| 1. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 2. |
- Groenen, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 491:7424, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berthomier, M., et al.
(författare)
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Alfven : magnetosphere-ionosphere connection explorers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 33:2-3, s. 445-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aurorae are dynamic, luminous displays that grace the night skies of Earth's high latitude regions. The solar wind emanating from the Sun is their ultimate energy source, but the chain of plasma physical processes leading to auroral displays is complex. The special conditions at the interface between the solar wind-driven magnetosphere and the ionospheric environment at the top of Earth's atmosphere play a central role. In this Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR) persistent electric fields directed along the magnetic field accelerate magnetospheric electrons to the high energies needed to excite luminosity when they hit the atmosphere. The "ideal magnetohydrodynamics" description of space plasmas which is useful in much of the magnetosphere cannot be used to understand the AAR. The AAR has been studied by a small number of single spacecraft missions which revealed an environment rich in wave-particle interactions, plasma turbulence, and nonlinear acceleration processes, acting on a variety of spatio-temporal scales. The pioneering 4-spacecraft Cluster magnetospheric research mission is now fortuitously visiting the AAR, but its particle instruments are too slow to allow resolve many of the key plasma physics phenomena. The Alfv,n concept is designed specifically to take the next step in studying the aurora, by making the crucial high-time resolution, multi-scale measurements in the AAR, needed to address the key science questions of auroral plasma physics. The new knowledge that the mission will produce will find application in studies of the Sun, the processes that accelerate the solar wind and that produce aurora on other planets.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brawand, David, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 375-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great Lakes of East Africa. To understand themolecular mechanisms underlying cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika). We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs. In addition, we analysed sequence data from sixty individuals representing six closely related species from Lake Victoria, and show genome-wide diversifying selection on coding and regulatory variants, some of which were recruited from ancient polymorphisms. We conclude that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification.
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| 7. |
- Ellinor, Patrick T., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis identifies six new susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:6, s. 88-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation is a highly prevalent arrhythmia and a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure and death(1). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry, including 6,707 with and 52,426 without atrial fibrillation. Six new atrial fibrillation susceptibility loci were identified and replicated in an additional sample of individuals of European ancestry, including 5,381 subjects with and 10,030 subjects without atrial fibrillation (P < 5 x 10(-8)). Four of the loci identified in Europeans were further replicated in silico in a GWAS of Japanese individuals, including 843 individuals with and 3,350 individuals without atrial fibrillation. The identified loci implicate candidate genes that encode transcription factors related to cardiopulmonary development, cardiac-expressed ion channels and cell signaling molecules.
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| 8. |
- Ferrari, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
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Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 13:7, s. 686-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72-have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder.
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| 9. |
- Ryde, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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IDENTIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PHOTOSPHERIC EMISSION IN GRB090902B
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 709:2, s. l172-L177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observed the bright and long GRB090902B, lying at a redshift of z = 1.822. Together the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) cover the spectral range from 8 keV to >300 GeV. Here we show that the prompt burst spectrum is consistent with emission from the jet photosphere combined with nonthermal emission described by a single power law with photon index -1.9. The photosphere gives rise to a strong quasi-blackbody spectrum which is somewhat broader than a single Planck function and has a characteristic temperature of similar to 290 keV. We model the photospheric emission with a multicolor blackbody, and its shape indicates that the photospheric radius increases at higher latitudes. We derive the averaged photospheric radius R-ph = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(12) Y-1/4 cm and the bulk Lorentz factor of the flow, which is found to vary by a factor of 2 and has a maximal value of Gamma = 750 Y-1/4. Here, Y is the ratio between the total fireball energy and the energy emitted in the gamma rays. We find that during the first quarter of the prompt phase the photospheric emission dominates, which explains the delayed onset of the observed flux in the LAT compared to the GBM. We interpret the broadband emission as synchrotron emission at R similar to 4 x 10(15) cm. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of having high temporal resolution when performing spectral analysis on gamma-ray bursts, since there is strong spectral evolution.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ulmert, David, et al.
