerheter. Här anses BIM vara användbart för att bland annat förbättra kvaliteten genom att eliminera konflikter och minska omarbetningen. En styrd, kvalitetssäkrad och effektiv hantering av information om anläggningen kan rätt hanterat bland annat lämna ett ökat utrymme för innovation. Detta projekt presenterar en kartläggning över hur kvalitetssäkringsprocessen och kvalitetskontrollen genomförs idag och testar möjliga kvalitetskontroller. Genom att få en tydlig bild av hur kvalitetskontroller genomförs ges en inblick i de öar av kvalitetssäkringsprocessen som är generiska och vilka moment som kan automatiseras, vilket underlättar för alla aktörer och frigör tid för teknisk lösningsorienterade arbetsuppgifter och utveckling. Syftet med forskningsprojektet har varit att utveckla och testa kvalitetskontroller för kravuppfyllnad och kvalitetssäkring samt beslutsfattande kopplat till användande av digitala modeller. Projektet har genomförs baserat på ett Design Science angreppssätt vilket tar sin utgångspunkt i att både tekniska och mänskliga aspekter kopplas till det problem som ska lösas. Projektet uppdelades i 7 arbetspaket och är ett samarbete mellan Trafikverket, Chalmers, Trimble, Norconsult och Sweco. Del 1 i rapporten är en kartläggning av nuvarande process för leveranser, kvalitetssäkring och kravhantering inom projekteringsfasen, både hos Trafikverket och leverantör. Kartläggningen ger insyn i möjliga förbättringar och effektiviseringsvinster inom kvalitetssäkringsprocessen. Sammanfattningsvis visar kartläggningen att det behövs ett större fokus på de olika aktiviteterna som ingår i kvalitetsarbetet inom projekt. Del 2 i rapporten lyfter upp flera goda exempel och best-practices när det gäller automatiska kvalitetskontroller inom husbyggnad och menar att samma koncept för automatiska kvalitetskontroller går att använda inom anläggningsbranschen. Det finns extremt stor potential med automatiserade kvalitetskontroller (visuella, regelbaserade, automatiska och maskinläsbara) inom anläggningsprojekt och detta projekt har visat att det faktiskt fungerar och att det går att börja implementera vissa kontroller för digitala anläggningsmodeller redan nu. Dessa kontroller sparar tid och möjliggör att kontrollerna verkligen blir utförda. Dessutom kan dessa automatiska kvalitetskontroller frigöra tid som istället kan användas för att ta fram bättre tekniska lösningar och utformningar för projektet. Del 3 i rapporten tar upp en diskussion om kvalitetssäkring och digitala och/eller automatiserade kontroller. Utifrån innehåll i rapporten samlas här också ett antal rekommendationer relaterade till organisation, process och teknik/produkt. Rapporten tar upp att man för automatiserad kontroll av kravuppfyllnad vid leverander behövs ett modellorienterat integrerat arbetssätt för kontroll av lösning, en implementerad process för kvalitetssäkring av produktleveranser, ett modellbaserat gränssnitt för hantering av synpunkter och ändringar och en succeessiv uppföljning av projekt med en tillgänglig realtidsuppdaterad digital modell.
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| 45. |
- Bossart, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Effects on weight loss and glycemic control with SAR441255, a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist
- 2022
-
In: Cell Metabolism. - : CELL PRESS. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 34:1, s. 59-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unimolecular triple incretins, combining the activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose -dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon (GCG), have demonstrated reduction in body weight and improved glucose control in rodent models. We developed SAR441255, a synthetic peptide agonist of the GLP-1, GCG, and GIP receptors, structurally based on the exendin-4 sequence. SAR441255 displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors. In animal models, metabolic outcomes were superior to results with a dual GLP-1/GCG receptor agonist. Preclinical in vivo positron emission tomography imaging demonstrated SAR441255 binding to GLP-1 and GCG receptors. In healthy subjects, SAR441255 improved glycemic control during a mixed-meal tolerance test and impacted biomarkers for GCG and GIP receptor activation. Single doses of SAR441255 were well tolerated. The results demonstrate that integrating GIP activity into dual GLP-1 and GCG receptor agonism provides improved effects on weight loss and glycemic control while buffering the diabetogenic risk of chronic GCG receptor agonism.
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| 46. |
- Bykova, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Novel Class of Rhenium Borides Based on Hexagonal Boron Networks Interconnected by Short B-2 Dumbbells
- 2022
-
In: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 34:18, s. 8138-8152
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition metal borides are known due to their attractive mechanical, electronic, refractive, and other properties. A new class of rhenium borides was identified by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells between 26 and 75 GPa. Recoverable to ambient conditions, compounds rhenium triboride (ReB3) and rhenium tetraboride (ReB4) consist of close-packed single layers of rhenium atoms alternating with boron networks built from puckered hexagonal layers, which link short bonded (similar to 1.7 angstrom) axially oriented B-2 dumbbells. The short and incompressible Re-B and B-B bonds oriented along the hexagonal c-axis contribute to low axial compressibility comparable with the linear compressibility of diamond. Sub-millimeter samples of ReB3 and ReB4 were synthesized in a large-volume press at pressures as low as 33 GPa and used for material characterization. Crystals of both compounds are metallic and hard (Vickers hardness, H-V = 34(3) GPa). Geometrical, crystal-chemical, and theoretical analysis considerations suggest that potential ReBx compounds with x > 4 can be based on the same principle of structural organization as in ReB3 and ReB4 and possess similar mechanical and electronic properties.
