| 1. |
- Andersson, Madeleine, et al.
(author)
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Calcium-dependent proteolysis in rabbit lens epithelium after oxidative stress
- 1998
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In: Ophthalmic Res. ; 30:3, s. 157-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine changes in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in the lens epithelium from whole rabbit lenses exposed to long-term oxidative stress at near physiological levels. Rabbit lenses, incubated in 50 microM H2O2 for 1 or 24 h, were checked for clarity and morphological changes in the epithelium. Proteolytic activity was measured in the epithelium using a fluorogenic synthetic substrate; N-succinyl-Leu-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylocoumarin, both in the presence and the absence of calcium (1 mM Ca2+ and 5 mM EDTA respectively). The effect on transparency and morphology of the epithelium following a 1-hour incubation in 100 microM H2O2 was also studied. Lenses incubated in 50 microM H2O2 were clear even after 24h. After a 1-hour incubation in 50 microM H2O2 the epithelium of the exposed lens appeared normal. However, after 24 h the epithelium cells appeared swollen and microscopical examination showed extensive intracellular and subepithelial vacuolization. Incubation in 100 microM H2O2 for 1 h caused loss of transparency; vacuole formation, globulization of the superficial lens fibers and death of the epithelial cells. There was a 55% increase in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity after 1 h in 50 microM H2O2, implying a role for the calcium-activated protease calpain in oxidatively induced cataract.
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| 2. |
- Henriksson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Sorbenter för olje- och kemikaliespill. En marknadsöversikt
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten en sammanställning av de sorbenter för kemikalie- och oljespill finns på den svenska marknaden idag. Här presenteras uppgifter om tillverkare och återförsäljare, tillverkade eller sålda volymer, priser liksom olika egenskaper hos sorbenter. I rapporten anges också metodik för sorbenters spridning och uppsamling samt kvittblivning av använda sorbenter. Översikten är en uppföljning av en liknande sammanställning 1991 (SRV Cirkulär 6/91 R). Uppgifterna har lämnats av tillverkare och återförsäljare genom en rundfrågning under april-maj 1998
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| 3. |
- Janhäll, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Regionala emissioners inverkan på de marknära ozonhalterna i södra Sverige
- 1995
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Förhöjda halter av marknära ozon i Sverige är ett resultat både av intransporterade luftföroreningar och av inhemska utsläpp. I denna modelleringsstudie har påverkan på ozonhalterna i Sverige orsakade av Göteborgs och Bohusläns utsläpp simulerats. Industriemissioner har inventerats specifikt för Göteborg, Stenungsund respektive resten av länet. Vid simuleringarna har IVLs fotokemiska trajektoriemodell använts. Simuleringarna har utförts för två väderfall: normalväder under sommaren samt en högtryckssituation med stark solinstrålning och för varierande vindriktningar. Det tillskott till ozonhalterna som dagens utsläpp i Göteborgs- och Bohuslän orsakar har beräknats ur simuleringarna. Resultatet varierar mellan de olika väder och vindriktningar som har simulerats, men för samtliga fall ger Bohusläns utsläpp en maximal ökning av ozonhalten på 10 ppb, och Göteborgs utsläpp ger maximalt 5 ppb högre ozonhalter, då halten utan bidraget från de regionala emissionerna är omkring 50-60 ppb. Genomsnittligt beräknas ökningen uppgå till hälften av den maximala ökningen. För att utröna hur stor del av denna påverkan som beror på utsläpp av kväveoxider respektive organiska ämnen har ytterligare en serie simuleringar utförts. Resultatet tyder på att det främst är kväveoxider som är begränsande för ozonbildningen i södra Sverige, men att även de flyktiga organiska ämnena har en viss påverkan.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Jan-Olof, 1944, et al.
(author)
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Proteolysis in human lens epithelium as determined by a cell-permeable substrate
- 1998
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ; 40:1, s. 261-264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To develop a system for continuous evaluation of proteolytic activity in human lens epithelium and to characterize factors of importance for the regulation of proteolytic activity in lens epithelial cells. METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells were obtained during cataract surgery. Capsule epithelium specimens consisted of the central parts of the anterior capsule and the underlying lens epithelium. The sample, with the cell-permeable substrate Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, was placed in a chamber, which was placed in a thermostat-controlled aluminum block. Fluorescence changes were continuously measured by the fiber optics of the luminometer, which was placed 5 mm above the buffer surface. RESULTS: After administration of substrate to the medium overlying the cells, the substrate was degraded at a relatively slow rate. Approximately 10 picomoles of amino-4-methylcoumarin were formed per minute. A significant increase of proteolytic activity could be observed after application of 1 microM ionomycin or 2 microM thapsigargin. No leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells was observed during these procedures. Basal proteolytic activity was totally inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Lactacystin also attenuated the response to ionomycin and thapsigargin. CONCLUSIONS: Human lens epithelium responds to increased Ca levels from external or internal stores with an increased proteolytic activity that may be mediated by calpain, by the proteasome, or by both. This calcium-dependent change in proteolytic activity may be of importance in the development of cataract.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Jan-Olof, 1944, et al.
