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| 5. |
- Benson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in children with febrile urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 174:5, s. 1080-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urine and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 responses were higher in children with febrile urinary tract infection (n = 61) than in those with asymptomatic bacteriuria (n = 39). By univariate analysis, cytokine levels were related to age, sex, reflux, renal scarring, urine leukocytes, C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and bacterial properties (P fimbriae but not hemolysin). Multivariate modeling showed that urine IL-6 responds were higher in girls than boys, increased with age, and were positively associated with CRP, ESR, serum IL-6, and urine leukocyte counts. The urine IL-8 response was not influenced by age, but it was influenced by P fimbriae and was associated with ESR, CRP, urine leukocytes, and female sex. The results show that cytokine responses to urinary tract infection vary with the severity of infection and that cytokine activation is influenced by a variety of host and bacterial variables.
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| 7. |
- Boman, J, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with cardiovascular disease and in middle-aged blood donors.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 178:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) demonstrated the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC samples were obtained from 103 consecutive patients (62 male, 41 female) aged 22-85 years (mean, 64) admitted for coronary angiography because of suspected coronary heart disease and from 52 blood donors (43 male, 9 female) aged 40-64 years (mean, 49). Of the 101 evaluable patients, 60 (59%) were identified by nPCR assay as C. pneumoniae DNA carriers; C. pneumoniae-specific microimmunofluorescence (MIF) serology confirmed exposure to the bacterium in 57 (95%) of the 60 nPCR-positive patients. Among the 52 blood donors, the nPCR assay identified 24 (46%) C. pneumoniae DNA carriers, all of whom were positive by C. pneumoniae-specific serology. Thirty-two patients (32%) and 23 blood donors (44%) were MIF antibody-positive but repeatedly nPCR-negative; Bartonella henselae- or Bartonella quintana-specific antibodies were not detected among any of these subjects. In this study, C. pneumoniae DNA was common in PBMC of patients with coronary heart disease and in middle-aged blood donors.
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| 11. |
- Charpentier, E, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of antibiotic resistance in Listeria species.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 172:1, s. 277-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Listeria species pathogenic for humans and animals, 1100 isolates (60 from cases of listeriosis and 1040 from food and environment) collected worldwide were screened. Of the 61 tetracycline- and minocycline-resistant strains (37 Listeria monocytogenes), 57 harbored tet(M); 4 non-L. monocytogenes isolates contained tet(S). One Listeria innocua isolate was also resistant to streptomycin and contained the tet(M) and aad6 genes. An L. monocytogenes isolate was trimethoprim-resistant, a characteristic not reported previously in Listeria species, because of the presence of a yet-uncharacterized gene. Three clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes were resistant to low levels of streptomycin. Since the tet(M), tet(S), and aad6 genes are common in enterococci and streptococci, these data suggest transfer from the latter to Listeria species. Uniform susceptibility to tetracycline, minocycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin cannot be assumed any longer for Listeria species.
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| 12. |
- Chu, Y K, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-neutralization of hantaviruses with immune sera from experimentally infected animals and from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome patients.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 172:6, s. 1581-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plaque-reduction neutralization tests were done with eight of nine known representative hantaviruses and immune sera from experimentally infected animals and from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Results obtained with animal sera demonstrated each virus to be antigenically unique. Neutralization with the HPS patient sera was highest with Sin Nombre (SN) virus and to a lesser extent with Black Creek Canal (BCC) virus. Sera from Korean HFRS patients reacted best with Hantaan virus, but cross-reactivity with all other viruses except Thottapalayam (TPM) virus was also observed. Sera from Swedish HFRS patients reacted best with Puumala virus but cross-reacted with Prospect Hill, SN, and BCC viruses and to a lesser extent with all of the other viruses except TPM virus.
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| 14. |
- Dahl, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 during pregnancy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 180:6, s. 2035-2038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy and transmission of the viruses to the fetus were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology. In all, 104 blood samples were obtained 3 times during pregnancy and once at delivery. In another 107 women, samples were obtained only at delivery. Cord blood samples were obtained from both groups of women. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 41%-44% of the samples during months 3-8 of pregnancy, in 25% at delivery, and in 24% of age-matched controls. HHV-6 DNA was found in 1.0% of the cord blood samples. CMV DNA was detected in 1.7% of leukocytes from 104 pregnant women but in no cord blood sample. IgG antibodies to HHV-6 were found in 96% and CMV IgG in 62.5% of the women. HHV-6 IgG titers were significantly higher in HHV-6 PCR-positive women. Thus, HHV-6 reactivation seems common during pregnancy, and transfer of HHV-6 to the fetus may occur in approximately 1% of pregnancies.
