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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(De Wit J.) srt2:(2005-2009)"

Sökning: WFRF:(De Wit J.) > (2005-2009)

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  • Fitzpatrick, John M., et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer : expert recommendations and the multidisciplinary approach
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-8428 .- 1879-0461. ; 68:Suppl.1, s. S9-S22
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A multidisciplinary panel of 20 international experts, including urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists, convened during the Advanced Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team meeting in Rome, Italy, in January 2007, to discuss the multidisciplinary team approach and current patterns of care for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). During the meeting, the experts discussed several definitions currently used in prostate cancer management, including those for senior adult patients. In addition, the panel reviewed a series of patient case studies in order to provide feedback on current treatment practices and to identify possible strategies for best practice. It was stressed that treatment decisions for senior adult patients should not be based solely on patient age. Additionally, although historically treatment decisions for advanced prostate cancer have focused on palliative care, given the survival benefit associated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy across patient subgroups, more men are likely to be offered chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease in the future.
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  • Kierkegaard, Amelie, et al. (författare)
  • A mass balance of tri-hexabrominated diphenyl ethers in lactating cows.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:7, s. 2602-2607
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Beef and dairy products can be important vectors of human exposure to polybrominated diphenylethers (BDEs), and hence an understanding of BDE transfer from feed to cows' milk and tissue is important for BDE exposure assessment The fate of tri- to hexaBDEs in lactating cows exposed to a naturally contaminated diet was studied by analyzing feed, feces, and milk samples from a mass balance study. Tissue distribution was studied in one cowslaughtered afterthe experiment The carryover rates from feed to milk ranged from 0.15 to 0.35 for the major congeners. Lower values were observed for several of the tetrabrominated congeners, and this was attributed to metabolism. The dietary absorption efficiency decreased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient of the BDE congener. The absorption behavior was consistent with a model based on chemical lipophilicity, but agreed less well with a model based on effective molecular diameter, and it violated Lipinski's "rule of 5". The lipid normalized concentrations were similar in all tissues analyzed including liver and milk, suggesting that tissue distribution is governed by partitioning into lipids. Overall, the behavior of the tri- to hexaBDEs was consistent with that observed for other classes of halogenated aromatic contaminants such as PCBs and PCDD/Fs, but it differed markedly from the behavior of the hepta- decaBDEs.
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  • Rockström, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • A safe operating space for humanity
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 461:7263, s. 472-475
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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  • Rockström, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Planetary Boundaries : Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 14:2, s. 32-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect that humanity can operate safely. Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale systems. We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere <350 ppm and/or a maximum change of +1 W m(-2) in radiative forcing); ocean acidification (mean surface seawater saturation state with respect to aragonite >= 80% of pre-industrial levels); stratospheric ozone (<5% reduction in O-3 concentration from pre-industrial level of 290 Dobson Units); biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycle (limit industrial and agricultural fixation of N-2 to 35 Tg N yr(-1)) and phosphorus (P) cycle (annual P inflow to oceans not to exceed 10 times the natural background weathering of P); global freshwater use (<4000 km(3) yr(-1) of consumptive use of runoff resources); land system change (<15% of the ice-free land surface under cropland); and the rate at which biological diversity is lost (annual rate of <10 extinctions per million species). The two additional planetary boundaries for which we have not yet been able to determine a boundary level are chemical pollution and atmospheric aerosol loading. We estimate that humanity has already transgressed three planetary boundaries: for climate change, rate of biodiversity loss, and changes to the global nitrogen cycle. Planetary boundaries are interdependent, because transgressing one may both shift the position of other boundaries or cause them to be transgressed. The social impacts of transgressing boundaries will be a function of the social-ecological resilience of the affected societies. Our proposed boundaries are rough, first estimates only, surrounded by large uncertainties and knowledge gaps. Filling these gaps will require major advancements in Earth System and resilience science. The proposed concept of "planetary boundaries" lays the groundwork for shifting our approach to governance and management, away from the essentially sectoral analyses of limits to growth aimed at minimizing negative externalities, toward the estimation of the safe space for human development. Planetary boundaries define, as it were, the boundaries of the "planetary playing field" for humanity if we want to be sure of avoiding major human-induced environmental change on a global scale.
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  • Shiriaev, Anton, et al. (författare)
  • Constructive tool for orbital stabilization of underactuated nonlinear systems : virtual constraints approach
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - Piscataway : IEEE Press. - 0018-9286 .- 1558-2523. ; 50:8, s. 1164-1176
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a constructive tool for generation and orbital stabilization of periodic solutions for underactuated nonlinear systems. Our method can be applied to any mechanical system with a number of independent actuators smaller than the number of degrees of freedom by one. The synthesized feedback control law is nonlinear and time-dependent. It is derived from a feedback structure that explicitly uses the general or full integral of the systems zero dynamics. The control law generates a periodic solution and makes it exponentially orbitally stable.
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