| 26. |
- Karlsson, Sune, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign Firms and Chinese Employment
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The World Economy. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 32:1, s. 178-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on employment in the Chinese manufacturing sector. As one of the world's largest recipients of FDI, China has arguably benefited from foreign multinational enterprises in various respects. However, one of the main challenges for China, and other developing countries, is job creation, and the effect of FDI on employment is uncertain. The effect depends on the amount of jobs created within foreign firms as well as the effect of FDI on employment in domestic firms. We analyse FDI and employment in China using a large sample of manufacturing firms for the period 1998–2004. Our results show that FDI has positive effects on employment growth. The relatively high employment growth in foreign firms is associated with their firm characteristics and their high survival rate. Employment growth is also relatively high in private domestic Chinese firms. There also seems to be a positive indirect effect of FDI on employment in private domestically-owned firms, presumably caused by spillovers.
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| 27. |
- Ni, Ying, et al.
(författare)
-
Exponential asymptotics for nonlinearly perturbed renewal equation with non-polynomial perturbations
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Numerical and Applied Mathematics. - Kiev : TBiMC. - 0868-6912. ; 96:1, s. 173-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The model of nonlinearly perturbedcontinuous-time renewal equation is studied in this paper.The perturbation conditions considered involve asymptoticalexpansions with respect to asymptotic scale$\{\varphi_{n,m}(\varepsilon) = \varepsilon^{n +m\omega}\}$,with $n, m$ being non-negative integers and $\omega >1$ beingirrational number. Such asymptotical scale results in non-polynomialtype of asymptotic expansions for solutions for perturbed renewalequations. An example of risk processes with perturbations describedabove and asymptotic expansions in diffusion approximation for ruinprobabilities in this model are given.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Adolfson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting performance of an open economy DSGE model
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Econometric Reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0747-4938 .- 1532-4168. ; 26:04-feb, s. 289-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the forecasting performance of an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, estimated with Bayesian methods, for the Euro area during 1994Q1-2002Q4. We compare the DSGE model and a few variants of this model to various reduced form forecasting models such as vector autoregressions (VARs) and vector error correction models (VECM), estimated both by maximum likelihood and, two different Bayesian approaches, and traditional benchmark models, e.g., the random. walk. The accuracy of point forecasts, interval forecasts and the predictive distribution as a whole are assessed in, an out-of-sample rolling event evaluation using several univariate and multivariate measures. The results show that the open economy DSGE model compares well with more empirical models and thus that the tension between, rigor and fit in older generations of DSGE models is no longer present. We also critically examine the role of Bayesian model probabilities and other frequently used low-dimensional summaries, e.g., the log determinant statistic, as measures of overall forecasting performance.
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| 30. |
- Romild, Ulla
(författare)
-
Turistens val : två studier av besökare och informationskanaler i Kramfors/Höga Kusten 1998/1999
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Turister ställs inför många val. Vilket resmål ska man åka till? Vilka aktiviteter ska man välja på en turistdestination? Hur ska man bo? Hur länge ska man stanna? Hur man gör sina val styrs av många olika anledningar; information, resesällskap och kostnader. Under två somrar har ETOUR genomfört marknadsundersökningar bland cirka 2 350 besökare i Kramfors/Höga Kusten. Resultaten från dessa finns nu i en uppdaterad populärvetenskaplig skrift med titeln Turistens val. I den första undersökningen var syftet att karlägga motiven för besöket med fokus på aktivitetsgrad och informationens betydelse. Ett tydligt resultat från denna del var att information om Höga Kusten hade kommit från vänner och bekanta. Den andra delen av undersökningen inriktade sig på att fånga Höga Kustens profil och vilken bild besökarna hade av turistdestinationen Höga Kusten. Många förknippade som väntat Höga Kusten med den speciella naturkaraktären; bergen och vattnet. Däremot nämnde överraskande få de många kända kulturella miljöerna. Gästvänlighet och service fick högt betyg av besökarna. Undersökningen visade också klart att många av besökarna saknade olika semesterpaket i området, som skulle underlätta att hitta de kulturella upplevelserna.