(author)
-
Proteolysis in human lens epithelium determined by a cell-permeable substrate
- 1999
-
In: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. ; 40:1, s. 261-4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To develop a system for continuous evaluation of proteolytic activity in human lens epithelium and to characterize factors of importance for the regulation of proteolytic activity in lens epithelial cells. METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells were obtained during cataract surgery. Capsule epithelium specimens consisted of the central parts of the anterior capsule and the underlying lens epithelium. The sample, with the cell-permeable substrate Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, was placed in a chamber, which was placed in a thermostat-controlled aluminum block. Fluorescence changes were continuously measured by the fiber optics of the luminometer, which was placed 5 mm above the buffer surface. RESULTS: After administration of substrate to the medium overlying the cells, the substrate was degraded at a relatively slow rate. Approximately 10 picomoles of amino-4-methylcoumarin were formed per minute. A significant increase of proteolytic activity could be observed after application of 1 microM ionomycin or 2 microM thapsigargin. No leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells was observed during these procedures. Basal proteolytic activity was totally inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Lactacystin also attenuated the response to ionomycin and thapsigargin. CONCLUSIONS: Human lens epithelium responds to increased Ca levels from external or internal stores with an increased proteolytic activity that may be mediated by calpain, by the proteasome, or by both. This calcium-dependent change in proteolytic activity may be of importance in the development of cataract.
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| 6. |
- Lindberg, A. Michael, et al.
(author)
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Echovirus 5 : infectious transcripts and complete nucleotide sequence from uncloned cDNA
- 1999
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In: Virus Research. - 0168-1702. ; 59:1, s. 75-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Echovirus 5 (EV5) may be isolated from various neurological and exanthematic diseases. To determine the relationship of EV5 to other enteroviruses and for studies of its interactions with the target cell, the complete nucleotide sequence of EV5 was determined. Three overlapping fragments, collectively representing the complete genome, were amplified with RT–PCR and sequenced. Analysis of the EV5 sequence revealed a typical enterovirus-like organization of the genome. To verify that the cDNA generated sequence was derived from infectious viruses, complete EV5 genomes were amplified in one amplicon by long distance PCR. Transfection of in vitro transcribed RNA from these amplicons into cell cultures resulted in replicating EV5. Comparison of the overall nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrates that EV5 can be regarded as a coxsackievirus B-like enterovirus. Variable sequences between EV5 and the well characterized coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are for the most part observed for amino acid residues that correspond to exposed sequences in the CVB3 capsid. This observation indicates that the reported EV5 strain recently diverged from group B coxsackieviruses.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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A comparative empirical study of autonomy in nursing homes in Sweden and Florida, USA
- 1997
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In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 12:4, s. 299-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study seeks to comparatively examine how autonomy is evaluated by a sample of nursing staff in both Sweden and Florida, USA. In both cultures support for patient autonomy was generally greater from an individual point of view than from the anticipated institutional perspective. Comparisons between the cultures revealed that individual staff members in the Swedish nursing homes generally gave higher priority to patient preference than did their American counterparts. On the other hand, support for patient preference was generally greater in the American nursing homes in regard to institutionally anticipated decision. There were statistically significant mean value differences between Swedish nursing staff's personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in five of six case studies. Nursing staff's personal opinion showed a stronger support for patient's preferences. There was a statistically significant mean value difference between American nursing staffs' personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in only one of the six case studies. In spite of cultural differences the reported results to some degree reflect a common value-system regarding both the anticipated institutional perspective and nursing staffs' personal opinion.
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| 9. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Moral reasoning among professional caregivers in nursing homes
- 1995
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In: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 17:3, s. 277-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the responses from a sample of Swedish nursing home staff workers to a hypothetical ethical conflict highlighting the issue of restraint. The responses were analyzed in two ways: first, Piaget's theory of moral development was used to differentiate between "autonomous" and "heteronomous" awareness, and second, the responses were analyzed from the perspective of ethical principles, that is, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The findings indicate that autonomous ethical awareness took precedence over heteronomous ethical awareness. The dominant moral values were the principle of beneficence, followed by the principle of autonomy.
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| 10. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Nursing home staff attitudes to ethical conflicts with respect to patient autonomy and paternalism
- 1995
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In: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 2:2, s. 115-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six case studies on nursing home staff attitudes to patient autonomy have been analysed. The case studies are based on six polarities within autonomy, as developed by Collopy. In total, 189 professional caregivers, comprising the staff of 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, responded to questions based on the case studies. Results show that the attitudes within each professional category had a high level of internal correspondence. Nurses consistently supported patient preferences to the highest degree, followed by assistant nurses and auxiliary staff. Nurses' aides ranked lowest in supporting patient preferences. In only one of the cases were background variables of significance.
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| 11. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Organizational environment and the support of patient autonomy in nursing home care
- 1995
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 22:6, s. 1149-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined how patient autonomy is associated with the organizational environment in nursing homes, particularly the organizational climate, organization of work and selected staff characteristics, such as age and experience of health care. Staff from 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, were included. The organizational climate was described by staff from two of the nursing homes that, on the basis of staff judgement, were rated as creative, and from two of the nursing homes that were rated as lacking innovation. Regarding organization of work, which included the number of patients who required to be fed, together with the incidence of pressure sores and indwelling urinary catheters, there appeared to be no difference in care from both types of nursing home. The statistical analyses showed that nursing homes characterized as significantly creative supported patient autonomy to a high degree, and that the staff's experience with health care was associated with the organizational climate.
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| 12. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Quality of nursing home care assessed by competent nursing home patients
- 1997
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 26:6, s. 1117-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interviews were conducted with 60 chronically ill but cognitively competent nursing home patients with a mean age of 80 years, living in 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden. Quality of nursing home care was assessed through discrepancy between individual priorities (i.e. degree of perceived personal autonomy) and institutional possibility. The results show that there was a high degree of satisfaction with quality of care with regard to meal and shower routines, as well as with the possibilities to watch television, listen to the radio and feel secure. Social relations, on the other hand, was a subject which exposed large discrepancies. Most respondents believed in the importance of social relations whereas results point to a lack of intimacy in the daily living.
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| 13. |
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