(författare)
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A novel automated platform for quantifying the extent of skeletal tumour involvement in prostate cancer patients using the bone scan index
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 62:1, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is little consensus on a standard approach to analysing bone scan images. The Bone Scan Index (BSI) is predictive of survival in patients with progressive prostate cancer (PCa), but the popularity of this metric is hampered by the tedium of the manual calculation. Objective: Develop a fully automated method of quantifying the BSI and determining the clinical value of automated BSI measurements beyond conventional clinical and pathologic features. Design, setting, and participants: We conditioned a computer-assisted diagnosis system identifying metastatic lesions on a bone scan to automatically compute BSI measurements. A training group of 795 bone scans was used in the conditioning process. Independent validation of the method used bone scans obtained ≤3 mo from diagnosis of 384 PCa cases in two large population-based cohorts. An experienced analyser (blinded to case identity, prior BSI, and outcome) scored the BSI measurements twice. We measured prediction of outcome using pretreatment Gleason score, clinical stage, and prostate-specific antigen with models that also incorporated either manual or automated BSI measurements. Measurements: The agreement between methods was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Discrimination between prognostic models was assessed using the concordance index (C-index). Results and limitations: Manual and automated BSI measurements were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.80), correlated more closely (ρ = 0.93) when excluding cases with BSI scores ≥10 (1.8%), and were independently associated with PCa death (p < 0.0001 for each) when added to the prediction model. Predictive accuracy of the base model (C-index: 0.768; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.702-0.837) increased to 0.794 (95% CI, 0.727-0.860) by adding manual BSI scoring, and increased to 0.825 (95% CI, 0.754-0.881) by adding automated BSI scoring to the base model. Conclusions: Automated BSI scoring, with its 100% reproducibility, reduces turnaround time, eliminates operator-dependent subjectivity, and provides important clinical information comparable to that of manual BSI scoring. © 2012 European Association of Urology.
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| 12. |
- Veljkovic, Milan, et al.
(författare)
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High-strength tower in steel for wind turbines (Histwin) : Final report
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovative solutions for assembling joints of a tubular tower for wind turbines were studied and the project provides a background for design. This solution is simpler to produce and 80 % less expensive than traditional flange connection. Our feasibility study at the production plant indicates that the towers would be easy to assemble in situ. In addition to the direct cost savings due to the technical simplicity of the solution, the higher fatigue endurance than that of the flange connection is experimentally established. Further reduction of costs due to optimal use of higher-strength steel grades, especially in the bottom segments of the tower where the stiffening of the door opening is costly, is shown in the report. The total reduction of the costs for tower is estimated at about 10–15 % compared to the traditional tower. The project objectives are achieved in following sequences. • Experimental activities of the friction connection: small-scale tests to establish resistance of the friction connection for a variety of faying surfaces and bolt types, accompanying testing to ensure realistic input data for FEA, long-term testing to establish loss of pretension forces during the lifetime and fatigue tests.• Bending test of the friction and flange connection in a down-scaled tower. • Feasibility of production of the tower segments in the laboratory and at the production plant. • Monitoring of the existing tower to access a stress variation during the operation. • FEA analysis of experimental results and a complete case study of the monitored tower. Numerical examples for design of the friction connection are given for the sake of illustration and to encourage use of the new connection
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| 13. |
- Lundqvist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched silicon carbide
- 2013
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Ingår i: THERMINIC 2013 - 19th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems, Proceedings. - : IEEE. ; , s. 58-61, s. 58-61
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the semiconductor silicon carbide presents attractive opportunities for the fabrication of novel electronic devices, there is significant interest in improving its material quality. Shrinking component sizes and high demands for efficiency and reliability make the capability to release excess heat an important factor for further development. Experience from Si and Diamond tells us that isotopic enrichment is a possible way to increase the thermal conductivity. We have produced samples of 4H-SiC that contain 28Si and 12C to a purity of 99.5%. The thermal conductivity in the c-direction of these samples has been measured by a transient thermoreflectance method. An improvement due to enrichment of at least 18% was found. The result is valid for a temperature of 45K above room temperature. A preliminary study of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity demonstrates a strong temperature dependence in agreement with earlier reports for 4H. © 2013 IEEE.
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| 14. |
- Mueller-Towe, Inken J., et al.
(författare)
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First chelonian eggs and carapace fragments from the Pliocene of Rhodes, Greece
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen. - : Schweizerbart. - 0077-7749. ; 262:3, s. 309-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well-preserved fossil eggs and eggshell fragments from the Pliocene Apolakkia Formation of Rhodes (Greece) are described. The eggs were found in-situ in a clutch. They are sub- spherical with lengths of 53-60 mm and widths of about 40 mm. All eggs are diagenetically compressed and their original diameters are estimated at 45-50 mm. The eggshells are 0.3-0.5 mm thick, partly re-crystallized, but widely still aragonitic. They consist of needle-like crystals that form individual shell units. A few pores are preserved between these shell units. This shell-structure allows assignment to chelonian eggs in the oofamily Testudoolithidae and the oogenus Testudolithus. The external morphology, microstructure and mineralogical composition of the eggshells show close resemblance to eggs of the extant tortoise Geochelone elephantopus. Together with a small association of turtle carapace fragments from the same formation, the clutch represents the first discovery of turtle and reptilian remains from the Pliocene of the island of Rhodes.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Asadi, Sahar, et al.
