| 1. |
- Allgulander, C, et al.
(författare)
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Venlafaxine extended release (ER) in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: twenty-four-week placebo-controlled dose-ranging study
- 2001
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 179, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) has received less study than other anxiety disorders, particularly its long-term treatment.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) in patients with GAD.MethodA total of 541 out-patients, 18–86 years old, were recruited to this 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of three fixed doses (37.5, 75 and 150 mg/day) of venlafaxine ER.ResultsAll doses of venlafaxine ER showed efficacy superior to placebo, apparent from week 2, that was sustained throughout the 24-week study for the two higher doses. The discontinuation rate did not differ significantly among the treatment groups.ConclusionsVenlafaxine ER is an effective and safe treatment for GAD for up to 6 months.
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| 2. |
- Bertolote, JM, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide and mental disorders: do we know enough?
- 2003
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 183, s. 382-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Dalman, C, et al.
(författare)
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Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study
- 2001
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 179, s. 403-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has found an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, but in many studies the sample size was limited, and no assessment of specific exposures was possible.AimsTo assess the role of different complications, and in particular to distinguish between disordered foetal development and hypoxia at birth.MethodFrom the Stockholm County In-Patient Register and community registers, we identified 524 cases of schizophrenia and 1043 controls, matched for age, gender, hospital and parish of birth. Data on obstetric complications were obtained from birth records.ResultsThere was a strong association between signs of asphyxia at birth and schizophrenia (OR 4.4; 95% C11.9–10.3) after adjustment for other obstetric complications, maternal history of psychotic illness and social class.ConclusionsSigns of asphyxia at birth are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in adults.
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| 4. |
- Gunnell, D, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between premorbid intellectual performance, early-life exposures and early-onset schizophrenia. Cohort study
- 2002
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 181, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired intellectual performance is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate whether this association is due to the influence of prenatal and early childhood exposures on both intellectual development and the risk of schizophrenia.MethodCohort of 197 613 Swedish male conscripts with linked birth, census and hospital admission data together with five measures of verbal and non-verbal intellectual performance recorded at conscription. Results 109 643 subjects had complete data; over a mean 5-year follow-up, 60 developed schizophrenia and 92 developed other non-affective psychoses. Poor scores for each of the five tests were associated with 3-to 14-fold increased risk of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia. Controlling for birth-related exposures, including birth weight, and parental education did not attenuate these associations.Results109 643 subjects had complete data; over amean 5-year follow-up,60 developed schizophrenia and 92 developed other non-affective psychoses. Poor scores for each of the five testswere associatedwith 3-to 14-foldincreasedrisk of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia. Controlling for birth-related exposures, including birthweight, and parental education didnot attenuate these associations.ConclusionsPoor intellectual performance at 18 years of age is associated with early-onset psychotic disorder. Associations do not appear to be confounded by prenatal adversity or childhood circumstances, as indexed by parental education.
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| 5. |
- Lewis, G, et al.
(författare)
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Asphyxia at birth and schizophrenia
- 2002
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 180, s. 465-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, P, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based rehabilitation in forensic psychiatry
- 2000
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 176, s. 320-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which forensic psychiatric rehabilitation alters an individual's level of risk is unclear.AimsTo highlight some essential features of a forensic psychiatric rehabilitation system, and to discuss risk assessment in this context to create a conceptual framework for risk research and practice.MethodThe applicability of risk assessment instruments to forensic psychiatric rehabilitation was examined. Core processes and elements considered essential in this type of rehabilitative work were reviewed.ResultsCurrent risk research has limited application to rehabilitation. Future research aimed at analysing forensic psychiatric rehabilitation will be hampered by the complexity of the treatment systems and the number of methodological issues relevant to this type of research.ConclusionsNovel research approaches are suggested to analyse further the risk factors and processes important in forensic psychiatric rehabilitation.
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, P, et al.
