| 1. |
- Büntgen, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-9273. ; 67:22, s. 2336-2344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23 forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89 Blue Rings (lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings (cell deformation and collapse), and 93 Light Rings (reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and 548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.
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| 2. |
- Buntgen, U., et al.
(författare)
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Recognising bias in Common Era temperature reconstructions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dendrochronologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1125-7865 .- 1612-0051. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A steep decline in the quality and quantity of available climate proxy records before medieval times challenges any comparison of reconstructed temperature and hydroclimate trends and extremes between the first and second half of the Common Era. Understanding of the physical causes, ecological responses and societal consequences of past climatic changes, however, demands highly-resolved, spatially-explicit, seasonally-defined and absolutely-dated archives over the entire period in question. Continuous efforts to improve existing proxy records and reconstruction methods and to develop new ones, as well as clear communication of all uncertainties (within and beyond academia) must be central tasks for the paleoclimate community.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 19:12, s. 2463-2491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between climate variability and grain harvest yields has been an important component of food security and economy in European history. Yet, inter-regional comparisons of climate–yield relationships have been hampered by locally varying data types and the use of different statistical methods. Using a coherent statistical framework, considering the effects of diverse serial correlations on statistical significance, we assess the temperature and hydroclimate (precipitation and drought) signatures in grain harvest yields across varying environmental settings of early modern (ca. 1500–1800) Europe. An unprecedentedly large network of yield records from northern (Sweden), central (Switzerland), and southern (Spain) Europe are compared with a diverse set of seasonally and annually resolved palaeoclimate reconstructions. Considering the effects of different crop types and time series frequencies, we find within regions consistent climate–harvest yield associations characterized by a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, winter temperature and precipitation signals in Switzerland, and spring and annual mean temperature signals in Spain. The regional-scale climate–harvest associations are weaker than the recently revealed climate signals in early modern grain prices but similar in strength to modern climate–harvest relationships at comparable spatial scales. This is a noteworthy finding considering the uncertainties inherent in both historical harvest and palaeoclimate data.
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| 5. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Corona : ett historiskt perspektiv på vår tids pandemi
- 2020
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under historien har allvarliga epidemier och pandemier varit ett återkommande gissel för mänskligheten. Men när ett nytt coronavirus fick spridning i hela världen i början av 2020 hade det gått över femtio år sedan den senaste all-varliga pandemin, och reaktionen blev närmast panikartad. Katastrofscenarier baserade på fragmentariska data fick många att befara att tiotals miljoner människor skulle dö av viruset. Samhällen stängdes ned, undantagslagar som annars är reserverade för krig togs i bruk. Men viruset fortsatte att sprida sig som en löpeld.Snart blev det allt tydligare att covid-19 är en betydligt mindre dödlig sjukdom än vad många hade befarat, och att viruset redan var så spritt att det blivit omöjligt att stoppa. I oktober 2020 uppskattade Världshälsoorganisationen att 800 miljoner människor i världen blivit smittade, tjugo gånger fler än antalet bekräftade fall, samtidigt som bara två av tusen smittade verkar avlida i sjukdomen globalt. I ljuset av hur tidigare pandemier upphört kommer spridningen av coronaviruset att ebba ut först efter två till tre år, när runt en tredjedel av världens befolkning blivit smittad och immun.Historikern och klimatforskaren Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist sätter här in coronapandemin i ett historiskt perspektiv och jämför den med tidigare pandemier, från antiken till modern tid. En utförlig genomgång görs av pandemins förlopp, den vetenskapliga oenigheten om hur farligt viruset är, diskussionen om flockimmunitet och vaccin samt de olika åtgärderna för att hejda smittspridningen.