(författare)
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ICT solutions supporting collaborative information acquisition, situation assessment and decision making in contemporary environmental management problems : the DIADEM approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th EnviroInfo Conference "Environmental Informatics". - Herzogenrath : Shaker Verlag. - 9783844004519 ; , s. 920-931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a framework of ICT solutions developed in the EU research project DIADEM that supports environmental management with an enhanced capacity to assess population exposure and health risks, to alert relevant groups and to organize efficient response. The emphasis is on advanced solutions which are economically feasible and maximally exploit the existing communication, computing and sensing resources. This approach enables efficient situation assessment in complex environmental management problems by exploiting relevant information obtained from citizens via the standard communication infrastructure as well as heterogeneous data acquired through dedicated sensing systems. This is achieved through a combination of (i) advanced approaches to gas detection and gas distribution modelling, (ii) a novel service-oriented approach supporting seamless integration of human-based and automated reasoning processes in large-scale collaborative sense making processes and (iii) solutions combining Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Scenario-Based Reasoning and advanced human-machine interfaces. This paper presents the basic principles of the DIADEM solutions, explains how different techniques are combined to a coherent decision support system and briefly discusses evaluation principles and activities in the DIADEM project.
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| 17. |
- Bevilacqua, R., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron induced light-ion production from Iron and Bismuth at 175 MeV
- 2010
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Ingår i: CNR*09 - Second International Workshop on Compound Nuclear Reactions and Related Topics. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759805211 ; , s. 05005-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured light-ion (p, d, t, 3He and α) production in the interaction of 175 MeV neutrons with iron and bismuth, using the MEDLEY setup. A large set of measurements at 96 MeV has been recently completed and published, and now higher energy region is under investigation. MEDLEY is a conventional spectrometer system that allows low-energy thresholds and offers measurements over a wide angular range. The system consists of eight telescopes, each of them composed of two silicon surface barrier detectors, to perform particle identification, and a CsI(Tl) scintillator to fully measure the kinetic energy of the produced light-ions. The telescopes are placed at angles from 20° to 160°, in steps of 20°. Measurements have been performed at The Svedberg Laboratory, Uppsala (Sweden), where a quasi mono-energetic neutron beam is available and well characterized. Time of flight techniques are used to select light-ion events induced by neutrons in the main peak of the source neutron spectrum. We report preliminary double differential cross sections for production of protons, deuterons and tritons in comparison with model calculations using TALYS-1.0 code.
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| 18. |
- Feldmann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Economic and durable design of composite bridges with integral abutments
- 2010
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design and construction of bridges, questions of sustainability, maintenance and durability are becoming more and more important for European road administrations, in addition to safety and serviceability issues. Therefore integral abutment bridges are becoming highly attractive to designers, constructors and road administrations, as they tend to be less expensive to build, easier to maintain and more economical to own over their life time. Bearings and joints are main sources of maintenance costs during a lifetime. These costs vanish because the bridges are joint- and bearing-free. However, this very advantage complicates the design compared to conventional bridges in some crucial respects. Combined with the fact that most European countries have only limited experience with integral bridges to date, this leads to a reluctance of road administrations to use this bridge type. Thus the main objective of the project is to experimentally and theoretically investigate the behaviour of critical points of integral abutment bridges. Regarding the soil-structure interaction, recommendations are elaborated based on monitoring results as well as previous research and monitoring campaigns. Conventional HP piles and sheet piles are investigated as a foundation. Furthermore a hinged HP connection is developed to decrease the stresses in the pile system. An investigation of the design and construction of the slab to pavement approach is also carried out to avoid major damages to the structure. Finally the most important information is condensed into the essential features in form of a 'Design guide for composite bridges with integral abutments'
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| 19. |
- Feldmann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Economic and durable design of composite bridges with integral abutments (INTAB+)
- 2012
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design and construction of bridges, questions of sustainability, maintenance and durability become more and more important for European road administrations in addition to safety and serviceability issues. Therefore integral abutment bridges become highly attractive to designers, constructors and road administrations as they tend to be less expensive to build, easier to maintain and more economical to own over their lifetime. However in Europe less experience in building integral bridges has been gained so far. Therefore in 2005 the European RFCS-projects INTAB has been launched. Within the scope of the project, universities, consulting engineering companies as well as steel producers worked together to develop economic and safe solutions for composite bridges with integral abutments. Significant knowledge has been gained and cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable bridge structures have been developed. Furthermore their durability has been proven to obtain competitive composite bridges for small and medium spans. The outcome of that project was reworked within the scope of the current project to make it available to a larger number of practitioners. To disseminate the knowledge, two workshops have been organised. A design guide was written and translated into German and French. It was completed by a design example as well as CEN-recommendations regarding actual Eurocodes. A software tool was written to help designers to perform some calculations regarding the design of integral abutment bridges.