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| 21. |
- Frey, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Interference of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen in a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 180:6, s. 2018-2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized trial comparing 3 manufacturing consistency lots of a combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine to each other and to hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine given separately and concurrently was done to evaluate safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Healthy volunteers >/=11 years of age were divided into 4 groups. Each of 3 groups received a separate consistency lot of the combination vaccine, and 1 group received separate but concurrent injections of hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. Injections were given at weeks 0 and 24. The combination vaccine was generally well tolerated. The hepatitis A portion of the combination vaccine produced clinically acceptable high seropositivity rates 4 and 52 weeks after the first injection. The hepatitis B portion of the vaccine did not produce clinically acceptable seropositivity rates 4 weeks after the second injection. Lack of antibody production may be attributed, at least in part, to immunologic interference.
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| 24. |
- Haraoka, Masashi, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil recruitment and resistance to urinary tract infection
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 180:4, s. 1220-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the role of neutrophil leukocytes for the antibacterial defense at mucosal infection sites. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was established by injection into the bladder lumen of Escherichia coli 1177, a fully virulent clinical isolate. Infection of C3H/HeN (lpsn, lpsn) mice recruited neutrophils into the urinary tract, and bacteria were cleared from kidneys and bladders. The neutrophil response was absent in C3H/HeJ (lpsd, lpsd) mice, and bacteria persisted in the tissues. Peripheral neutrophil depletion of C3H/HeN mice was subsequently achieved by pretreatment with the granulocyte-specific antibody RB6-8C5. The E. coli-induced neutrophil recruitment was inhibited, as shown by immunohistochemistry and tissue myeloperoxidase quantitation. As a consequence, bacterial clearance from kidneys and bladders was drastically impaired. Antibody treatment of C3H/HeJ mice had only a marginal effect. The results show that neutrophils are essential for bacterial clearance from the urinary tract and that the neutrophil recruitment deficiency in C3H/HeJ mice explains their susceptibility to gram-negative UTI.
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| 28. |
- Janson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the ciliated epithelium of protein D-producing and -nonproducing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in nasopharyngeal tissue cultures
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 180:3, s. 737-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pair of isogenic, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strains, one expressing protein D and the other protein D-negative, was compared in their ability to cause damage in a human nasopharyngeal tissue culture model. Damage was assessed by measuring the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of tissue specimens at 12 h intervals. Cultures inoculated with H. influenzae manifested a decrease in CBF beginning after 12 h, with a maximum decrease after 36 h. The impairment of ciliary function by the protein D-expressing strain was significantly greater than that caused by the protein D-negative mutant (P<.01). Tissue specimens examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after 24 h appeared normal. After 48 h of incubation, the protein D-expressing strain caused a significant loss of cilia. These findings suggest that protein D is involved in the pathogenesis of upper respiratory tract infections due to nontypeable H. influenzae, probably by enhancing functional and morphological damage to cilia.
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| 30. |
- Karpman, D, et al.
(författare)
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The role of lipopolysaccharide and Shiga-like toxin in a mouse model of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 175:3, s. 20-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga-like toxin (SLT) in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was studied in a mouse model. Mice inoculated intragastrically with Escherichia coli O157:H7 developed gastrointestinal, neurologic, and systemic symptoms, necrotic foci in the colon, glomerular and tubular histopathology, and fragmented erythrocytes. LPS-responder (C3H/HeN) mice developed a combination of neurologic and systemic symptoms, whereas LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice had a biphasic course of disease, first developing systemic symptoms and later severe neurologic symptoms. Mice inoculated with SLT-II-positive strains developed severe neurotoxic symptoms and a higher frequency of systemic symptoms and glomerular pathology compared with SLT-II-negative strains. Anti-SLT-II antibodies protected against these symptoms and pathology. These results demonstrate that this model could be used to study aspects of human HUS and that both LPS and SLT are important for disease development.
