| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 3. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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| 4. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 5. |
- Grigorescu, F, et al.
(författare)
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HAPLOGENDIS INITIATIVE - SICA
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST. - : ACTA Endocrinologica Foundation. - 1841-0987 .- 1843-066X. ; 5:1, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Sokka, T., et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in rheumatoid arthritis disease activity according to gross domestic product in 25 countries in the QUEST-RA database
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 68:11, s. 1666-1672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse associations between the clinical status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) and the gross domestic product (GDP) of their resident country. Methods: The Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (QUEST-RA) cohort includes clinical and questionnaire data from 6004 patients who were seen in usual care at 70 rheumatology clinics in 25 countries as of April 2008, including 18 European countries. Demographic variables, clinical characteristics, RA disease activity measures, including the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), and treatment-related variables were analysed according to GDP per capita, including 14 "high GDP'' countries with GDP per capita greater than US$ 24 000 and 11 "low GDP'' countries with GDP per capita less than US$ 11 000. Results: Disease activity DAS28 ranged between 3.1 and 6.0 among the 25 countries and was significantly associated with GDP (r = -0.78, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.90, r(2) = 61%). Disease activity levels differed substantially between "high GDP'' and "low GDP'' countries at much greater levels than according to whether patients were currently taking or not taking methotrexate, prednisone and/or biological agents. Conclusions: The clinical status of patients with RA was correlated significantly with GDP among 25 mostly European countries according to all disease measures, associated only modestly with the current use of antirheumatic medications. The burden of arthritis appears substantially greater in "low GDP'' than in "high GDP'' countries. These findings may alert healthcare professionals and designers of health policy towards improving the clinical status of patients with RA in all countries.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nunes, S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Diurea cross-linked poly(oxyethylene)/siloxane ormolytes for lithium batteries
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 152:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly(oxyethylene) (POE)/siloxane hybrids (di-ureasils) doped with a wide concentration range of lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) were investigated. The host matrix of these materials [d-U(2000)] is a sol-gel-derived siliceous framework to which POE chains with about 40.3 repeat units are bonded through urea linkages. Xerogels with ∞ ≥ n ≥ 5 (n is the molar ratio OCH2CH2/Li+) were obtained as amorphous monoliths thermally stable up to at least 340°C. A crystalline POE/LiCF3SO3 complex was detected spectroscopically in samples with n ≤ 10. Below 90°C the ormolyte with n = 20 exhibits the highest conductivity (5.8 × 10-6 n-l cm-1 at 26°C). The redox stability domain of this material spans 4.1 V. Although Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data suggest that the Li+ ions are complexed by the POE ether oxygen atoms at n ≤10, this threshold composition is probably located at slightly lower salt content "Free" triflate ions and weakly coordinated anions, present in all the samples examined, must be the main charge carriers of the d-U(2000) 20LiCF3SO3 xerogel. Ion pairs (Li +CF3SO3-) or negatively charged triplets ([Li(CF3SO3)2]-) are formed at n ≤ 40. At n ≤ 5 positively charged triplets [Li2(CF 3SO3)]+ also appear. Divalent positively charged multiplets [Li3(CF3SO3)]2+ occur at n = 1.
