| 1. |
- Hoover, Fushcia-Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Why go green? Comparing rationales and planning criteria for green infrastructure in US city plans
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Landscape and Urban Planning. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green infrastructure is an increasingly popular urban sustainability strategy, widely promoted for its ability to provide multiple benefits. We examined 120 planning documents from 19 U.S. cities to identify if and how the stated benefits that cities use within their rationales for green infrastructure programs (rationale statements) align with the criteria used to site green infrastructure at the neighborhood scale (siting statements). Our findings suggest that many of the desired benefits stated in the rationales for green infrastructure lack corresponding and specific siting criteria. This was particularly evident for rationale statements concerning social and cultural ecosystem services, seemingly because certain benefits, especially those related to stormwater management, are prioritized over other green infrastructure services. While multiple benefits remain a dominant rationale for green infrastructure in the cities analyzed, including stormwater management, social cohesion, and biodiversity benefits, siting criteria were dominated by stormwater management, available locations, and other logistical considerations. These findings indicate a large-scale misalignment between the multifunctional ideal of urban green infrastructure and the procedures used to implement green infrastructure programs. We conclude with a discussion of how siting criteria and processes can be elaborated to deliver the desired benefits of green infrastructure.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hop, Paul J., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide study of DNA methylation shows alterations in metabolic, inflammatory, and cholesterol pathways in ALS
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 14:633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with an estimated heritability between 40 and 50%. DNA methylation patterns can serve as proxies of (past) exposures and disease progression, as well as providing a potential mechanism that mediates genetic or environmental risk. Here, we present a blood-based epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis in 9706 samples passing stringent quality control (6763 patients, 2943 controls). We identified a total of 45 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) annotated to 42 genes, which are enriched for pathways and traits related to metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and immunity. We then tested 39 DNA methylation-based proxies of putative ALS risk factors and found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, white blood cell proportions, and alcohol intake were independently associated with ALS. Integration of these results with our latest genome-wide association study showed that cholesterol biosynthesis was potentially causally related to ALS. Last, DNA methylation at several DMPs and blood cell proportion estimates derived from DNA methylation data were associated with survival rate in patients, suggesting that they might represent indicators of underlying disease processes potentially amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mice Lacking 12/15-Lipoxygenase have Attenuated Airway Allergic Inflammation and Remodeling.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1535-4989. ; 39:6, s. 648-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1 has been implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. The overall effect of 15-LO in allergic inflammation in vivo is, however, unclear. This study investigates systemic allergen sensitization and local allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in mice lacking the murine 12/15-LO, the ortholog to human 15-LO-1. Upon systemic sensitization with intraperitoneal ovalbumin, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice produced elevated levels of allergen-specific IgE compared to wild type (Wt) controls. However, when challenged with repeated aerosolized allergen sensitized 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had an impaired development of airway allergic inflammation compared to Wt controls, as indicated by reduced BAL fluid leukocytes (eosinophils, lymphocytes macrophages) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) as well as tissue eosinophils. Allergen-induced airway epithelial proliferation was also significantly attenuated in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice whereas goblet cell hyperplasia was unaffected. However, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had significantly reduced luminal mucus secretions compared to Wt controls. The repeated allergen challenges resulted in a dramatic increase of alpha-smooth muscle-actin positive alveolar cells in the peripheral airways, a phenomenon that was significantly less developed in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that 12/15 LO(-/-) mice, although having a fully developed systemic sensitization, did not establish a fully developed allergic airway inflammation and associated manifestations of central and peripheral airway remodeling. These data suggest that 12/15-LO derived metabolites play an important pathophysiological role in allergen-induced inflammation and remodeling. Hence, pharmacologic targeting of the human 15-LO-1 may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and remodeling in asthma.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Michael, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Product set phenomena for countable groups
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Mathematics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2082 .- 0001-8708. ; 275, s. 47-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop in this paper novel techniques to analyze local combinatorial structures in product sets of two subsets of a countable group which are "large" with respect to certain classes of (not necessarily invariant) means on the group. Our methods heavily utilize the theory of C*-algebras and random walks on groups. As applications of our methods, we extend and quantify a series of recent results by Jin, Bergelson-Furstenberg-Weiss, Beiglbock-Bergelson-Fish, Griesmer and Di Nasso-Lupini to general countable groups.
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| 6. |
- Borroto-Escuela, Dasiel O., et al.
