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- Lan, P. T., et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive tract infections including sexually transmitted infections : a population-based study of women of reproductive age in a rural district of Vietnam.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 84:2, s. 126-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the prevalences of reproductive tract infections (RTI)/sexually transmitted infections (STI) among married women in a rural district of Vietnam, and analyse the influence of socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and other determinants possibly related to RTI/STI. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study. Married women aged 18–49 years (n = 1012) were interviewed and underwent a gynaecological examination. Specimens were collected for laboratory diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis, hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis. Results: In total, 37% of the women were clinically diagnosed with an RTI/STI. Aetiologically confirmed RTI/STI was identified in 39% of the women (including 6% with STI). Endogenous infections were most prevalent (candidiasis 26%, BV 11%) followed by hepatitis B 8.3%, Chlamydia trachomatis 4.3%, Trichomonas vaginalis 1%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.7%, genital warts 0.2%, and HIV and syphilis 0%. Fifty per cent of the STI cases were asymptomatic. Younger age and intrauterine devices were significantly associated with an increased risk of BV. Determinants of candidiasis were vaginal douching, high education level and low economic status, whereas a determinant of chlamydia was high economic status. Outmigration of the husband was associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B surface antigen seroposivity among women. Conclusions: RTI/STI were prevalent among married women in a rural population of Vietnam. Syndromic algorithms should be consistently supplemented by risk assessment in order to reduce under and overtreatment. Microscopic diagnosis could be applied in primary care settings to achieve more accurate diagnoses. The promotion of health education aimed at reducing RTI/STI prevalences is an important tool in STI/HIV control programmes. Vaccination to prevent hepatitis B for migrants should be considered.
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| 2. |
- Bode, Felix J., et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease: decreased 17 beta-estradiol levels correlate with reduced numbers of DARPP32(+) neurons in males
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 17:17, s. 2595-2609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent clinical studies have highlighted that female sex hormones represent potential neuroprotective mediators against damage caused by acute and chronic brain diseases. This evidence has been confirmed by experimental studies documenting the protective role of female sex hormones both in vitro and in vivo, although these studies did not specifically focus on Huntington's disease (HD). We therefore investigated the onset and course of HD in female and male transgenic (tg) HD (CAG(n51)) and control rats across age and focused on three aspects: (i) behavioral and physiological alterations (energy expenditure, home-cage activity, emotional disturbance and motor dysfunction), (ii) morphological markers (numbers and characteristics of striatal DARPP32(+) medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and dopamine receptor autoradiography) and (iii) peripheral sex hormone levels as well as striatal estrogen receptor expression. Independent of their sex, tgHD rats exhibited increased levels of food intake, elevated home-cage activity scores and anxiolytic-like behavior, whereas only males showed an impairment of motor function. In line with the latter finding, loss and atrophy of DARPP32(+) MSNs were apparent only in male tgHD rats. This result was associated with a decreased striatal dopamine D1 receptor density and lower plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol at the age of 14 months. As DARPP32(+) MSNs expressed both alpha-and beta-estrogen receptors and showed a correlation between cell numbers and 17 beta-estradiol levels, our findings suggest sex-related differences in the HD phenotype pointing to a substantial neuroprotective effect of sex hormones and opening new perspectives on the therapy of HD.
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| 3. |
- Nam, D. N. H., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of selective dilution on the magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xM ' O-x(3) (M ' = Al, Ti)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Korean Physical Society. - 0374-4884 .- 1976-8524. ; 52:5, s. 1460-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic lattice of mixed-valence Mn ions in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is selectively diluted by partial substitution of Al or Ti for Mn. The ferromagnetic transition temperature T-c and the saturation magnetization M-s both decrease with substitution. By presenting the data in terms of selective dilution, T-c in the low-doping region is found to follow the relation T-c = T-c0 (1 - n(p)), where T-c0 refers to the undiluted system and np is the dilution concentration defined as n(p) = x/0.7 or n(p) = x/0.3 for M' = Al or Ti, respectively. The scaling behavior of T-c(n(p)) can be analyzed in the framework of the molecular-field theory and the still valid when Mn is replaced by both Al and Ti. The results are discussed with respect to the contributions from ferromagnetic double exchange and other possible antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions coexisting in the material.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Tseggai, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of magnesium substitution on the magnetic properties of Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 178:4, s. 1203-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of magnesium substitution on the magnetic properties of Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements on polycrystalline samples of composition Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3, Nd0.6Mg0.1Sr0.3MnO3, Nd0.6Mg0.1Sr0.3Mn0.9Mg0.1O3, and Nd0.6Mg0.1Sr0.3Mn0.8Mg0.2O3. The pristine compound Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is ferromagnetic with a transition temperature occurring at about 210 K. Increasing the Mg-substitution causes weakened ferromagnetic interaction and a great reduction in the magnetic moment of Mn. The Rietveld analyses of the neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data at 1.5 K for the samples with Mg concentration, y=0.0 and 0.1, show ferromagnetic Mn moments of 3.44(4) and 3.14(4) μB, respectively, which order along the [001] direction. Below 20 K the Mn moments of these samples become canted giving an antiferromagnetic component along the [010] direction of about 0.4 μB at 1.5 K. The analyses also show ferromagnetic polarization along [001] of the Nd moments below 50 K, with a magnitude of almost 1 μB at 1.5 K for both samples. In the samples with Mg substitution of 0.2 and 0.3 only short range magnetic order occurs and the magnitude of the ferromagnetic Mn moments is about 1.6 μB at 1.5 K for both samples. Furthermore, the low-temperature NPD patterns show an additional very broad and diffuse feature resulting from short range antiferromagnetic ordering of the Nd moments.
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