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- Andersen, T V, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of exposure to infectious diseases and social contacts in early life and risk of brain tumours in children and adolescents: an International Case-Control Study (CEFALO).
- 2013
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Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 108, s. 2346-2353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Infectious diseases and social contacts in early life have been proposed to modulate brain tumour risk during late childhood and adolescence.Methods:CEFALO is an interview-based case-control study in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, including children and adolescents aged 7-19 years with primary intracranial brain tumours diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 and matched population controls.Results:The study included 352 cases (participation rate: 83%) and 646 controls (71%). There was no association with various measures of social contacts: daycare attendance, number of childhours at daycare, attending baby groups, birth order or living with other children.Cases of glioma and embryonal tumours had more frequent sick days with infections in the first 6 years of life compared with controls. In 7-19 year olds with 4+ monthly sick day, the respective odds ratios were 2.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.57-5.50) and 4.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.24-14.30).Interpretation:There was little support for the hypothesis that social contacts influence childhood and adolescent brain tumour risk. The association between reported sick days due to infections and risk of glioma and embryonal tumour may reflect involvement of immune functions, recall bias or inverse causality and deserve further attention.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication 7 May 2013; doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.201 www.bjcancer.com.
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- Bernhard, J., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating prognosis and palliation based on tumour marker CA 19-9 and quality of life indicators in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 103:9, s. 1318-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To investigate the prognostic value of quality of life (QOL) relative to tumour marker carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, and the role of CA 19-9 in estimating palliation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: CA 19-9 serum concentration was measured at baseline and every 3 weeks in a phase III trial (SAKK 44/00-CECOG/PAN.1.3.001). Patients scored QOL indicators at baseline, and before each administration of chemotherapy (weekly or bi-weekly) for 24 weeks or until progression. Prognostic factors were investigated by Cox models, QOL during chemotherapy by mixed-effect models. RESULTS: Patient-rated pain (P<0.02) and tiredness (P<0.03) were independent predictors for survival, although less prognostic than CA 19-9 (P<0.001). Baseline CA 19-9 did not predict QOL during chemotherapy, except for a marginal effect on pain (P<0.05). Mean changes in physical domains across the whole observation period were marginally correlated with the maximum CA 19-9 decrease. Patients in a better health status reported the most improvement in QOL within 20 days before maximum CA 19-9 decrease. They indicated substantially less pain and better physical well-being, already, early on during chemotherapy with a maximum CA 19-9 decrease of >= 50% vs <50%. CONCLUSION: In advanced pancreatic cancer, pain and tiredness are independent prognostic factors for survival, although less prognostic than CA 19-9. Quality of life improves before best CA 19-9 response but the maximum CA 19-9 decrease has no impact on subsequent QOL. To estimate palliation by chemotherapy, patient's perception needs to be taken into account.
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- Boman, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Membranous expression of podocalyxin-like protein is an independent factor of poor prognosis in urothelial bladder cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 108:11, s. 2321-2328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Membranous expression of the anti-adhesive glycoprotein podocalyxin-like (PODXL) has previously been found to correlate with poor prognosis in several major cancer forms. Here we examined the prognostic impact of PODXL expression in urothelial bladder cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemical PODXL expression was examined in tissue microarrays with tumours from two independent cohorts of patients with urothelial bladder cancer: n = 100 (Cohort I) and n = 343 (Cohort II). The impact of PODXL expression on disease-specific survival (DSS; Cohort II), 5-year overall survival (OS; both cohorts) and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS; Cohort II) was assessed. Results: Membranous PODXL expression was significantly associated with more advanced tumour (T) stage and high-grade tumours in both cohorts, and a significantly reduced 5-year OS (unadjusted HR = 2.25 in Cohort I and 3.10 in Cohort II, adjusted HR = 2.05 in Cohort I and 2.18 in Cohort II) and DSS (unadjusted HR = 4.36, adjusted HR = 2.70). In patients with Ta and T1 tumours, membranous PODXL expression was an independent predictor of a reduced 2-year PFS (unadjusted HR = 6.19, adjusted HR = 4.60) and DSS (unadjusted HR = 8.34, adjusted HR = 7.16). Conclusion: Membranous PODXL expression is an independent risk factor for progressive disease and death in patients with urothelial bladder cancer.
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- Brandt, A., et al.