(författare)
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Preferential activation by galanin 1-15 fragment of the GalR1 protomer of a GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complex
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 452:3, s. 347-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three cloned galanin receptors show a higher affinity for galanin than for galanin N-terminal fragments. Galanin fragment (1-15) binding sites were discovered in the rat Central Nervous System, especially in dorsal hippocampus, indicating a relevant role of galanin fragments in central galanin communication. The hypothesis was introduced that these N-terminal galanin fragment preferring sites are formed through the formation of GalR1-GalR2 heteromers which may play a significant role in mediating galanin fragment (1-15) signaling. In HEK293T cells evidence for the existence of GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were obtained with proximity ligation and BRET2 assays. PLA positive blobs representing GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were also observed in the raphe-hippocampal system. In CRE luciferase reporter gene assays, galanin (1-15) was more potent than galanin (1-29) in inhibiting the forskolin-induced increase of luciferase activity in GalR1-GalR2 transfected cells. The inhibition of CREB by 50 nM of galanin (1-15) and of galanin (1-29) was fully counteracted by the non-selective galanin antagonist M35 and the selective GalR2 antagonist M871. These results suggested that the orthosteric agonist binding site of GalR1 protomer may have an increased affinity for the galanin (115) vs galanin (1-29) which can lead to its demonstrated increase in potency to inhibit CREB vs galanin (1-29). In contrast, in NFAT reporter gene assays galanin (1-29) shows a higher efficacy than galanin (115) in increasing Gq/11 mediated signaling over the GalR2 of these heteroreceptor complexes. This disbalance in the signaling of the GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes induced by galanin (1-15) may contribute to depression-like actions since GalR1 agonists produce such effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Dhal, Sunita, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming Modern? Clean Energy Technology and Gender Empowerment in Rural Odisha
- 2016
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Ingår i: SASNET Conference: Modern Matters: Negotiating the Future of Everyday Life in South Asia, University of Lund, 20-22 September 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globalisation and resistance to these changes are one set of factors affecting gender inequality, others such as struggles with caste, class and other traditional patriarchies that intersect with gender to define women’s lived experiences of interlocking vulnerabilities are still persisting. In this respect, the tenets of modernity seem alluring and attractive with their promises of unimagined opportunities for contestation and re-negotiation of gender relations in both the private and public domains. Such generalised understandings of gender inequality are problematic especially in the context of rural women in India. Research based on western indicators tends to under-estimate improvements in women’s empowerment. As a result, stereotypical perceptions of under-educated, low-incomed rural women as ignorant, vulnerable passive victims of modernisation without agency continue to persist. In the context of development in India, improving access to modern energy technology is seen as a potential means of empowering women. However, how the adoption of modern technology contributes to women’s empowerment remains unexplored. For example, we know that technology has empowering potential but whether it actually leads to changes in choices within homes and how this relates to changes in division of tasks and gender roles and relations requires further research. The paper reports on fieldwork conducted with women and families in Odisha 2014. The findings suggest that implementation of clean energy technology was conditional on two factors, the choice of technology adopted and access to credit customized to women’s needs. The findings further suggest that whether women accept the new technology and how they chose to use it depended on family type, family size as well as local customs and traditions. We conclude that although the introduction of modern technology has the potential to improve empowerment of women in rural areas on its own it does not necessarily lead to westernised versions of gender equality, instead understandings of gender equality and empowerment are social and cultural specific and has to be evaluated at the level of the society where the intervention takes place.
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| 8. |
- Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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New onychochilid mollusks from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltica and Laurentia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleontology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3360 .- 1937-2337. ; 95:1, s. 106-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new sinistrally coiled univalved mollusk Catalanispira n. gen. is described with two species; Catalanispira reinwaldti (Öpik, 1930) from the Middle Ordovician Kõgekallas Formation (Darriwilian) of Estonia and Catalanispira plattevillensis n. gen. n. sp. from the Upper Ordovician Platteville Formation (Sandbian) of northern Illinois, USA. Morphological features include a large, low-trochiform shell, a narrow lenticular aperture, a deep funnel-like umbilicus, a falcate inner lip and a large (1.4 mm wide) protoconch. Ornamentation consists of fine commarginal growth lines or ribs but superimposed on a slightly irregular shell surface. Catalanispira n. gen. is placed within the sinistrally coiled order Mimospirida and the family Onychochilidae, and Catalanispirinae n. subfam. is proposed. The large Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) Pelecyogyra Ebbestad and Lefebvre, 2015 from Morocco and France is transferred to this new subfamily. The well-preserved initial growth stage of Catalanispira plattevillensis n. gen. n. sp. is cap-shaped, slightly asymmetrical, unusually large, and smooth, and represents either an unusually large embryonic shell (protoconch 1) or a larval shell (protoconch 2). It differs from the smaller protoconch described for the clisospirine Mimospira Koken in Koken and Perner, 1925, which might include a multiwhorled larval shell (protoconch 2). Mimospirids are dominantly Ordovician, and have been classified as untorted mollusks (only distantly related to gastropods), dextral hyperstrophic gastropods, or sinistral orthostrophic gastropods. Sinistral asymmetry already in the embryonic shell and lack of conclusive evidence for coiling direction, e.g., an operculum, could suggest that Catalanispira n. gen. or similar mimosprids were sinistral orthostrophic gastropods. Currently the group is therefore classified as a group of sinistral orthostrophic gastropods, unranked within the Gastropoda.