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| 6. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Digerdöden – inte så dödlig som det sägs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 50-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Pesten påstås ofta ha tagit livet av halva Europas befolkning. Men ny forskning som har spårat förändringar i kulturlandskapet genom att studera borrkärnor med pollen från sjöar och våtmarker ger en helt annan bild.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Europa i dag : Likheter och skillnader mellan länderna på vår kontinent
- 2024
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Hur lika eller olika är egentligen Europas länder – politiskt, demografiskt, ekonomiskt, socialt och kulturellt? Vilka länder är mest lika varandra, och vilka står längst ifrån varandra?Det analyseras här med hjälp av 50 kartor som tagits fram speciellt för denna bok. Kartorna belyser en rad högaktuella samhällsfrågor, och läsaren får en färsk översikt över skillnader och likheter i ekonomi, demografi, folkhälsa, jämställdhet, kriminalitet, migration, politiska förhållanden och kulturella värderingar.I de analyserande texter som ledsagar kartorna beskrivs också de stora förändringar som har ägt rum sedan millennieskiftet. Det visar sig att skillnaderna mellan europeiska länder har minskat kraftigt i de flesta avseenden, men inte i alla. Vad gäller värderingar råder dessutom i flera länder stora skillnader mellan åldersgrupper, som ofta är större än dem mellan länder. Boken slår hål på många förlegade föreställningar och uppmärksammar en rad oväntade saker. Bland annat framgår att Schweiz och Österrike numera är tämligen snarlika de nordiska länderna, att Irland har kommit att bli mer likt Luxemburg än Storbritannien och att Bulgarien och Rumänien fortfarande skiljer sig betydligt från alla andra EU-länder. Vidare har skillnaderna mellan protestantiska och katolska länder i praktiken försvunnit – i stället går numera den främsta skiljelinjen i fråga om sociala värderingar längs den forna järnridån. En central bok för alla som bättre vill förstå 2020-talets Europa samt de möjligheter och utmaningar som EU står inför.
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| 10. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Famines in medieval and early modern Europe—Connecting climate and society
- 2024
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. - 1757-7780 .- 1757-7799. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article evaluates recent scholarship on famines in Europe during the medieval and early modern periods (c. 700–1800), synthesizing the state-of-the-art knowledge and identifying both research gaps and interdisciplinary potentials. Particular focus is placed on how, and to what extent, climatic change and variability is given explanatory power in famine causation. Current research, supported by recent advances in palaeoclimatology, reveals that anomalous cold conditions constituted the main environmental backdrop for severe food production crises that could result in famines in pre-industrial Europe. Such food crises occurred most frequently between c. 1550 and 1710, during the climax of the Little Ice Age cooling, and can be connected to the strong dependency on grain in Europe during this period. The available body of scholarship demonstrates that famines in medieval and early modern Europe best can be understood as the result of the interactions of climatic and societal stressors responding to pre-existing vulnerabilities. Recent research has shown that societal responses to these famines, and the appropriation of their consequences, have been much more comprehensive, dynamic, and substantial than previously assumed. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future studies on historical famines.
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| 11. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Fred är bästa vapnet mot hunger
- 2022
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Ingår i: Kvartal. - 2002-6269.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Geografiska perspektiv ger nya rön om pandemin
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 18-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I studier av hur covid-19 kom att spridas har de geografiska analyserna inte sällan varit häpnadsväckande grovhuggna. Med mer finkalibrerade metoder kan man få syn på viktiga mönster i smittspridningen.