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| 31. |
- Tapani, Sofia, 1982
(författare)
-
Three dimensional mathematical modelling of pronuclei migration for the mouse
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main question addressed in this thesis is what happens between the moment when the sperm enters the egg and the fusion of the male and the female pronuclei. Orientation of the apposing pronuclei most likely plays a decisive role in the polarity of the developing embryo. The migration and the dependence between the pronuclei have been investigated through three different measures of correlation. It was concluded that a measure based on the projection of the movement onto the axis between the pronuclei’s centres was preferred. Two mathematical models that describe the pronuclei dynamics have been constructed in the form of stochastic differential equations. The models concern pronuclei migration from the time of the sperm entry to the fusion and spatial orientation of this fusion. First, a basic model was created. This was then developed into a refined model. The methodology consists of using stacks of confocal microscopy time-lapse images of the pronuclei migration together with statistical methods to identify realistic parameters in the models. Given different angles between the sperm entry and the position of the second polar body, the final models are then used to produce distributions of orientations of the meeting positions between the pronuclei. However, the main result is the suggested models themselves which describe the main features of the migration. The basic fitted model is based on two forces of attraction. Migration is directed towards the centre but also towards the other pronucleus. Parameter values corresponding to the size of these forces are estimated from data of both eggs treated with a microtubule inhibitor and untreated eggs. The refined model is also based on centring and attraction to the other pronucleus, but the centring is modelled into two mechanisms of pushing and pulling of the microtubule exerted forces. Simulated distributions from the models could for instance be used as initial value distributions for future models of egg cleavage.
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| 32. |
- Hussian, Mohamed, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Monotonic regression for assessment of trends in environmental quality data
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering ECCOMAS. - Jyväskylä : University of Jyväskylä, Department of Mathematical Information Technology. - 9513918688 ; , s. 1-12
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monotonic regression is a non-parametric method that is designed especially for applications in which the expected value of a response variable increases or decreases in one or more explanatory variables. Here, we show how the recently developed generalised pool-adjacent-violators (GPAV) algorithm can greatly facilitate the assessment of trends in time series of environmental quality data. In particular, we present new methods for simultaneous extraction of a monotonic trend and seasonal components, and for normalisation of environmental quality data that are influenced by random variation in weather conditions or other forms of natural variability. The general aim of normalisation is to clarify the human impact on the environment by suppressing irrelevant variation in the collected data. Our method is designed for applications that satisfy the following conditions: (i) the response variable under consideration is a monotonic function of one or more covariates; (ii) the anthropogenic temporal trend is either increasing or decreasing; (iii) the seasonal variation over a year can be defined by one increasing and one decreasing function. Theoretical descriptions of our methodology are accompanied by examples of trend assessments of water quality data and normalisation of the mercury concentration in cod muscle in relation to the length of the analysed fish.
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| 33. |
- Hjorth, Urban, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsample distribution distance and McMC convergence
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. - : Wiley. - 0303-6898 .- 1467-9469. ; 32:2, s. 313-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new measure based on comparison of empirical distributions for sub sequences or parallel runs and the full sequence of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, is proposed as a criterion of stability or convergence. The measure is also put forward as a loss function when the design of a Markov chain is optimized. The comparison is based on a Kullback-Leibler (KL) type distance over value sets defined by the output data. The leading term in a series expansion gives an interpretation in terms of the relative uncertainty of cell frequencies. The validity of this term is studied by simulation in two analytically tractable cases with Markov dependency. The agreement between the leading term and the KL-measure is close, in particular when the simulations are extensive enough for stable results. Comparisons with established criteria turn out favourably in examples studied.
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| 34. |
- Kononov, Jake, et al.