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| 20. |
- Iqbal, Naveed, et al.
(författare)
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Inflation adjusted LCCA of a comparative study of an Integral abutment bridge and a Concrete bridge with expansion joints
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sustainable construction - a life cycle approach in engineering. - 9789993209171 ; , s. 151-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gervasio H. et al [1]in there comparative life cycle analysis of an integral abutment composite bridge and concrete bridge have established the advantages of integral bridge due to its limited initial construction cost and maintenance and repair costs during its life cycle. This paper is based on the same data with a modification to the life cycle cost analysis of the bridge by using an inflation adjusted discount rate. In standard bridge structures, expansion joints are one of the most expensive components to maintain. In this regard, joint less bridge have major advantages. Integral bridges are built without joints, they span from one abutment to the other abutment, possibly over intermediate piers, without any joints in the deck. The absence of joints and bearings results in savings in initial costs and reduce maintenance efforts. Apart from economic benefits, the reduction of maintenance leads to less disturbance of the traffic over the bridge and thus to smaller environmental and social impacts. In this paper a case study is presented with the purpose of making a comparative life cycle analysis between an integral composite bridge and a concrete bridge with expansion joints. The result of this life cycle analysis will enhance the advantages of the former solution in regards to the economic and environmental aspects.
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| 21. |
- Opgenoorth, Hermann J., et al.
(författare)
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Day-side ionospheric conductivities at Mars
- 2010
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 58:10, s. 1139-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present estimates of the day-side ionospheric conductivities at Mars based on magnetic field measurements by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) at altitudes down to similar to 100 km during aerobraking orbits early in the mission. At Mars, the so-called ionospheric dynamo region, where plasma/neutral collisions permit electric currents perpendicular to the magnetic field, lies between 100 and 250 km altitude. We find that the ionosphere is highly conductive in this region, as expected, with peak Pedersen and Hall conductivities of 0.1-1.5 S/m depending on the solar illumination and induced magnetospheric conditions. Furthermore, we find a consistent double peak pattern in the altitude profile of the day-side Pedersen conductivity, similar to that on Titan found by Rosenqvist et al. (2009). A high altitude peak, located between 180 and 200 km, is equivalent to the terrestrial peak in the lower F-layer. A second and typically much stronger layer of Pedersen conductivity is observed between 120 and 130 km, which is below the Hall conductivity peak at about 130-140 km. In this altitude region, MGS finds a sharp decrease in induced magnetic field strength at the inner magnetospheric boundary, while the day-side electron density is known to remain high as far down as 100 km. We find that such Titan-like behaviour of the Pedersen conductivity is only observed under regions of strongly draped magnetospheric field-lines, and negligible crustal magnetic anomalies below the spacecraft. Above regions of strong crustal magnetic anomalies, the Pedersen conductivity profile becomes more Earth-like with one strong Pedersen peak above the Hall conductivity peak. Here, both conductivities are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the above only weakly magnetised crustal regions, depending on the strength of the crustal anomaly field at ionospheric altitudes. This nature of the Pedersen conductivity together with the structured distribution of crustal anomalies all over the planet should give rise to strong conductivity gradients around such anomalies. Day-side ionospheric conductivities on Mars (in regions away from the crustal magnetic anomalies) and Titan seem to behave in a very similar manner when horizontally draped magnetic field-lines partially magnetise a sunlit ionosphere. Therefore, it appears that a similar double peak structure of strong Pedersen conductivity could be a more general feature of non-magnetised bodies with ionised upper atmospheres, and thus should be expected to occur also at other non-magnetised terrestrial planets like Venus or other planetary bodies within the host planet magnetospheres.
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| 22. |
- Patrinos, George P., et al.
