| 1. |
- Imanishi, T., et al.
(författare)
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Integrative annotation of 21,037 human genes validated by full-length cDNA clones
- 2004
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 2:6, s. 856-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human genome sequence defines our inherent biological potential; the realization of the biology encoded therein requires knowledge of the function of each gene. Currently, our knowledge in this area is still limited. Several lines of investigation have been used to elucidate the structure and function of the genes in the human genome. Even so, gene prediction remains a difficult task, as the varieties of transcripts of a gene may vary to a great extent. We thus performed an exhaustive integrative characterization of 41,118 full-length cDNAs that capture the gene transcripts as complete functional cassettes, providing an unequivocal report of structural and functional diversity at the gene level. Our international collaboration has validated 21,037 human gene candidates by analysis of high-quality full-length cDNA clones through curation using unified criteria. This led to the identification of 5,155 new gene candidates. It also manifested the most reliable way to control the quality of the cDNA clones. We have developed a human gene database, called the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/). It provides the following: integrative annotation of human genes, description of gene structures, details of novel alternative splicing isoforms, non-protein-coding RNAs, functional domains, subcellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein three-dimensional structure, mapping of known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identification of polymorphic microsatellite repeats within human genes, and comparative results with mouse full-length cDNAs. The H-InvDB analysis has shown that up to 4% of the human genome sequence (National Center for Biotechnology Information build 34 assembly) may contain misassembled or missing regions. We found that 6.5% of the human gene candidates (1,377 loci) did not have a good protein-coding open reading frame, of which 296 loci are strong candidates for non-protein-coding RNA genes. In addition, among 72,027 uniquely mapped SNPs and insertions/deletions localized within human genes, 13,215 nonsynonymous SNPs, 315 nonsense SNPs, and 452 indels occurred in coding regions. Together with 25 polymorphic microsatellite repeats present in coding regions, they may alter protein structure, causing phenotypic effects or resulting in disease. The H-InvDB platform represents a substantial contribution to resources needed for the exploration of human biology and pathology.
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| 2. |
- Badelek, B, et al.
(författare)
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The photon collider at TESLA
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X. ; 19:30, s. 5097-5186
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- High energy photon colliders (gammagamma,gammae) are based on e(-)e(-) linear colliders where high energy photons are produced using Compton scattering of laser light on high energy electrons just before the interaction point. This paper is a part of the Technical Design Report of the linear collider TESLA.(1) Physics program, possible parameters and some technical aspects of the photon collider at TESLA are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Cao, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of 10 nm enclosed nanofluidic channels
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 81:1, s. 174-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We made uniform arrays of nanometer scale structures using nanoimprint lithography over large areas (100 mm wafers). The nanofluidic channels were further narrowed and sealed by techniques that are based on nonuniform deposition. The resulting sealed channels have a cross section as small as 10 nm by 50 nm, of great importance for confining biological molecules into ultrasmall spaces. These techniques can be valuable fabrication tools for Nanoelectromechanical Systems and Micro/Nano Total Analysis Systems.
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| 4. |
- Cao, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Gradient nanostructures for interfacing microfluidics and nanofluidics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 81:16, s. 3058-3060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is difficult to introduce long genomic DNA molecules into nanometer scale fluidic channels directly from the macroscale world because of the steep entropic barrier caused by necessary stretching of the polymer. We present a very simple technique using optical lithography to fabricate continuous spatial gradient structures which smoothly narrow the cross section of a volume from the micron to the nanometer length scale, greatly reducing the local entropic barrier to nanochannel entry. This technique, diffraction gradient lithography, can be very valuable for the fabrication of micro/nano total analysis systems.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Cohen, G, et al.
(författare)
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beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit modulates protective responses to stress: A receptor basis for sleep-disordered breathing after nicotine exposure
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 99:20, s. 13272-13277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nicotine exposure diminishes the protective breathing and arousal responses to stress (hypoxia). By exacerbating sleep-disordered breathing, this disturbance could underpin the well established association between smoking and the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. We show here that the protective responses to stress during sleep are partially regulated by particular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We compared responses of sleeping wild-type and mutant mice lacking the β2 subunit of the nAChR to episodic hypoxia. Arousal from sleep was diminished, and breathing drives accentuated in mutant mice indicating that these protective responses are partially regulated by β2-containing nAChRs. Brief exposure to nicotine significantly reduced breathing drives in sleeping wild-type mice, but had no effect in mutants. We propose that nicotine impairs breathing (and possibly arousal) responses to stress by disrupting functions normally regulated by β2-containing, high-affinity nAChRs.