(författare)
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Age of onset in familial breast cancer as background data for medical surveillance
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 102:1, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Familial breast cancers are known to be of early onset. This article provides differences in the age of onset of breast cancer and death by breast cancer between women with and without a family history. METHODS: The Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to estimate the cumulative risk of breast cancer and death by breast cancer according to family history with a stratified Cox model. Family history was defined separately for affected mother or sister considering their diagnostic ages. RESULTS: The age to reach the same cumulative incidence as women without family history decreased with decreasing diagnostic age of the affected relative. Women with a maternal history reached the risk of women lacking a family history at the age of 50 years between 12.3 (mother affected < 40 years) and 3.3 years (mother affected > 82 years) earlier. The trend for breast cancer mortality was essentially similar. CONCLUSIONS: Women with mother or sister affected by breast cancer are diagnosed and die at earlier ages than do women without family history. The differences depend on the diagnostic age of the affected relative. The present data may provide a rationale to derive recommendations for the starting age of screening in women with affected family members. British Journal of Cancer (2010) 102, 42-47. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605421 www.bjcancer.com Published online 10 November 2009 (C) 2010 Cancer Research UK
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- Bzhalava, Davit, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of second cancers after the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in Scandinavia.
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 104, s. 178-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumour of the skin that has been associated with a new tumour virus, the MCC polyomavirus.Methods:To investigate whether MCC may have a shared aetiology with other cancers, we investigated the risk of second cancers after the diagnosis of MCC using the national cancer registries in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.Results:The overall cancer incidence was increased among patients diagnosed with MCC compared with the general population in these countries (79 secondary cancers total, Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.72); 49 secondary cancer in females, SIR 1.7 (95% CI: 1.29-2.25); 30 secondary cancers in males and SIR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.73-1.5)). There were significantly increased incidence ratios for non-melanoma skin cancers (34 secondary cancers, SIR 8.35 (95% CI: 5.97-11.68)), melanoma of skin (6 secondary cancers, SIR 4.29 (95% CI: 1.93-9.56)) and laryngeal cancer (2 secondary cancers, SIR 9.51 (95% CI: 2.38-38)). The SIRs for these three cancer sites were also elevated on restricting the follow-up to cancers occurring at least one year after MCC diagnosis.Conclusions:Patients diagnosed with MCC are at increased risk of a second cancer, particularly, other skin cancers. Conceivable explanations include the impact of increased surveillance of the skin and shared causative factors, for example, ultraviolet light exposure or MCC polyomavirus infection.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 16 November 2010; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605989 www.bjcancer.com.
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- Cavalli-Björkman, Nina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Lower treatment intensity and poorer survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who live alone
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 107:1, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) and social support influences cancer survival. If SES and social support affects cancer treatment has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS: A cohort consisting of all patients who were initially diagnosed with or who developed metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC, n = 781) in three Scandinavian university hospitals from October 2003 to August 2006 was set up. Clinical and socioeconomic data were registered prospectively. RESULTS: Patients living alone more often had synchronous metastases at presentation and were less often treated with combination chemotherapy than those cohabitating (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.85, P = 0.03). Surgical removal of metastases was less common in patients living alone (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.10-0.86, P = 0.02) but more common among university-educated patients (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10-4.49, P = 0.02). Smoking, being married and having children did not influence treatment or survival. Median survival was 7.7 months in patients living alone and 11.7 months in patients living with someone (P < 0.001). Living alone remained a prognostic factor for survival after correction for age and comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Patients living alone received less combination chemotherapy and less secondary surgery. Living alone is a strong independent risk factor for poor survival in mCRC.
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- Couto, E, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer risk in the EPIC cohort.
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:9, s. 1493-1499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although several studies have investigated the association of the Mediterranean diet with overall mortality or risk of specific cancers, data on overall cancer risk are sparse. METHODS: We examined the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and overall cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and nutrition, a multi-centre prospective cohort study including 142,605 men and 335,873. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was examined using a score (range: 0-9) considering the combined intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, lipids, fish, dairy products, meat products, and alcohol. Association with cancer incidence was assessed through Cox regression modelling, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: In all, 9669 incident cancers in men and 21,062 in women were identified. A lower overall cancer risk was found among individuals with greater adherence to Mediterranean diet (hazard ratio=0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98) for a two-point increment of the Mediterranean diet score. The apparent inverse association was stronger for smoking-related cancers than for cancers not known to be related to tobacco (P (heterogeneity)=0.008). In all, 4.7% of cancers among men and 2.4% in women would be avoided in this population if study subjects had a greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern. CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern could reduce overall cancer risk.
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- Dahlman, I, et al.