(författare)
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Use of statistical diagnostics and pattern recognition methodologies in developing safety improvement strategies
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 709-720
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last 50 years of modern road building it was somehow implied that transportation engineering professionals will always know how to treat a high accident location once it has been identified, when in reality very little is known on the subject. There is no established course of instruction at the graduate level civil engineering curriculum that provides a definitive methodology on how to relate accident causality to the roadway environment. There is also very little reliable information on this subject in research literature. In medicine physicians are taught how to diagnose diseases and treat them. However, civil engineers are only taught to administer treatment (i.e. designing road safety improvements). The authors argue that traffic safety improvement strategies would be more effective if transportation engineers were taught diagnosis (i.e. how to conduct a safety analysis of a site) as well as treatment.
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| 35. |
- Lundström, Niklas L.P. 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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On a two-phase free boundary condition for p-harmonic measures
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Manuscripta mathematica. - : Springer. - 0025-2611 .- 1432-1785. ; 129:2, s. 231-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let Ωi⊂Rn,i∈{1,2} , be two (δ, r 0)-Reifenberg flat domains, for some 0<δ<δ^ and r 0 > 0, assume Ω1∩Ω2=∅ and that, for some w∈Rn and some 0 < r, w∈∂Ω1∩∂Ω2,∂Ω1∩B(w,2r)=∂Ω2∩B(w,2r) . Let p, 1 < p < ∞, be given and let u i , i∈{1,2} , denote a non-negative p-harmonic function in Ω i , assume that u i , i∈{1,2}, is continuous in Ω¯i∩B(w,2r) and that u i = 0 on ∂Ωi∩B(w,2r) . Extend u i to B(w, 2r) by defining ui≡0 on B(w,2r)∖Ωi. Then there exists a unique finite positive Borel measure μ i , i∈{1,2} , on R n , with support in ∂Ωi∩B(w,2r) , such that if ϕ∈C∞0(B(w,2r)) , then∫Rn|∇ui|p−2⟨∇ui,∇ϕ⟩dx=−∫Rnϕdμi.Let Δ(w,2r)=∂Ω1∩B(w,2r)=∂Ω2∩B(w,2r) . The main result proved in this paper is the following. Assume that μ 2 is absolutely continuous with respect to μ 1 on Δ(w, 2r), d μ 2 = kd μ 1 for μ 1-almost every point in Δ(w, 2r) and that logk∈VMO(Δ(w,r),μ1) . Then there exists δ~=δ~(p,n)>0 , δ~<δ^ , such that if δ≤δ~ , then Δ(w, r/2) is Reifenberg flat with vanishing constant. Moreover, the special case p = 2, i.e., the linear case and the corresponding problem for harmonic measures, has previously been studied in Kenig and Toro (J Reine Angew Math 596:1–44, 2006).
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| 36. |
- Silvestrov, Dmitrii, et al.
(författare)
-
Quasi-Stationary Phenomena in Nonlinearly Perturbed Stochastic Systems
- 2008. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is devoted to studies of quasi-stationary phenomena in nonlinearly perturbed stochastic systems. New methods of asymptotic analysis for nonlinearly perturbed stochastic processes based on new types of asymptotic expansions for perturbed renewal equation and recurrence algorithms for construction of asymptotic expansions for Markov type processes with absorption are presented. Asymptotic expansions are given in mixed ergodic (for processes) and large deviation theorems (for absorption times) for nonlinearly perturbed regenerative processes, semi-Markov processes, and Markov chains. Applications to analysis of quasi-stationary phenomena in nonlinearly perturbed queueing systems, population dynamics and epidemic models, and for risk processes are presented. The book also contains an extended bibliography of works in the area.