(författare)
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Finding the evidence in forensic rehabilitation
- 2000
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 177, s. 372-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Ruck, C
(författare)
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Adverse events following neurosurgery
- 2003
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 183, s. 366-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, R L, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-making and euthanasia
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 182:2, s. 171-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Sundquist, K, et al.
(författare)
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Urbanisation and incidence of psychosis and depression: follow-up study of 4.4 million women and men in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 184, s. 293-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies of differences in mental health between urban and rural populations are inconsistent.AimsTo examine whether a high level of urbanisation is associated with increased incidence rates of psychosis and depression, after adjustment for age, marital status, education and immigrant status.MethodFollow-up study of the total Swedish population aged 25–64 years with respect to first hospital admission for psychosis or depression. Level of urbanisation was defined by population density and divided into quintiles.ResultsWith increasing levels of urbanisation the incidence rates of psychosis and depression rose. In the full models, those living in the most densely populated areas (quintile 5) had 68–77% more risk of developing psychosis and 12–20% more risk of developing depression than the reference group (quintile 1).ConclusionsA high level of urbanisation is associated with increased risk of psychosis and depression for both women and men.
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| 11. |
- Thomas, HV, et al.
(författare)
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Obstetric complications and risk of schizophrenia. Effect of gender, age at diagnosis and maternal history of psychosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 179, s. 409-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obstetric complications have been studied frequently as possible risk factors for schizophrenia.AimsTo test the hypotheses that individual obstetric complications are most strongly associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in males, in patients with an early age at first diagnosis and in subjects with a maternal history of psychosis.MethodCases of schizophrenia diagnosed between January 1971 and June 1994 were identified in the Stockholm County In-Patient Register. Controls were matched on age, gender, hospital of birth and parish of birth. Obstetric data were recorded blind to case–control status for 524 cases and 1043 controls.ResultsThis study did not find any large or consistent effect of gender, age at diagnosis or maternal history of psychosis on the risk of schizophrenia associated with individual complications.ConclusionsFuture studies should examine these effects using a much larger sample that includes patients with schizophrenia and control subjects whose genetic risk of schizophrenia has been assessed accurately.
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| 12. |
- Zammit, S, et al.
(författare)
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Paternal age and risk for schizophrenia
- 2003
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Ingår i: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 183, s. 405-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously reported associations between advancing paternal age and schizophrenia could be due to an increase in paternal germ cell mutations or be confounded by heritable personality traits associated with schizophrenia that result in delayed parenthood.AimsTo investigate this association while adjusting for personality traits related to poor social integration in the subjects.MethodA cohort of 50 087 adolescent males was followed up by record linkage to determine hospital admissions for schizophrenia between 1970 and 1996.ResultsAdvancing paternal age was associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia in a ‘dose-dependent’ manner. The adjusted odds ratio for each 10-year increase in paternal age was 1.3 (95% Cl 1.0–1.5; P=0.015).ConclusionsAdvancing paternal age is an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Adjusting for social integration in subjects made little difference to this association, consistent with the hypothesis that advancing paternal age may increase liability to schizophrenia owing to accumulating germ cell mutations.
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| 13. |
- Östman, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Stigma by association : Psychological factors in relatives of people with mental illness
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 181:6, s. 494-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stigma affects not only people with mental illnesses, but their families as well. Understanding how stigma affects family members in terms of both their psychological response to the ill person and their contacts with psychiatric services will improve interactions with the family. Aims To investigate factors of psychological significance related to stigma of the relatives. Method In a Swedish multi-centre study, 162 relatives of patients in acute psychiatric wards following both voluntary and compulsory admissions were interviewed concerning psychological factors related to stigma. Results A majority of relatives experienced psychological factors of stigma by association. Eighteen per cent of the relatives had at times thought that the patient would be better off dead, and 10% had experienced suicidal thoughts. Stigma by association was greater in relatives experiencing mental health problems of their own, and was unaffected by patient background characteristics. Conclusions Interventions are needed to reduce the negative effects of psychological factors related to stigma by association in relatives of people with mental illness.
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