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| 35. |
- Linderholm, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 173:1, s. 38-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma levels of cytokines were measured by EIA in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a European form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of IL-10 was increased in most. TNF-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized. TNF-alpha was undetectable by the WEHI cell assay in serum samples obtained throughout the acute phase of disease. Serum levels of the two soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 correlated with levels of the cytokine, indicating that receptor binding may be the reason for lack of bioactivity in vitro. TNF-alpha is known to induce pathophysiologic and clinical changes similar to those seen in nephropathia epidemica and in diseases caused by other hantaviruses.
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| 36. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers.
- 1999
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 179:4, s. 775-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virus load and liver damage, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology activity index, were related to genotype and core promoter mutations in 43 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers of East Asian origin. T-1762 mutants were more frequent in genotype C strains and were associated with more inflammation (P=.0036) and fibrosis (P=.0088) of the liver but not with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or virus load. Conversely, precore mutations were associated with less liver inflammation (P=. 08), which was linked to HBeAg negativity and lower viral replication. Carriers with genotype C were more often HBeAg positive (P=.03) with precore wild type strains and more-severe liver inflammation (P=.009) than were those with genotype B. These findings suggest that pathogenic differences between genotypes may exist and that the T-1762 mutation may be useful as a marker for progressive liver damage but seem to contradict that down-regulation of HBeAg production is the major effect of this mutation.
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| 38. |
- LINDKVIST, P, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori infection and foreign travel
- 1995
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 172:4, s. 1135-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Plos, Kaety, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal carriage of P fimbriated Escherichia coli and the susceptibility to urinary tract infection in young children.
- 1995
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 171:3, s. 625-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective study analyzed the intestinal carriage of P fimbriated Escherichia coli as a host susceptibility factor in urinary tract infection (UTI). P fimbriation was defined by the pap and G adhesin (papG1A2, prsGJ96) genotypes. Children with UTI carried pap+ E. coli in the fecal flora more often than healthy controls both at diagnosis (86% vs. 29%) and during infection-free intervals (approximately 40%; P < .01). P1 blood group-positive children carried pap+ E. coli in the fecal flora more often (88%) than those with P2 blood group (40%; P < .05). A pap+ E. coli strain caused UTI in 53 of 55 patients who carried both pap+ and pap- strains in their fecal flora. These results suggest that persons who develop UTI have an increased tendency to carry pap+ E. coli in the large intestine and that these pap+ E. coli cause UTI more often than pap E. coli strains in the fecal flora of the same host.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Riepenhoff-Talty, M., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of group C rotavirus in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 174:1, s. 8-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine liver tissue from patients with cholestatic disease for the presence of group C rotavirus RNA. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genes 5 and 6 was used, and the PCR products were subjected to liquid hybridization with a 32P-labeled probe. A second amplification with nested primers was also used. Samples from 32 subjects (20 with biliary atresia or choledochal cyst and 12 controls) were tested. Ten of 20 biliary atresia patients were positive for group C rotavirus RNA; no controls were positive (P < .003). Three of the positive patients were positive for both genes 5 and 6. Six of the 10 had > 1 sample that was positive. These data suggest a possible relationship between group C rotavirus and extrahepatic biliary atresia in the 10 patients in whom virus RNA was detected.
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| 47. |
- Ryan, M, et al.
(författare)
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Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection in children is associated with preferential activation of type 1 T helper cells.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 175:5, s. 1246-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis generated following recovery from whooping cough in childhood has not yet been elucidated. Studies with a murine respiratory infection model have indicated that cellular immunity, mediated by Th1 cells, plays a role in the clearance of a primary infection with B. pertussis and in protection against subsequent challenge. In the present study, the induction of B. pertussis-specific Th cell subsets in children was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from B. pertussis-infected or convalescent children proliferated and secreted cytokines following antigen stimulation in vitro. In contrast, responses were weak or undetectable in the majority of children who had not been infected or vaccinated. In all cases, responding T cells produced interferon-gamma but low or undetectable interleukin-5. The findings suggest that Th1 cells may play a role in protective immunity generated following infection with B. pertussis in children.
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