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| 9. |
- Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Stratigraphy of the Ediacaran and basal Cambrian of the Digermulen Peninsula, Northern Norway
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol 47.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The succession of the Digermulen Peninsula in Finnmark, northern Norway, is the only fossiliferous site inScandinavia with sedimentation across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition without a significant hiatus. Geologicalinvestigations started in the 1930’s, but the Peninsula was first mapped in the 60’s. Ediacara-type fossils werefirst discovered in the late 80’s but recent discoveries will establish the Digermulen Peninsula as one of the mostsignificant Ediacaran sites in northern Europe. The parautochthonous strata are exposed in the Tanafjord areaalong the coast and in valleys on the east side of the Peninsula. The beds dip slightly to the west with the strikefollowing the coastline (ca. 045°). The Ediacaran succession is close to 1000 m thick and dominantly siliciclastic.It starts with interglacial sediments of the Nyborg Formation (tentatively the earliest Ediacaran), overlying astacked succession of diamictites of the Cryogenian Smalfjord Formation. After a hiatus follows the glaciogenicdiamictites of the Mortensnes Formation (~60 m thick), which is commonly seen to represent the ~582 Ma-oldGaskiers glaciation. Upwards, the contact to the overlying Stáhpogiedde Formation is not exposed locally, but hasbeen shown to represent a hiatus followed by transitional fluvial to marine sediments of the Lillevannet Member.Ediacaran-type fossils appear in the succeeding Innerelva Member. This is a two-cycle deepening upwardssuccession of laminated mudstone with intercalated sand bodies showing load structures. Preliminary microfossilssamples of the Member have so far proven almost barren, making dating more challenging. The basal part of thesucceeding Manndraperelva Member consists of three cycles; first a succession of reddish sandstone followed bytwo coarsening-upward cycles. Each starts with mudstone and fine sandstone and terminates in cross-beddedsandstone. The Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is located within the third cycle, identified by the trace fossilTreptichnus pedum and associated trilobed trace fossils.The Digermulen Early Life Research Group has since2011 made significant new finds, and focused fieldwork aims to resolve tighter age constraints, provenance of thesediments and the range and diversity of the extended Ediacaran biota.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Eckerdal, Maria
(författare)
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Jul i Ukraina
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svensk Pastoraltidskrift. - Stockholm. ; 23, s. 5-8:47, s. 28-29
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kirkegaard, Camilla, 1977-
(författare)
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Adding Challenge to a Teachable Agent in a Virtual Learning Environment
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this thesis concerns what happens when challenging behavior is added to a teachable agent in a virtual learning environment. The aim of adding challenging behavior to teachable agents is to encourage students to engage in learning behaviors, improve their motivation and engagement, which may result in a deeper level of comprehension and an improved learning experience. We conducted an explorative user study, using Guardian of History, a teachable agent learning environment in history. We analyzed data from 146 students, 11-12 years old, from a Swedish school. The students were assigned to two different agent conditions: traditional teachable agent (TA) or a challenging TA (CTA). The conditions were also balanced with respect to the students’ level of self-efficacy. The CTA exhibited the following challenging behaviors: 1) introduction of error, 2) rejection of correct facts, and 3) proposal of a higher level of difficulty. Students who used the challenging TA and also had a high level of self-efficacy performed better in the CTA condition and students with a low level of self-efficacy reached better academic achievement in the traditional TA condition. Students did not experience the learning-by-teaching effects different by the introduced challenging TA behaviors. Students within the CTA condition got better at responding to challenging TA behavior, than students in the TA condition. The CTA behavior “rejection of correct facts” was better received than the “rejection of correct”, this suggests that a challenging TA may benefit to a larger degree by questioning rather than by introducing errors.
