| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ding, Yunmei, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing kinesiophobia during the “blanking period” after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation by the fear-avoidance model
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 363, s. 49-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The influencing factors of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)during the post-operative “Blanking Period” are not known. The aims were to investigate the status of kinesiophobia in patients with AF during the post-operative “Blanking Period”, then further describe the occurrence and analyze the influencing factors of patients' kinesiophobia by the Fear-Avoidance Model. Materials and methods: In total,400 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, during the post-operative “Blanking Period” from the selected hospital were included in this study. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-SV Heart), the Self-efficacy for Exercise (SEE) scale, and the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS) were used to assess kinesiophobia, exercise self-efficacy, and physical function. The study adopted a cross-sectional design. Results: The score of kinesiophobia during the “Blanking Period” after operation in patients with atrial fibrillation was (44.06 ± 10.77), and the rate of high kinesiophobia was 71.61%.Logistic regression results showed that age, education, household monthly income, resting heart rate, EHRA symptom classification, exercise self-efficacy, and physical function influenced the kinesiophobia of patients during the post-operative “Blanking Period”(p<0.05， p<0.01). Conclusions: Kinesiophobia is common in patients with atrial fibrillation during the postoperative “Blanking Period”, and the fear of movement is related to age, education, household monthly income, resting heart rate, EHRA symptom classification, exercise self-efficacy, and physical function. Clinical and nursing staff should pay close attention to the psychological problems in the post-operation “Blanking Period” of exercise rehabilitation in patients with atrial fibrillation, make timely interventions to reduce patients' fear of movement, and improve patients' compliance with exercise rehabilitation.
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| 6. |
- Ding, Yunmei, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing self-management behavior during the “Blanking Period” in patients with atrial fibrillation : A cross-sectional study based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heart and Lung. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-9563. ; 58, s. 62-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is becoming increasingly common. Effective self-management during the “Blanking Period” is critical. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model can be used to study health behaviors in chronic disease patients, but it has not been studied in AF patients. Objective: The goal of this study was to explore the influencing factors and interaction pathways of self-management behavior in AF patients during the "Blanking Period" using the IMB model. Methods: From June to December 2021, a cross-sectional design was conducted. Patients with AF during the "Blanking Period" (N=220) were recruited. They filled out several quantitative questionnaires, including the Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire, the Confidence in Atrial Fibrillation Management Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale, and the Self-care Scale for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. Results: Total score of self-management behavior was (33.83 ± 10.66). AF knowledge (β = 0.252, P < 0.001), self-management confidence (β = 0.219, P < 0.001), social support (β = 0.291, P < 0.001), and health literacy (β = 0.262, P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with patients' self-management behavior, accounting for 66.50 percent of the total variance. Conclusions: During the "Blanking Period", the IMB model can be used to predict the factors that influence self-management behavior in AF patients. By using IMB model, interventions targeting patient-specific influencing factors could improve self-management behavior and quality of life in AF patients.
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| 7. |
- Ding, Yun Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of social support on illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation during “Blanking Period” : Mediating role of sense of mastery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 10:1, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore whether sense of mastery can mediate the relationship between social support and illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were at the “Blanking Period.”. Design: A cross-sectional design. Methods: 405 patients with AF who were at the “Blanking Period” in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited; they completed a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Personal Mastery Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results: Social support and sense of mastery were both adversely connected to illness perception. The indirect effect of social support on illness perception through sense of mastery was negative, accounting for 86.04% of the total effect. Conclusion: During the “Blanking Period,” better social support and sense of mastery contribute to a positive illness perception of AF patients. Social support also can influence patients' illness perception indirectly via the mediator of sense of mastery.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aleckovic, M, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer prevention by short-term inhibition of TGFβ signaling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 7558-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer prevention has a profound impact on cancer-associated mortality and morbidity. We previously identified TGFβ signaling as a candidate regulator of mammary epithelial cells associated with breast cancer risk. Here, we show that short-term TGFBR inhibitor (TGFBRi) treatment of peripubertal ACI inbred and Sprague Dawley outbred rats induces lasting changes and prevents estrogen- and carcinogen-induced mammary tumors, respectively. We identify TGFBRi-responsive cell populations by single cell RNA-sequencing, including a unique epithelial subpopulation designated secretory basal cells (SBCs) with progenitor features. We detect SBCs in normal human breast tissues and find them to be associated with breast cancer risk. Interactome analysis identifies SBCs as the most interactive cell population and the main source of insulin-IGF signaling. Accordingly, inhibition of TGFBR and IGF1R decrease proliferation of organoid cultures. Our results reveal a critical role for TGFβ in regulating mammary epithelial cells relevant to breast cancer and serve as a proof-of-principle cancer prevention strategy.
