| 1. |
- Sundgren, Pia C., et al.
(författare)
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Spinal Post-operative Complications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Emergency Radiology of the Head and Spine. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2197-4187 .- 0942-5373. - 9783030910464 - 9783030910471 ; , s. 431-441
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complications to spinal surgery are not uncommon. The type of complications may, in part, vary depending on the surgical procedure. Some complications may occur during the intraoperative procedure, while others are considered to be delayed and occur during the post-surgical recovery phase. The present chapter will focus on the more common acute and delayed post-operative complications related to spinal surgery.
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| 2. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim
(författare)
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Neuroimaging in patients with dysphagia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. ; , s. 497-506
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing availability of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patients with dysphagia are nowadays often investigated with these modalities in order to localize a possible site of injury causing dysphagia. However, these radiological modalities often reveal some abnormalities especially in elderly patients, and the correlation of these findings with clinical symptoms needs therefore a good knowledge about the anatomy of different structures involved in swallowing. Beside description of these different anatomical structures and the most common pathological conditions that cause dysphagia, this chapter is also enriched with illustrative radiological images, often at the axial plane that radiologists are familiar with.
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| 3. |
- Ekberg, Olle
(författare)
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Imaging techniques and some principles of interpretation (including radiation physics)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2197-4187 .- 0942-5373. ; , s. 317-331
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiologic examination of the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus should focus on bolus transportation as well as on registration of morphodynamic events. The examination should be custom-tailored to the patient’s symptoms but should also be performed in a rather standardized way. The radiologic findings should always be compared to the patient’s specific symptoms.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Jan
(författare)
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Surgery in benign oesophageal disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. ; , s. 603-631
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern approach to benign oesophageal disease comprises endoscopic, laparoscopic and open surgical procedures. The indication for a surgical procedure is in some patients obvious, but in some patients less clear. It is important for patients and for healthcare professionals to have equal goals and expectations of a surgical procedure. The aim of this chapter is to convey to the reader a surgeon’s view on the limitations of surgery for benign oesophageal disease without technical discussions of less interest to non-surgical professionals. Incidence, pathogenesis, imaging, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, treatment, side effects and complications are discussed for most of the common benign disorders such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hernias, strictures, achalasia, eosinophilic oesophagitis, diverticula, haemorrhage, foreign bodies and perforations. Symptoms, and objective findings of failed open or minimally invasive surgical procedures, commonly known by operating surgeons only, are briefly discussed and related to normal postoperative expectations and findings.
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| 5. |
- Johnsson, Åse (Allansdotter), 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Incidental findings and their handling in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioimage study (SCAPIS)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Incidental Radiological Findings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. - 9783319425818 - 9783319425795 - 9783319826127 ; , s. 91-101
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, large-scale proteomics/metabolomics/genomics, and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30,000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. Its main aims are to improve risk prediction and to optimize our ability to study mechanisms of cardiopulmonary diseases. SCAPIS is currently recruiting at six sites in Sweden, and a pilot study was conducted in 2012 to test the feasibility of the comprehensive study protocol. In the planning phase, it was recognized that the detailed phenotyping used in SCAPIS would identify a large number of clinical findings in need of medical attention. This was confirmed by evaluation of results from the pilot study. Here we focus on pulmonary nodules and asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis. These clinical features were observed in a large number of participants, and the clinical handing and prognosis related to these observations are unclear. They thus posed great challenges for the study in their practical and ethical handling. This chapter describes how we developed procedures to handle these findings based on existing evidence and expert consensus as well as deliberations on ethical issues.
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| 6. |
- Ohlsson, Bodil
(författare)
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Irritable bowel syndrome and dysphagia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. ; , s. 149-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional gastrointestinal disorders constitute a set of gastrointestinal disorders with absence of obvious organic and physiological dysfunctions observed in clinical routine examinations. The functional disorders are divided into many subclasses, e.g., functional esophageal disorders and functional bowel disorders. The diagnoses are set when the patients fulfil the Rome IV criteria after a careful anamnestic history and exclusion of organic diseases in appropriate investigations. The disorders have a high prevalence in the population worldwide, but are of a benign nature. The etiology and pathophysiology are unknown, but environmental factors, genetics, and psychosocial factors seem to be of importance. Visceral hypersensitivity and hyperalgesia are found. There is a great comorbidity between different functional gastrointestinal disorders, and between these disorders and other chronic pain syndromes characterized by central hypersensitivity, which are all included in the term somatic symptom disorder. The most common of the functional bowel disorders is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), characterized by abdominal pain in association with altered bowel habits. Functional esophageal disorders represent functional chest pain, functional heartburn, reflux hypersensitivity, globus, and functional dysphagia. The most important in the treatment of these conditions are confirmation and reassurance of the symptoms and their benign nature. Dietary advices and symptomatic drug treatment against specific symptoms are the first line of prescription. If these interventions do not improve symptoms, prescription of antidepressants and psychological and behavioral therapy are recommended.
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| 7. |
- Stene, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of enteral nutrition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. ; , s. 793-811
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many neurological diseases are followed by a disturbance of nutritional intake to some extent and thus constitute the most common indication for nutritional support and enteral access. Several studies have shown that malnutrition is a common condition, with as many as 40% of admitted patients being identified as undernourished and 78% of these further found to be deteriorated in their nutritional status during hospital stay (McWirtrer and Pennington, BMJ 308:945–948, 1994). Malnutrition, being a preventable disorder, is thus of great importance to identify patients at risk of malnutrition and prevent impairment of nutritional status. With adequate nutritional care, improved healing is augmented, resulting in better care and quality of life, lowered costs due to reduced length of hospital stay, fewer complications, and decreased mortality. Gut starvation hampers the immunological response. Even small amounts of enteral nutrition maintain gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and improve barrier function, thus minimizing immunological complications and enhancing clinical recovery.
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| 8. |
- Hellström, Mikael, 1950
(författare)
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Incidental findings on abdominal CT
- 2017
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Ingår i: Incidental Radiological Findings. - Cham : Springer. - 0942-5373. ; , s. 127-168
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal CT examinations usually cover the entire abdomen and pelvis, including all organs and tissues in the intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, extraperitoneal/pelvic spaces, as well as the extra-abdominal soft tissues; bony structures of the spine, sacrum, pelvis, and hips; and lower part of the chest including parts of the lungs and pleural spaces. The multitude of organs and tissues involved makes abdominal CT reading complex and allows for a multitude of incidental findings that may be of degenerative, neoplastic, or other etiologies. Although scanning is sometimes limited to only the “abdomen” or only the “pelvis,” “abdominal CT” in this chapter refers to abdominal-pelvic CT, i.e., both compartments. © 2017, Springer International publishing Switzerland.
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