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| 9. |
- Nunes, S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Sol-gel-derived potassium-based di-ureasils for "smart windows''
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-5501 .- 0959-9428. ; 17:40, s. 4239-4248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sol-gel-derived KCF3SO3-doped di-urea cross-linked poly(oxyethylene) (POE)/siloxane (di-ureasil) ormolytes with infinity > n >= 1 (n is the number of oxyethylene units per K+ ion) have been analysed. Samples with n. 40 are thermally stable up to 310 degrees C. At n >= 100, POE crystallites are present. At n = 5, a crystalline POE-KCF3SO3 complex with stoichiometry 1 : 1 is formed. In the xerogel with n = 1 this complex coexists with free salt. The highest ionic conductivity is reached at n = 20. The redox stability domain of this material spans 5.0 V. "Free'' anions and weakly coordinated CF3SO3- ions appear to be the main charge carriers at n = 20. The K+ ions interact with the urea carbonyl oxygen atoms at all salt concentrations. Complexation of the cations by POE occurs at n
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| 10. |
- Nunes, S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and photoluminescent features of di-amide cross-linked alkylene-siloxane hybrids
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-5501 .- 0959-9428. ; 15:35-36, s. 3876-3886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel amide cross-linked alkylene-siloxane hybrid materials (di-amidosils) synthesized by the sol-gel process have been investigated. Two samples identified by the notation d-A(x) with x = 4 and 8 (where x is the number of methylene groups of the alkylene chain) have been produced as transparent, amorphous, rigid monoliths. The d-A(8) material is thermally stable up to approximately 245°C. In this hybrid the siliceous framework is mainly composed of [-(CH2)Si(OSi)3)] and [-(CH 2)Si(OSi)2(OH)] substructures. Structural unit distances of 4.1 and 4.2 Å and average interparticle distances of 12 and 17 A have been determined for d-A(4) and d-A(8), respectively. In these compounds the alkylene chains are disordered and adopt gauche conformations. While a negligible proportion of the amide linkages remain non-bonded, the great majority of these groups belong to highly disordered strong hydrogen-bonded amide-amide associations. The hybrids introduced are room temperature white light emitters, presenting an intense, broad emission band in the blue/purplish-blue spectral region. The origin of such a band has been ascribed to the convolution of donor-acceptor pair (D-A) recombinations that occur in the NH groups of the amide linkages and in the siliceous nanodomains. The maximum quantum yield value of the d-A(8) di-amidosil is 5.4%.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bolivar, Juan M, et al.
(författare)
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Coating of soluble and immobilized enzymes with ionic polymers : full stabilization of the quaternary structure of multimeric enzymes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 10:4, s. 742-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows a simple and effective way to avoid the dissociation of multimeric enzymes by coating their surface with a large cationic polymer (e.g., polyethylenimine (PEI)) by ionic exchange. As model enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Thermus thermophilus and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Pseudomonas sp. were used. Both enzymes are very unstable at acidic pH values due to the rapid dissociation of their subunits (half-life of diluted preparations is few minutes at pH 4 and 25 degrees C). GDH and FDH were incubated in the presence of PEI yielding an enzyme-PEI composite with full activity. To stabilize the enzyme-polymer composite, a treatment with glutaraldehyde was required. These enzyme-PEI composites can be crosslinked with glutaraldehyde by immobilizing previously the composite onto a weak cationic exchanger. The soluble GDH-PEI composite was much more stable than unmodified GDH at pH 4 and 30 degrees C (retaining over 90% activity after 24 h incubation) with no effect of the GDH concentration in the inactivation course. The composite could be very strongly, but reversibly, adsorbed on cationic exchangers. Similarly, FDH could be treated with PEI and glutaraldehyde after adsorption on cationic exchangers, This permitted a stabilized FDH preparation. In this way, the coating of the enzymes surfaces with PEI is used as a simple and efficient strategy to prevent enzyme dissociation of multimeric enzymes. These composites can be used as a soluble catalyst or reversibly immobilized onto a cationic exchanger (e.g., CM-agarose).