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| 11. |
- Bao, Minglei, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and evaluating nodal resilience of multi-energy systems under windstorms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the growing frequency and extent of extreme weather events, the resilient operation of multi-energy systems (MESs) has drawn attention nowadays. However, there is little study on the methodology with a set of key indicators to quantify the resilience of MESs with the consideration of the impacts of extreme weather. To address the problem, this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the time-dependent resilience of MESs considering energy interactions during extreme weather events, such as windstorms. Firstly, the multi-phase performance curve is utilized to describe the response behavior of MESs at different phases under the impacts of windstorms. Secondly, a service-based optimal energy flow model is developed to minimize the consequences caused by windstorms through the coordination among different energy subsystems. In order to model the chaotic failures and restoration of components, the Monte-Carlo simulation technique is applied. Furthermore, nodal resilience metrics for different energy carriers are proposed to quantify the resilience in MESs. Numerical studies demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to quantify the resilience of MESs under windstorms. The results show that the resilience performance level of MESs can differ in different regions with the impacts of windstorms. The findings can provide a useful reference for system operators to constitute targeted resilience improvement measures.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dareng, EO, et al.
(författare)
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Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk
- 2022
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Ingår i: European journal of human genetics : EJHG. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5438 .- 1018-4813. ; 30:3, s. 349-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, “select and shrink for summary statistics” (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28–1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08–1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21–1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35–1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.
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| 15. |
- Deng, Liying, et al.
(författare)
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KCl acts as a flux to assist the growth of sub-millimeter-scale metallic 2D non-layered molybdenum dioxide
- 2024
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Ingår i: Rare Metals. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides (2DMOs), such as MoO2, have made impressive strides in recent years, and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated. However, 2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature. We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale. We systematically investigate the effects of temperature, homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method, demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor. Afterward, the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals, leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution; by applying this method, the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO2 flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale (~ 464 μm) were yielded. Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO2 features metallic properties, with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99 Ω·square−1 at room temperature, and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature. Graphical abstract: TOC (Table of Content) (Figure presented.)
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| 16. |
- Ding, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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An Ultra-Low Latency Multicast Router for Large-Scale Multi-Chip Neuromorphic Processing
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE 3rd international conference on artificial intelligence circuits and systems (AICASs). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuromorphic simulation is fundamental to the study of information processing mechanism of the human brain and can further inspire application development of event-driven spiking neural networks. However large-scale neuromorphic simulation requires massive parallelism on multi-chip processing and imposes great challenges on dealing with data transmission latency and congestion problems between chips, especially when the number of simulated neurons reaches to billions or even trillions level. In this paper, we propose an ultra-low-latency on-chip router together with a multicast routing algorithm that focuses on reducing global loads and balancing loads between links. Additionally, we build a large-scale neuromorphic simulation platform consisting of 64 FPGA chips and evaluate the proposed design on it. The experiment results suggest that this design benefits from the proposed multicast routing algorithm in global communication loads and simulation capacity. This work has 4.1% similar to 5.2% reduction of global loads comparing to previous works and can achieve a latency as low as 25ns and a maximum data throughput of 6.25Gbps/chip.