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| 14. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Histoire du climat du Royaume de Suède à l’époque modern : Climate history of the early modern Swedish Realm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Revue d´Histoire Nordique. - Toulouse : Les Presses universitaires du Midi. - 1778-9605. ; :27, s. 201-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we assess the scholarship of climate history in the former Swedish Realm (roughly, present-day Sweden, Finland, and Estonia) during the early modern period. The research has primarily focused on impacts of climate change and variability on human history, but also on producing documentary-based reconstructions of past climate. Recent advances in palaeo-climatology, in particular dendroclimatology, during the past two to three decades has made the study of the impacts of climate in early modern history possible. However, while the field of climate history has developed substantially in much of Europe, it remains rather underdeveloped and has drawn limited interest in the Nordic countries. Besides some recent studies for Finland, the climate history of the former Swedish Realm is not reaching the standards of the field in contemporary European scholarship. Existing scholarship has nevertheless demonstrated the link between cold springs and summers and poor harvests, particular in Finland, but few studies have assessed the effects of climate on society besides for periods of severe food shortage or famines. The article concludes with outlines and reflections for future scholarship in climate history of the early modern Swedish Realm.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Lagboken under svensk medeltid
- 2022
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Ingår i: Kodex. - : Foreningen Mediehistoriskt arkiv. ; , s. 377-403
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Legitimising Royal Power in Medieval Scandinavian Laws
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Elites in Transformation, c. 1050–1250, Volume III. - : Routledge. - 9781003097143 - 9780367562816 ; , s. 105-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the late twelfth century onwards, we observe a gradual shift from a horizontal to a vertical relationship between king and commoners in the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. This gradual transformation contributed to, and partly enabled, the growth of royal power in medieval Scandinavia. As elsewhere in Europe, kingship underwent a fundamental ideological change bringing about new forms of legitimisation of royal power according to which the king functioned as a rex iustus by divine grace. This elevated position placed the king above other members of the secular elite as he was glorified as God’s elected representative on earth. This chapter explores this process by analysing the preserved law material, and placing special emphasis on mutual obligations between king and commoners, considering the extent to which the king was bound by law, individual rights to pursue feuds, royal privileges, and crimes against the Crown. It shows, among other things, how the king was bound by the law in all the three Scandinavian countries up to the thirteenth century when differences started to appear. The kings in Denmark and Sweden were increasingly restricted by specific constitutional provisions, while the kings in Norway became less and less confined by law.
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| 18. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Ny teknik löser konsthistoriska gåtor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 37-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 19. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Pandemierna som har förändrat världen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kvartal. - Stockholm.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Svåra pandemier och epidemier har varit mänsklighetens ständiga följeslagare. Många är idag bortglömda. Men vilka konsekvenser har de haft för samhället? Historikern Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist skissar utvecklingen, och konstaterar att de i regel skyndade på historiska processer som redan var igång.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Quantitative Approaches to Medieval Swedish Law
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book presents a novel framework for studying historical legalisation using quantitative methods, with 10 fully-preserved laws from medieval Sweden, written between c. 1225 and 1350, serving as a case study. By applying a systematic classification scheme to each legal provision, it is possible to investigate the major differences and similarities in structure and content between the 10 laws. This, in turn, allows for the re-assessment of many long-standing problems in Swedish and European medieval legal history that have been challenging to address with traditional methods based on text analyses. Over the course of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, major changes in the proportion of legal provisions devoted to different fields of law, and to prescribed consequences, are found. The book shows how the proportions of civil law and public law expanded at the expense of criminal law. Furthermore, a clear transition from casuistic to more abstract law provisions can also be witnessed.
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| 22. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although variations in building activity are a useful indicator of societal well-being and demographic development, historical datasets for larger regions and longer periods are still rare. Here, we present 54,045 annually precise dendrochronological felling dates from historical construction timber from across most of Europe between 1250 and 1699 CE to infer variations in building activity. We use geostatistical techniques to compare spatiotemporal dynamics in past European building activity against independent demographic, economic, social and climatic data. We show that the felling dates capture major geographical patterns of demographic trends, especially in regions with dense data coverage. A particularly strong negative association is found between grain prices and the number of felling dates. In addition, a significant positive association is found between the number of felling dates and mining activity. These strong associations, with well-known macro-economic indicators from pre-industrial Europe, corroborate the use of felling dates as an independent source for exploring large-scale fluctuations of societal well-being and demographic development. Three prominent examples are the building boom in the Hanseatic League region of northeastern Germany during the 13th century, the onset of the Late Medieval Crisis in much of Europec. 1300, and the cessation of building activity in large parts of central Europe during armed conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648 CE). Despite new insights gained from our European-wide felling date inventory, further studies are needed to investigate changes in construction activity of high versus low status buildings, and of urban versus rural buildings, and to compare those results with a variety of historical documentary sources and natural proxy archives.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Tusen år av regn, torka, snö och vulkanutbrott
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; , s. 24-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- När började vår tids globala uppvärmning? Och vilket århundrade var kallast i Europa? Ett nytt, oumbärligt översiktsverk i klimathistoria visar hur vädret har påverkat och format det europeiska samhället i tusen år.
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