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| 37. |
- Sundgren, David, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Shifted Dirichlet Distributions as Second-Order Probability Distributions that Factors into Marginals
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposiumon Imprecise Probability. - : SIPTA. ; , s. 405-410, s. 405-+, s. 405-410
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In classic decision theory it is assumed that a decisionmaker can assign precise numerical values corresponding to the true value of each consequence, as well as precise numerical probabilities for their occurrences. In attempting to address real-life problems, where uncertainty in the input data prevails, some kind of representation of imprecise information is important. Second-order distributions, probability distributions over probabilities, is one way to achieve such a representation. However, it is hard to intuitively understand statements in a multi-dimensional space and user statements must be provided more locally. But the information-theoretic interplay between joint and marginal distributions may give rise to unwanted effects on the global level. We consider this problem in a setting of second-order probability distributions and find a family of distributions that normalised over the probability simplex equals its own product of marginals. For such distributions, there is no flow of information between the joint distributions and the marginal distributions other than the trivial fact that the variables belong to the probability simplex.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Fridén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Online decision support and optimization for kraft paper production
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Control systems 2006 : Measurement and control: applications for the operator, Tampere, Finland, 6-8 June 2006. - Helsinki : Kopio Niini - Painoporssi. - 9525183262 ; , s. 313-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MondiPackaging Dynäs pulp & paper mill in Sweden produces strong sack and kraft paper from chemical softwood pulp. Despite good quality a project was initiated by a need for less variability in paper quality, and less energy consumption. It was known that there is variability in incoming stock, and that the HC and LC refining strategies could be improved. The aim of the project is to reduce energy consumption by 10%, and to reduce quality variation by installing a new online fibre analyzer, PulpEye, and implementing modern modelling and control methodology. We have used multivariate subspace models in combination with optimization to create an OPC based interactive application for on-line operator support and optimization of kraft paper production. The application is now installed and is under evaluation. The specific refiner energy has so far been reduced with at least 25%. The decision support application is indicating even more reduction potential.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Fridén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Using PLS models with both controlled and uncontrolled X variables for "Waht if..." prediction
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The 9th Scandinavian Symposium on Chemometrics, Reykjavik, Iceland 2005-09-30. - Ornsköldsvik : NPI. ; , s. 6-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In real-time industrial process applications, there is often a need to predict the effects of adjustments before actually effectuated. Multivariate prediction models based on historical data works fine for predictions as long as the new X data have the correlation structure preserved. This paper shows that such can anyway be used for �What if �� decision support in presence of correlated X variables, whenever it is possible to create a help model that predicts the influence of the manipulated X variables on the rest of the X variables.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Kattaneh, Nouna, et al.
(författare)
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Data pre-processing, wavelets, and OSC
- 2000
-
Ingår i: International Meeting on Chemical Engineering, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology. ACHEMA 2000, Frankfurt am Main, 22. – 27. 5. 2000.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Kettaneh, Nouna, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate modelling of batch processes
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. 8th Scandinavian symposium on chemometrics Mariehamn, Sweden, 14–18 June 2003.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Michael K., et al.
(författare)
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Bootstrapping Error Component Models
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Computational statistics (Zeitschrift). - : Physica Verlag. - 0943-4062 .- 1613-9658. ; 16:2, s. 221-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes several resampling algorithms suitable for error component models and evaluates them in the context of bootstrap testing. In short, all the algorithms work well and lead to tests with correct or close to correct size. There is thus little or no reason not to use the bootstrap with error component models.
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| 49. |
- Karlsson, Sune, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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On the power and interpretation of panel unit root tests
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 66:3, s. 249-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that panel unit root tests can have high power when a small fraction of the series is stationary and may lack power when a large fraction is stationary. The acceptance or rejection of the null is thus not sufficient evidence to conclude that all series have a unit root or that all are stationary.
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| 50. |
- Bartoszek, Krzysztof, 1984-
(författare)
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The Bootstrap and Other Methods of Testing Phylogenetic Trees
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Zeszyty Naukowe Wydzialu ETI Politechniki Gdanskiej. ; , s. 103-108
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The final step of a phylogenetic analysis is the test of the generated tree. This is not a easy task for which there is an obvious methodology because we do not know the full probabilistic model of evolution. A number of methods have been proposed but there is a wide debate concerning the interpretations of the results they produce.
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