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| 17. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Gong, Ze, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Quadriceps Strength and Synovitis in Knee Osteoarthritis : An Exploratory Study From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Journal of rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 50:4, s. 548-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between quadriceps strength and synovitis in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: This study was derived from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), which recruited adults from the OAI cohort with or at risk of KOA. Knees with complete records of isometric quadriceps strength and effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis assessments were included. Quadriceps strength was measured isometrically at baseline. Effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis were measured using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score at baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the associations of baseline quadriceps strength with changes in effusion-synovitis and Hoffa-synovitis in multivariable analyses. Additionally, analyses were stratified by synovitis-driven inflammatory phenotypes. RESULTS: A total of 1513 knees were included in this study. In total, 61% of the subjects were female; subjects had an average age of 61.9 (SD 8.8) years and a mean BMI of 29.4 (SD 4.7). Regarding the whole population, baseline quadriceps strength was negatively associated with baseline effusion-synovitis and follow-up changes in effusion-synovitis (odds ratio [OR] 0.77-0.86), but no significant association was observed in terms of Hoffa-synovitis. Stratified by synovitis-driven inflammatory phenotype, baseline quadriceps strength was significantly associated with follow-up changes in effusion-synovitis-but not in Hoffa-synovitis-in the population with existing effusion-synovitis (OR 0.75-0.79). CONCLUSION: Higher baseline quadriceps strength was negatively associated with changes in effusion-synovitis-but not in Hoffa-synovitis-especially in the population with existing effusion-synovitis. Our findings suggested a potential protective role of the quadriceps in effusion-synovitis.
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| 20. |
- Gou, De Hai, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of copper transporter 1 prevents α-synuclein pathology and alleviates nigrostriatal degeneration in AAV-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Copper promotes α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in vitro. The level of copper and copper transporter 1, which is the only known high-affinity copper importer in the brain, decreases in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. However, the relationship between copper, copper transporter 1 and α-synuclein pathology remains elusive. Here, we aim to decipher the molecular mechanisms of copper and copper transporter 1 underlying Parkinson's disease pathology. We employed yeast and mammalian cell models expressing human α-synuclein, where exogenous copper accelerated intracellular α-synuclein inclusions and silencing copper transporter 1 reduced α-synuclein aggregates in vitro, suggesting that copper transporter 1 might inhibit α-synuclein pathology. To study our hypothesis in vivo, we generated a new transgenic mouse model with copper transporter 1 conditional knocked-out specifically in dopaminergic neuron. Meanwhile, we unilaterally injected adeno-associated viral human-α-synuclein into the substantia nigra of these mice. Importantly, we found that copper transporter 1 deficiency significantly reduced S129-phosphorylation of α-synuclein, prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss, and alleviated motor dysfunction caused by α-synuclein overexpression in vivo. Overall, our data indicated that inhibition of copper transporter 1 alleviated α-synuclein mediated pathologies and provided a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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| 21. |
- Hui, Hongxun, et al.
(författare)
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5G network-based Internet of Things for demand response in smart grid : A survey on application potential
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 257
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand response (DR) has been widely regarded as an effective way to provide regulation services for smart grids by controlling demand-side resources via new and improved information and communication technologies. Emerging 5G networks and 5G-based Internet of Things (IoTs) can doubtless provide better infrastructure for DR, owing to 5G's advantages of fast transfer speed, high reliability, robust security, low power consumption, and massive number of connections. However, nearly none of the existing studies have applied 5G technology to DR, which will be the subject surveyed in this paper. First, the concept of DR and recent practical advances are investigated, especially the application of communication technologies to DR. Then, a comprehensive review of the cyber security, consumer privacy, and reliability of DR is presented. These topics received little attention in the past, but they will be among the most crucial factors in the future. In addition, the essential features and typical application scenarios of 5G communication are investigated. On this basis, the advantages, methods, recent advances, and implementation planning of 5G on DR are studied. Finally, the future work that must urgently be conducted in order to achieve the application of 5G to DR is discussed. This paper's application survey of 5G on DR is carried out before 5G technology enters the large-scale commercial stage, so as to provide references and guidelines for developing future 5G networks in the smart grid paradigm.