(författare)
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Human variome project country nodes: Documenting genetic information within a country
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794. ; 33:11, s. 1513-1519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Human Variome Project (http://www.humanvariomeproject.org) is an international effort aiming to systematically collect and share information on all human genetic variation. The two main pillars of this effort are gene/disease-specific databases and a network of Human Variome Project Country Nodes. The latter are nationwide efforts to document the genomic variation reported within a specific population. The development and successful operation of the Human Variome Project Country Nodes are of utmost importance to the success of Human Variome Project's aims and goals because they not only allow the genetic burden of disease to be quantified in different countries, but also provide diagnosticians and researchers access to an up-to-date resource that will assist them in their daily clinical practice and biomedical research, respectively. Here, we report the discussions and recommendations that resulted from the inaugural meeting of the International Confederation of Countries Advisory Council, held on 12th December 2011, during the 2011 Human Variome Project Beijing Meeting. We discuss the steps necessary to maximize the impact of the Country Node effort for developing regional and country-specific clinical genetics resources and summarize a few well-coordinated genetic data collection initiatives that would serve as paradigms for similar projects. Hum Mutat 33:15131519, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 23. |
- Rebelo, C., et al.
(författare)
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Structural monitoring of a wind turbine steel tower : Part I: System description and calibration
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wind and Structures. - : Techno-Press. - 1226-6116 .- 1598-6225. ; 15:4, s. 285-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development and calibration of a structural monitoring system installed in a 80 meters high steel wind tower supporting a 2.1 MW turbine Wind Class III IEC2a erected in the central part of Portugal. The several signals are measured at four different levels and include accelerations, strains on the tower wall and inside the connection bolts, inclinations and temperature. In order to correlate measurements with the wind velocity and direction and with the turbine operational parameters the corresponding signals are obtained directly from the turbine own monitoring system and are incorporated in the developed system. Results from the system calibration, the structural identification and the initial period of data acquisition are presented in this paper
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| 24. |
- ter Haar, C. Cato, et al.
(författare)
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Difference vectors to describe dynamics of the ST segment and the ventricular gradient in acute ischemia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8430 .- 0022-0736. ; 46:4, s. 302-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ECG is important in the diagnosis and triage of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially in the hyperacute phase, the "golden hours," during which myocardial salvage possibilities are largest. An important triaging decision to be taken is whether or not a patient requires primary PCI, for which, as mentioned in the guidelines, the presence of an ST elevation (STE) pattern in the ECG is a major criterion. However, preexisting non-zero ST amplitudes (diagnostic, but also non-diagnostic) can obscure or even preclude this diagnosis. Methods: In this study, we investigated the potential diagnostic possibilities of ischemia detection by means of changes in the ST vector, Delta ST, and changes in the VG (QRST integral) vector, Delta VG. We studied the vectorcardiograms (VCGs) synthesized of the ECGs of 84 patients who underwent elective PTCA. Mean +/- SD balloon occlusion times were 260 +/- 76 s. The ECG ischemia diagnosis (ST elevation, STE, or non-ST-elevation, NSTE), magnitudes and orientations of the ST and VG vectors, and the differences Delta ST and Delta VG with the baseline ECG were measured after 3 min of balloon occlusion. Results: Planar angles between the Delta ST and Delta VG vectors were 14.9 +/- 14.0 degrees. Linear regression of Delta VG on Delta ST yielded Delta VG = 324. Delta ST (r = 0.85; P < 0.0001, Delta ST in mV). We adopted Delta ST > 0.05 mV, and the corresponding Delta VG > 16.2 mV.ms as ischemia thresholds. The classical criteria characterized the ECGs of 46/84 (55%) patients after 3 min of occlusion as STE ECGs. Combined application of the Delta ST and Delta VG criteria identified 73/84 (87%) of the patients as ischemic. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis by Delta ST and Delta VG (requiring an earlier made non-ischemic baseline ECG) could dramatically improve ECG guided detection of patients who urgently require catheter intervention. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Tesinsky, Milan, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron Elastic Scattering Cross-Section Measurements at 175 MeV
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the Korean Physical Society. - : Korean Physical Society. - 0374-4884 .- 1976-8524. ; 59:2, s. 1797-1800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An off-line data analysis of an experimental campaign on elastic neutron cross-section measurements at 175 MeV for iron and bismuth performed by the SCANDAL set-up has started. Energy calibration has shown expected values of energy resolution and MCNPX simulations have provided suggestions for further analysis.
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