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| 11. |
- Han, S. H., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of dynamic critical behaviour in YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 341, s. 1855-1856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up to now, the value of the dynamic critical exponent z is still an open question. We have studied this exponent in the intermediate (XY) critical regime in zero field for a set of high quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta Single crystals in terms of Fisher-Fisher-Huse (FFH) dynamic scaling, and using previously obtained values for the critical exponents cu of the de critical conductivity fluctuations. In this regime (i.e. the absence of Coulomb interactions), one would expect model-E dynamics (z = 1.5) to apply with the conserved charge-density conjugate to the phase fluctuations. However, we find the dynamic critical exponent to be z = 2, which is in agreement with the suggestion of FFH that due to plasma fluctuations, fully relaxational dynamics, model A (z = 2), should be appropriate.
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| 12. |
- Han, S. H., et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional XY critical fluctuations of the dc electrical conductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 61:17, s. 11776-11779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is presented to analyze the dc critical fluctuation conductivity Delta sigma of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals in zero magnetic field. Two crossovers are obtained upon approaching T-c; first the Ginzburg crossover from the mean-held region to the initial critical regime, where the critical exponent a of Delta sigma changes from -1/2 to -2/3, and then, closer to T-c, a crossover of alpha form -2/3 to 1/3 in the critical region. Good agreement is found with the expectations from the three-dimensional XY model.
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| 16. |
- Makarova, Tatiana L, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism in photopolymerized fullerenes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Carbon. - Amsterdam : Elsevier B.V.. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 41:8, s. 1575-1584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phototransformation of bulk C-60 and laser- and electron-beam treatment of C-60 films in air changes their magnetic properties. Nonlinear magnetization is observed only for samples irradiated in the presence of oxygen, while, in the case of pressure-polymerized C-60, oxygen adversely affects the magnetic properties. The contrasting roles of oxygen in these processes are discussed. Magnetic force microscopy shows that laser- and electron-beam irradiation of fullerene films produces magnetic images which are highly correlated with the topographic images.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Spemann, D., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for intrinsic weak ferromagnetism in a C60 polymer by PIXE and MFM
- 2003
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; , s. 531-536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a C60 polymer has been characterized for the first time with respect to impurity content and ferromagnetic properties by laterally resolved particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in order to prove the existence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in this material. In the sample studied the main ferromagnetic impurity found was iron with an average concentration of 175 ± 16 μg/g within the sample volume probed by the ion beam. However, the Fe distribution is very inhomogeneous and characterized by micrometer-large impurity grains of almost pure iron surrounded by an almost pure carbon matrix. With MFM, the ferromagnetic properties have been investigated both in pure and contaminated regions of the sample as determined by PIXE. We found that ∼ 30% of the area of pure regions (concentration of magnetic impurities <1 μg/g) is characterized by ferromagnetic domains, which are partly correlated to grains and grain boundaries. These magnetic domains are of intrinsic origin and not related to impurities. In contaminated regions of the sample the ferromagnetic properties are dominated by the impurities as expected from the high impurity concentrations. The combination of PIXE and MFM allowed us to separate between the intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic regions and to directly prove that intrinsic ferromagnetism exists in a C60 polymer.
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| 19. |
- Wang, X., et al.
(författare)
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Involvement of the MKK6-p38? cascade in ?-radiation-induced cell cycle arrest
- 2000
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 20:13, s. 4543-4552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The p38 group of kinases belongs to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily with structural and functional characteristics distinguishable from those of the ERK, JNK (SAPK), and BMK (ERK5) kinases. Although there is a high degree of similarity among members of the p38 group in terms of structure and activation, each member appears to have a unique function. Here we show that activation of p38-? (also known as ERK6 or SAPK3), but not the other p38 isoforms, is required for ?-irradiation- induced G2 arrest. Activation of the MKK6-p38? cascade is sufficient to induce G2 arrest in cells, and expression of dominant negative alleles of MKK6 or p38? allows cells to escape the DNA damage-induce G2 delay. Activation of p38? is dependent on ATM and leads to activation of Cds1 (also known as Chk2). These data suggest a model in which activation of ATM by ? irradiation leads to the activation of MKK6, p38?, and Cds1 and that activation of both MKK6 and p38? is essential for the proper regulation of the G2 checkpoint in mammalian cells.
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