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| 22. |
- Hui, H., et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic integrated flexible regions of multi-energy industrial parks : Conceptualization and characterization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-energy industrial parks, composed of the district energy supply system and terminal industrial loads, are dominant energy consumers with over 50% occupation of total energy consumption. Considering the energy conversion in the district energy supply system and adjustment of production subtasks in terminal industrial loads, the industrial parks could provide considerable flexibility for utility multi-energy systems to deal with contingencies. However, industrial parks may have multiple uncertainties originating from the production subtasks' variability, distributed renewable energy's fluctuation, and random failures of equipment. These uncertainties could make the flexibility assessment of industrial parks unreliable, which may further exacerbate utility system risks. To address the problem, this paper innovatively proposes the concept of probabilistic integrated flexible regions and corresponding characterization approaches, which can effectively describe the credible multi-energy adjustment ability of industrial parks. First, the energy-material flows in the industrial park are modeled considering multiple uncertainties while subject to constraints such as operating limits of equipment, energy and material balancing, and production targets. Then, the modeling and calculation methods of probabilistic integrated flexible regions are given. These regions are labeled with certain probability requirements and visualized in the input multi-energy space. Using a real-world test system that produces air conditioning equipment in China, the results show that the proposed model can effectively reflect the probability characteristics of the integrated flexibility under multiple uncertainties. For this test system, the area of a highly credible integrated flexibility, represented by the probabilistic integrated flexible region with 99% probability, is about half of that obtained by the deterministic model. That is, half of the integrated flexibility evaluated by the deterministic method in the test system may not be practically utilized considering the impacts of uncertainties. Therefore, the proposed method could provide a credible and comprehensive evaluation of the multi-energy industrial park's flexibility considering multiple uncertainties.
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| 23. |
- Jiang, Sheng, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing Chromium Multioxide Hole-Selective Heterojunction for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 9:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from significant nonradiative recombination at perovskite/charge transport layer heterojunction, seriously limiting their power conversion efficiencies. Herein, solution-processed chromium multioxide (CrOx) is judiciously selected to construct a MAPbI(3)/CrOx/Spiro-OMeTAD hole-selective heterojunction. It is demonstrated that the inserted CrOx not only effectively reduces defect sites via redox shuttle at perovskite contact, but also decreases valence band maximum (VBM)-HOMO offset between perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD. This will diminish thermionic losses for collecting holes and thus promote charge transport across the heterojunction, suppressing both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination. As a result, a remarkable improvement of 21.21% efficiency with excellent device stability is achieved compared to 18.46% of the control device, which is among the highest efficiencies for polycrystalline MAPbI(3) based n-i-p planar PSCs reported to date. These findings of this work provide new insights into novel charge-selective heterojunctions for further enhancing efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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| 24. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 25. |
- Jing, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Safety benefit of cooperative control for heterogeneous traffic on-ramp merging
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transportation Safety and Environment. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2631-6765 .- 2631-4428. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety of heterogeneous traffic is a vital topic in the oncoming era of autonomous vehicles (AVs). The cooperative vehicle infrastructure system (CVIS) is considered to improve heterogeneous traffic safety by connecting and controlling AVs cooperatively, and the connected AVs are so-called connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). However, the safety impact of cooperative control strategy on the heterogeneous traffic with CAVs and human-driving vehicles (HVs) has not been well investigated. In this paper, based on the traffic simulator SUMO, we designed a typical highway scenario of on-ramp merging and adopted a cooperative control method for CAVs. We then compared the safety performance for two different heterogeneous traffic systems, i.e. AV and HV, CAV and HV, respectively, to illustrate the safety benefits of the cooperative control strategy. We found that the safety performance of the CAV and HV traffic system does not always outperform that of AV and HV. With random departSpeed and higher arrival rate, the proposed cooperative control method would decrease the conflicts significantly whereas the penetration rate is over 80%. We further investigated the conflicts in terms of the leading and following vehicle types, and found that the risk of a AV/CAV followed by a HV is twice that of a HV followed by another HV. We also considered the safety effect of communication failure, and found that there is no significant impact until the packet loss probability is greater than 30%, while communication delay's impact on safety can be ignored according to our experiments.
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