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| 18. |
- Kirkegaard, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Ascribed Gender and Characteristics of a Visually Androgynous Teachable Agent.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Intelligent Virtual Agents : 14th International Conference, IVA 2014, Boston, MA, USA, August 27-29, 2014, Proceedings / Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783319097664 - 9783319097671 ; 8637, s. 232-235
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter explores how users ascribe gender to a visually androgynous teachable agent, and if and how the ascribed gender can influence the perceived personality characteristics of the agent. Previous studies have shown positive effects of using agents with more neutral or androgynous appearances, for instance, a more gender neutral agent evoked more positive attitudes on females than did a more stereotypical female agent [1] and androgynous agents were less abused than female agents [2]. Another study showed that even though an agent was visually androgynous, the user typically ascribed a gender to it [3].
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| 19. |
- Nordgren, Line, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Subgroups of Patients With Eating Disorders Based on Emotion Dysregulation Profiles : A Factor Mixture Modeling Approach to Classification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - Washington, United States : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 34:4, s. 367-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with eating disorders (ED; N = 857) could be empirically classified into qualitatively distinct subgroups based on their emotion dysregulation profiles. A series of increasingly complex models (factor analysis; FA, latent class analysis; LCA, and factor mixture models; FMM) were evaluated to determine whether the structure of psychopathology was best characterized by emotional dysregulation subtypes, dimensions, or a combination of the two. The subscales of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale were used as indicators. Data were split into an exploratory and confirmatory dataset, and the best-fitting models in the exploratory set were compared and validated against clinically relevant variables in the confirmatory set. Results confirmed that individuals could be grouped into three latent classes that were clearly distinguishable on ED pathology and psychiatric comorbidity. Specifically, individuals belonging to the class with more severe emotion dysregulation had higher levels of ED pathology and were more likely to engage in vomiting and binge eating as well as substance abuse and self-harm. These results provide initial support for emotional dysregulation profiling as a viable transdiagnostic approach to classification in the field of EDs.
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| 20. |
- Oats, Lynne, et al.
(författare)
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Co-operative compliance : The UK Case – playing the long game
- 2019
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The UK approach to interactions between HMRC and large businesses is incremental. The origins of co-operative compliance pre-date the merger between the former Inland Revenue and Her Majesty’s Customs and Excise to form HMRC, but were given impetus by the formation of the combined large business unit, now the Large Business Directorate.Over the course of the last 13 years, a number of shifts have occurred including additional regulatory requirements and increased public scrutiny and political attention, all of which have influenced the trajectory of co-operative compliance regime. This study draws heavily on information provided by knowledgeable interviewees who shared their views with us during 2015, 16 and 17.We find that initial enthusiasm for co-operative compliance was shared by both HMRC and large businesses for whom speedier processes and more collaborative working represented efficiency gains. The increased publicity around the tax affairs of large corporates and the performance of HMRC subsequent to 2012, however, precipitated a number of legislative and procedural changes that served to dampen the enthusiasm, particularly from the business point of view. These include the Senior Accounting Officer regime and the requirement to publish a Tax Strategy, the former concerned with the internal control processes of large corporates and the latter to trigger behavioural change through public exposure with reputational consequences.2018 sees a recalibration of the risk review process that will facilitate reconsideration of the terms of engagement between large business and HMRC. We anticipate that co-operative compliance, like many regulatory initiatives, will continue to evolve in response to pressures both internal and external to HMRC, and that the role of technology will be both a blessing and a curse in the quest for continued collaboration.
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| 21. |
- Popova, Svetlana N, et al.
(författare)
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Subtyping of gliomas of various WHO grades by the application of immunohistochemistry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Histopathology. - : Wiley. - 0309-0167 .- 1365-2559. ; 64:3, s. 365-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsIn 2010, four subtypes (classical, proneural, mesenchymal, and neural) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were defined by molecular genetic analyses. The objective of this study was to assess whether gliomas, independently of the type and grade, could be subdivided into protein-based subtypes.Methods and resultsA tissue microarray (TMA) approach was applied to incorporate tissue samples of low-grade and high-grade gliomas into five TMAs. High expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, c-MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, p53, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 with the R132H mutation were assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Glioma could be subdivided into four subtypes by IHC. The majority of the low-grade gliomas were of the proneural subtype, i.e. high p53 expression (63% of grade II). The classical subtype, with high EGFR and low p53 expression, was most common in GBMs (39%), followed by the proneural (29%) and mesenchymal (with high CD44 and MERTK expression) (29%) subtypes, a frequency that is in line with previously published data based on molecular genetics.ConclusionsAssessment of the expression of the five proteins EGFR, CD44, MERTK, p53 and OLIG2 is sufficient for subtyping gliomas, and can be recommended for implementation in clinical practice for both low-grade and high-grade gliomas.