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| 13. |
- Bolivar, Juan M, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilization-stabilization of a new recombinant glutamate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 80:1, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genome of Thermus thermophilus contains two genes encoding putative glutamate dehydrogenases. One of these genes (TTC1211) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme was a trimer that catalyzed the oxidation of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia with either NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactors. The enzyme was also able to catalyze the inverse reductive reaction. The thermostability of the enzyme at neutral pH was very high even at 70 degrees C, but at acidic pH values, the dissociation of enzyme subunits produced the rapid enzyme inactivation even at 25 degrees C. The immobilization of the enzyme on glyoxyl agarose permitted to greatly increase the enzyme stability under all conditions studied. It was found that the multimeric structure of the enzyme was stabilized by the immobilization (enzyme subunits could be not desorbed from the support by boiling it in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate). This makes the enzyme very stable at pH 4 (e.g., the enzyme activity did not decrease after 12 h at 45 degrees C) and even improved the enzyme stability at neutral pH values. This immobilized enzyme can be of great interest as a biosensor or as a biocatalyst to regenerate both reduced and oxidized cofactors.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Mohty, M., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia : A retrospective study from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 93:2, s. 303-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This retrospective study reported the outcome of 97 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who received a reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 2.8 years, two year overall-survival, leukemia-free survival and non-relapse mortality were significantly better in patients transplanted in first complete remission (CR1, 52±9%, 42±10%, and 18±7% respectively) compared with those transplanted in more advanced phase (p=0.003, p=0.002 and p=0.01 respectively). In multivariate analysis, disease status (CR1 vs. advanced, p=0.001) and chronic graft-vs-host disease (p=0.01) were associated with an improved overall-survival, suggesting that reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation is feasible in patients with high risk lymphoblastic leukemia in remission at transplantation. ©2008 Ferrata Storti Foundation.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Rocha, M., et al.
(författare)
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Natural computation meta-heuristics for the in silico optimization of microbial strains
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2105. ; 9, s. 499-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the greatest challenges in Metabolic Engineering is to develop quantitative models and algorithms to identify a set of genetic manipulations that will result in a microbial strain with a desirable metabolic phenotype which typically means having a high yield/ productivity. This challenge is not only due to the inherent complexity of the metabolic and regulatory networks, but also to the lack of appropriate modelling and optimization tools. To this end, Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have been proposed for in silico metabolic engineering, for example, to identify sets of gene deletions towards maximization of a desired physiological objective function. In this approach, each mutant strain is evaluated by resorting to the simulation of its phenotype using the Flux-Balance Analysis (FBA) approach, together with the premise that microorganisms have maximized their growth along natural evolution. Results: This work reports on improved EAs, as well as novel Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms to address the task of in silico metabolic engineering. Both approaches use a variable size set-based representation, thereby allowing the automatic finding of the best number of gene deletions necessary for achieving a given productivity goal. The work presents extensive computational experiments, involving four case studies that consider the production of succinic and lactic acid as the targets, by using S. cerevisiae and E. coli as model organisms. The proposed algorithms are able to reach optimal/ near-optimal solutions regarding the production of the desired compounds and presenting low variability among the several runs. Conclusion: The results show that the proposed SA and EA both perform well in the optimization task. A comparison between them is favourable to the SA in terms of consistency in obtaining optimal solutions and faster convergence. In both cases, the use of variable size representations allows the automati c discovery of the approximate number of gene deletions, without compromising the optimality of the solutions. © 2008 Rocha et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Borges Vieira, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Modelo de Comportamento dos Participantes do SopCast
- 2009
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Ingår i: WebMedia 2009. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781605588803
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apesar da crescente popularidade das aplica¸c˜oes de transmiss ˜ao de m´ıdia cont´ınua ao vivo em P2P, a compreens˜ao atual de aspectos importantes do comportamento dos participantes, como o intervalo de chegada entre eles e tempo de permanˆencia na rede, ainda ´e limitada. Este trabalho pretende preencher esta lacuna apresentando uma caracteriza ¸c˜ao do comportamento dos participantes no SopCast, uma das aplica¸c˜oes mais populares de transmiss˜ao ao vivo sobre P2P. A an´alise apresentada inclui propriedades relativas `a sess˜ao, tais como intervalos entre chegada de novos participantes, tempo de permanˆencia, n´umero de sess˜oes q e tempo de inatividade entre sess˜oes. Tamb´em s˜ao apresentadas propriedades das parcerias entre os participantes, como n´umero de parceiros e suas dura¸c˜oes. Al´em disso, o estudo apresentado compreende diferentes canais do Sop- Cast, destacando diferen¸cas nos padr˜oes de comportamento dependendo do conte´udo. As caracteriza¸c˜oes apresentadas definem um modelo dos participantes, que pode ser usado como base para cria¸c˜ao de novos protocolos e gera¸c˜ao de cargas sint´eticas realistas para transmiss˜ao ao vivo em P2P.
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