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| 47. |
- Carbone, Dina, et al.
(author)
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Design and performance of a dedicated coherent X-ray scanning diffraction instrument at beamline NanoMAX of MAX IV
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 876-887
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
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| 48. |
- Casely-Hayford, Jeffrey, et al.
(author)
-
The role of job demands and resources for teacher job satisfaction : insights from five European countries
- 2022. - 4
-
In: International Encyclopedia of Education. - : Elsevier. - 9780128186305 - 9780128186299 ; , s. 213-231
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a universal agreement that the quality of the education system depends on the quality of its teachers. In order for teachers to fully exercise their professional competence, it is essential that they enjoy a favorable work environment. There are numerous factors that have been related to teachers' job satisfaction—it has been linked to teacher health general well-being, commitment and retention, instructional quality, student well-being and an overall school effectiveness. However, in spite of the importance of teachers' working conditions and their job satisfaction, large variation exists across schools and across countries. Research on teacher job satisfaction and related school working conditions is abundant internationally with a focus on single-country studies, but increasingly, researchers adopt a comparative perspective. Our study investigates the relative importance of job demands and resources in the school work environment for teacher job satisfaction in five European countries. Their choice was motivated by recent research which ranked the countries participating in TALIS 2018 study in accordance with the levels of teacher job satisfaction. We use TALIS 2018 data from the country with the highest (Austria) and lowest (Malta) latent means on teacher job satisfaction scale, as well as countries situated in the upper, middle and lower parts of the distribution: Slovenia (9), Estonia (19) and Sweden (28). Even though the countries of interest are all situated in Europe, they represent quite diverse geographical regions as well as different socio-economic, political and cultural contexts. Hierarchical linear regression was the main method of analysis. Results reveal both similar and differing national patterns in the countries of interest. Overall, job demands demonstrated a more consistent pattern of the relationships with teacher job satisfaction across countries, while the associations between job resources and teacher job satisfaction were more varied. Policy implications for raising levels of teacher job satisfaction are discussed.
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| 49. |
- Casely-Hayford, J, et al.
(author)
-
The role of job demands and resources for teacher job satisfaction: insights from five European countries
- 2023
-
In: International Encyclopedia of Education (Fourth edition). - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780128186299
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a universal agreement that the quality of the education system depends on the quality of its teachers. In order for teachers to fully exercise their professional competence, it is essential that they enjoy a favorable work environment. There are numerous factors that have been related to teachers' job satisfaction—it has been linked to teacher health general well-being, commitment and retention, instructional quality, student well-being and an overall school effectiveness. However, in spite of the importance of teachers' working conditions and their job satisfaction, large variation exists across schools and across countries. Research on teacher job satisfaction and related school working conditions is abundant internationally with a focus on single-country studies, but increasingly, researchers adopt a comparative perspective. Our study investigates the relative importance of job demands and resources in the school work environment for teacher job satisfaction in five European countries. Their choice was motivated by recent research which ranked the countries participating in TALIS 2018 study in accordance with the levels of teacher job satisfaction. We use TALIS 2018 data from the country with the highest (Austria) and lowest (Malta) latent means on teacher job satisfaction scale, as well as countries situated in the upper, middle and lower parts of the distribution: Slovenia (9), Estonia (19) and Sweden (28). Even though the countries of interest are all situated in Europe, they represent quite diverse geographical regions as well as different socio-economic, political and cultural contexts. Hierarchical linear regression was the main method of analysis. Results reveal both similar and differing national patterns in the countries of interest. Overall, job demands demonstrated a more consistent pattern of the relationships with teacher job satisfaction across countries, while the associations between job resources and teacher job satisfaction were more varied. Policy implications for raising levels of teacher job satisfaction are discussed.
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| 50. |
- Chadwick, D., et al.
(author)
-
Digital inclusion and participation of people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19 : A rapid review and international bricolage
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - : Wiley. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 19:3, s. 242-256
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has meant a rapid transfer of everyday activities to the online world. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become more embedded than ever in people's lives. This investigation addresses how this change has affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). A two-step design was used. A rapid review was conducted on empirical studies published between January 2019 and June 2021. Search terms related to ID, ICT use and COVID-19. A qualitative international bricolage was also conducted corresponding to author nationalities. Data gathered from the review and bricolage were analysed separately using thematic analysis and relationally synthesised. Digital solutions to provide access to COVID-19 information and guidance seemed inadequate but were seldom empirically studied. Digital poverty, literacy and exclusion remain significant issues for people with ID internationally. People and their carers experienced reduced and removed service provision, loneliness and impoverished daily lives during the pandemic; amelioration of which was facilitated by digital solutions. One solution often used was videoconferencing. Prior experience of digital participation, adequate finances, connection, support and digital literacy mentoring for both people with ID and those providing services and support facilitated digital inclusion. Digital exclusion during COVID-19 was exacerbated by sociopolitical, structural, individual and support-related barriers. Although awareness of digital exclusion appears to have been raised, the extent to which this has led to action and change remains unclear. Despite digital exclusion and digital participation benefitting continuation of life, social and emotional well-being and autonomy, COVID-19 has not provided the impetus to eradicate digital poverty for people with ID. Governmental support, digital education, creativity and problem solving are required to enable people with ID the human right to be included in the digital world at this essential time and into the future.
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