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| 22. |
- Strand, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Disinformation campaigns about LGBTI+ people in the EU and foreign influence
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this briefing is to give a concise overview of disinformation, misinformation and propaganda campaigns about LGBTI+ persons and rights, originating from or being supported and/or multiplied by actors outside the EU. Based on a review of existing literature, the briefing examines the main narratives used, supported and circulated, as well as which actors or group of actors are involved. Where available, information on methods, funding and impacts on European values is provided. The main narratives identified include negative othering, opposing a ‘gender ideology’, ‘heteroactivism’, restoring a ‘natural’ order, ‘colonialism’ and child safety. The briefing concludes that there is a need for more research, further harmonisation of legal frameworks, the scrutiny of financial flows and strengthened capacity to detect disinformation, misinformation, propaganda and hate speech.
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| 23. |
- Svantesson, Mats, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Get a New Perspective on EEG: Convolutional Neural Network Encoders for Parametric t-SNE
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a method for reducing high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional representation, and is mostly used for visualizing data. In parametric t-SNE, a neural network learns to reproduce this mapping. When used for EEG analysis, the data are usually first transformed into a set of features, but it is not known which features are optimal. The principle of t-SNE was used to train convolutional neural network (CNN) encoders to learn to produce both a high- and a low-dimensional representation, eliminating the need for feature engineering. To evaluate the method, the Temple University EEG Corpus was used to create three datasets with distinct EEG characters: (1) wakefulness and sleep; (2) interictal epileptiform discharges; and (3) seizure activity. The CNN encoders produced low-dimensional representations of the datasets with a structure that conformed well to the EEG characters and generalized to new data. Compared to parametric t-SNE for either a short-time Fourier transform or wavelet representation of the datasets, the developed CNN encoders performed equally well in separating categories, as assessed by support vector machines. The CNN encoders generally produced a higher degree of clustering, both visually and in the number of clusters detected by k-means clustering. The developed principle is promising and could be further developed to create general tools for exploring relations in EEG data.
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| 24. |
- Tsakiris, Theofanis, 1997-
(författare)
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Investigation of hydrogenated V-based systems using ions and photons, a step towards in-situ IBA of metal hydrides
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metal hydrides, based on transition metals, are a promising class of materials for hydrogen storage purposes. Understanding the effects of finite size and the presence of surfaces and interfaces in thermodynamics of hydrogen in these materials is an important step towards engineering hydride-based storage systems. In this work, hydride systems based on vanadium were studied by means of ion beam analysis (IBA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical experiments. A series of thin vanadium films was grown using magnetron sputtering, with the aim of optimizing the growth conditions of the vanadium layer and improving the crystallinity of the produced films. Moreover, the correlation between the optical transmittance and the hydrogen concentration, probed through nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), of a Cr/V superlattice was studied, as a part of an on-going, large-scale investigation of proximity effects. Finally, motivated by the implications caused by the loss of hydrogen during the ex-situ hydrogenation and ion irradiation, a gas-cell aiming at performing IBA with the sample immersed in gaseous environment was designed. The effect of silicon-rich nitride membranes, holding the pressure gradient between vacuum and atmospheric pressure, on the energy and angular distribution of the primary ion beam, was studied theoretically and experimentally, proving the possibility of conducting real-space crystallographic studies using the proposed setup.