(författare)
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Adipose tissue pathways involved in weight loss of cancer cachexia
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 102:10, s. 1541-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The regulatory gene pathways that accompany loss of adipose tissue in cancer cachexia are unknown and were explored using pangenomic transcriptome profiling. METHODS: Global gene expression profiles of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were studied in gastrointestinal cancer patients with (n=13) or without (n=14) cachexia. RESULTS: Cachexia was accompanied by preferential loss of adipose tissue and decreased fat cell volume, but not number. Adipose tissue pathways regulating energy turnover were upregulated, whereas genes in pathways related to cell and tissue structure (cellular adhesion, extracellular matrix and actin cytoskeleton) were downregulated in cachectic patients. Transcriptional response elements for hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF4) were overrepresented in the promoters of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule genes, and adipose HNF4 mRNA was downregulated in cachexia. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer cachexia is characterised by preferential loss of adipose tissue; muscle mass is less affected. Loss of adipose tissue is secondary to a decrease in adipocyte lipid content and associates with changes in the expression of genes that regulate energy turnover, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, which suggest high tissue remodelling. Changes in gene expression in cachexia are reciprocal to those observed in obesity, suggesting that regulation of fat mass at least partly corresponds to two sides of the same coin.
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| 23. |
- Discacciati, A., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index in early and middle-late adulthood and risk of localised, advanced and fatal prostate cancer : a population-based prospective study
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 105:7, s. 1061-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The relationships between body mass index (BMI) during early and middle-late adulthood and incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) by subtype of the disease (localised, advanced) and fatal PCa is unclear. METHODS: A population-based cohort of 36 959 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed up from January 1998 through December 2008 for incidence of PCa (1530 localised and 554 advanced cases were diagnosed) and through December 2007 for PCa mortality (225 fatal cases). RESULTS: From a competing-risks analysis, incidence of localised PCa was observed to be inversely associated with BMI at baseline (middle-late adulthood; rate ratio (RR) for 35 kgm(-2) when compared with 22 kgm(-2) was 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 - 0.92)), but not at age 30. For fatal PCa, BMI at baseline was associated with a nonstatistically significant increased risk (RR for every five-unit increase: 1.12 (0.88 - 1.43)) and BMI at age 30 with a decreased risk (RR for every five-unit increase: 0.72 (0.51 - 1.01)). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an inverse association between obesity during middle-late, but not early adulthood, and localised PCa. They also suggest a dual association between BMI and fatal PCa - a decreased risk among men who were obese during early adulthood and an increased risk among those who were obese during middle-late adulthood. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 1061-1068. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.319 www.bjcancer.com Published online 16 August 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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- Dyrskjot, L., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of molecular intra-patient variation and delineation of a prognostic 12-gene signature in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; technology transfer from microarrays to PCR
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 107:8, s. 1392-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple clinical risk factors and genetic profiles have been demonstrated to predict progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; however, no easily clinical applicable gene signature has been developed to predict disease progression independent of disease stage and grade. METHODS: We measured the intra-patient variation of an 88-gene progression signature using 39 metachronous tumours from 17 patients. For delineation of the optimal quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR panel of markers, we used 115 tumour samples from patients in Denmark, Sweden, UK and Spain. RESULTS: Analysis of intra-patient variation of the molecular markers showed 71% similar classification results. A final panel of 12 genes was selected, showing significant correlation with outcome. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that the 12-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 7.4 (95% confidence interval: 3.4-15.9), P < 0.001) when adjusting for stage, grade and treatment. Independent validation of the 12-gene panel and the determined cut-off values is needed and ongoing. CONCLUSION: Intra-patient marker variation in metachronous tumours is present. Therefore, to increase test sensitivity, it may be necessary to test several metachronous tumours from a patient's disease course. A PCR-based 12-gene signature significantly predicts disease progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- Eberhard, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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A cohort study of the prognostic and treatment predictive value of SATB2 expression in colorectal cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 106:5, s. 931-938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a novel diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer (CRC), and loss of SATB2 has been linked to poor survival from the disease. In this study, we validated the prognostic ability of SATB2 expression in a large, prospective CRC cohort.METHODS: Immunohistochemical SATB2 expression was assessed in 527 incident CRC cases from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to explore the impact of SATB2 expression on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS: High SATB2 expression was associated with a prolonged CSS in the full cohort (hazard ratio (HR)=0.61; 95% CI 0.41-0.92) and in colon cancer (HR=0.39; 95% CI 0.20-0.75), remaining significant in multivariable analysis of colon cancer (HR=0.49; 95% CI 0.25-0.96), with similar findings for OS. In curatively resected stage III-IV patients, a significant benefit from adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy was observed for SATB2 high tumours (P(interaction)=0.037 for OS) and high SATB2 expression in rectal cancer correlated with an enhanced effect of neoadjuvant therapy (P(interaction)=0.033 for OS).CONCLUSION: High SATB2 expression is an independent marker of good prognosis in colon cancer and may modulate sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation.
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