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| 25. |
- Tsakonas, Georgios
(författare)
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Biomarkers for CNS metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises more than 75% of lung cancer cases and is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among all solid tumours and the second most common malignancy globally. The prognosis of NSCLC patients with brain metastases (BM) is poor with a median overall survival of 4–11 weeks in untreated patients and 4–15 months in treated patients. Approximately 45% of patients with non-oncogenic driven NSCLC and 70% of patients with EML4-ALK rearrangements or EGFR mutations will be diagnosed with BM during the course of the disease. The incidence of BM appears to be increasing mostly owing to improvements in diagnostic imaging and in survival associated with more effective systemic therapies. The main purpose of this thesis is to identify clinical and molecular biomarkers for BM of NSCLC, as well as to explore the molecular diversity between CNS metastases and primary NSCLC. Paper I was a single institution cohort study including brain metastasized lung cancer patients who received Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. The aim of this trial was to find prognostic factors that can influence OS in lung cancer patients with BM treated with WBRT, in order to identify which patients will live long enough to experience the palliative benefit of WBRT, regarding disease control in the CNS. This study provided additional information on the selection of BM NSCLC patients who should receive WBRT by combining RPA and GRA prognostic indexes. In paper II we analysed a total of 43 tissue samples from NSCLC patients for systematic mRNA expression; 13 primary tumours and 30 brain metastases. The material was obtained from 25 patients, of which 13 underwent surgery of the primary tumour. The paired samples were 26 (13 patients with both available lung and brain tissue samples). A unique gene downregulation pattern in brain metastases compared with primary tumours was observed. This finding may explain the lower intracranial efficacy of systemic therapy, especially immunotherapy, in the brain metastatic setting. In paper III the validity of Lung-molGPA index in an ALK-positive lung cancer cohort with BM (n= 44) was explored, and a new prognostic scoring system, the ALK-BPI score, which can be easily applicable in clinical practice was proposed. PS, sex and BM at diagnosis, were used as prognostic variables in ALK-BPI. The aim of paper IV - a retrospective cohort study consisting of 304 patients with surgically removed NSCLC- was to investigate whether high expression of NRF2 or TrxR1 in early stage NSCLC is predictive for relapse in CNS or other organs. High expression of NRF2 in cytokeratine positive cells in the whole tissue core compartment was correlated with higher risk for CNS relapse. This is to our knowledge the first study to report a predictive biomarker for CNS relapse in early stage NSCLC. In summary, this thesis expands the knowledge regarding the molecular diversity between CNS metastases and primary NSCLC, and proposes new clinical and molecular biomarkers for BM of NSCLC.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Wang, Boqian, et al.
(författare)
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ANN Based Admission Control for On-Chip Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2019 56TH ACM/EDAC/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (DAC). - New York, NY, USA : ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an admission control method in Network-on-Chip (NoC) with a centralized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) admission controller, which can improve system performance by predicting the most appropriate injection rate of each node via the network performance information. In the online control process, a data preprocessing unit is applied to simplify the ANN architecture and make the prediction results more accurate. Based on the preprocessed information, the ANN predictor determines the control strategy and broadcasts it to each node where the admission control will be applied. Compared to the previous work, our method builds up a high-fidelity model between the network status and the injection rate regulation. The full-system simulation results show that our proposed method can enhance application performance by 17.8% on average and up to 23.8%.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Wiggins, Sally
(författare)
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Moments of Pleasure: A Preliminary Classification of Gustatory mmms and the Enactment of Enjoyment During Infant Mealtimes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enjoyment of food and the sharing of mealtimes is a normative cultural and social practice. Empirical research on eating enjoyment has, however, been a rather neglected area across the social sciences, often marginalized in favor of health or focusing on individual preferences rather than shared enjoyment. Even with regards to children, their enjoyment of food is typically rated retrospectively via parental reports of mealtime behavior. What is missing is an understanding of how enjoyment becomes a normative, cultural practice during mealtimes. This paper examines this issue in the context of parents feeding their 5-8-month-old infants in the family home, since it is within this context that we can see the early emergence of such practices in often highly routinized situations. The enactment of eating as enjoyable, and of the food as appreciated or "liked" in some way, is a culturally normative practice that becomes recognizable through particular non-lexical ("mmm," "ooh") or lexical ("this is nice, isnt it?") utterances. The data comprise 66 infant mealtimes video-recorded over almost 19 h, from five families living in Scotland. The analysis uses discursive psychology and focuses on the sequential position of different types of parental gustatory mmms as produced during the infant meals. A classification of four types of mmm were identified in the corpus - announcement, receipting, modeling, and encouragement mmms -each associated with features of sequential and multimodal organization within the mealtime. In the majority of instances, mmms were uttered alone with no other assessment terms, and parents typically produced these as an orientation to the enjoyment of their infants, rather than their own, eating practices. The receipting mmms, for instance, occurred at the precise moment when the infants mouth closed around the food. It is argued that eating enjoyment can be considered as much an interactional practice as an individual sensation, and that non-lexical vocalizations around food are an essential part of sensory practices. The paper thus aims to bridge the gap between cultural and psychological studies of eating enjoyment and contribute to developmental studies of infant feeding in everyday interaction.
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