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- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A life cycle based method to minimise environmental impact of dairy production through product sequencing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 15:4, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trend of increasing the number of dairy products for sale affects their environmental impact in a life cycle perspective. During dairy processing, the production schedule is affected by more frequent product changes, hence also cleaning operations. This causes more milk waste, use of cleaning agents and water. The amount of milk waste depends on the product change technique used, which is determined by the characteristics of the product. A method was designed to calculate the sequence, which, for a given set of yoghurt products, minimises milk waste. A heuristic method, based on the strive to minimise production waste combined with production rules, was worked out. To determine whether the heuristic solution gives the best possible sequence from an environmental perspective, an optimisation was also made. The analytical method used for optimisation was able to handle 21 products and verified the heuristic method for a waste minimised sequence up to that level. It is also highly probable that for sequences including a greater number of items waste can be minimised with the same heuristic method. A successful demonstration of the possibility to make a more complete environmental assessment was fulfilled by connecting the sequencing model to conventional life cycle assessment methodology.
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| 5. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971
(författare)
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Environmental Improvments of the Post-Farm Dairy Chain: Production Management by Systems Analysis Methods
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production of dairy products is becoming more centralised at the same time as the number of different products is steadily increasing. In this thesis. the environmental impact of such ongoing development trends in the post-farm dairy chain was evaluated and improvements were suggested. Methods for production management and environmental systems analysis (life cycle assessment, material flow analysis and substance flow analysis) were combined and used in the evaluations. A first assessment of potential future developments in the dairy chain showed that the least preferable scenario from an environmental point of view was the one most similar to trends in the dairy chain of today. Subsequent investigations revealed the same result. Large dairy units with long distance transports lead to a higher environmental impact than small dairy units. On the other hand, small dairy units are those for which the environmental impact is affected the most by the rising variety of cultured products. The changed consumption patterns towards more cultured products and cheese, instead of milk, cause an increased environmental impact with regard to the cultured products, whereas for cheese no clear effect was found. To enable counteraction of negative environmental effects of increased product variety, a method to sequence the production of cultured dairy products with as little environmental impact as possible was developed. The method combines production management methods and environmental systems analysis. A heuristic solution to the sequencing problem was developed and, to the extent possible, validated with an optimisation. The method was used in a case study which revealed not only the importance of a waste minimised sequence but also that of a low production frequency. Life cycle assessment was combined with an actor analysis to examine the potential of the actors in the post-farm chain (dairy, retailer and consumer) to decrease the environmental impact of dairy products. Cutting down waste of product proved to be an effective way to reduce environmental consequences. Saving energy and improving transport patterns gave in general smaller reductions. Choosing organic products decreased most environmental categories at the expense of increased eutrophication.
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- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Metod för utvärdering av miljöåtgärder realiserbara genom styrmedel
- 2006
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Ingår i: Styrmedelsanalys med livscykel- och innovationssystemperspektiv. Metod och fallstudier. Naturvårdsverkets rapport nr 2295, Stockholm. - Göteborg, Sverige : SIK Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Minimising environmental impact by sequencing cultured dairy products: two case studies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 16:4, s. 483-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased production of cultured milk products has environmental consequences. To counteract the environmental impact from the dairy industry, it is important to process the products in a sequence designed to minimise waste. In a previous study a model was constructed to minimise the waste caused by a sequence for a given set of products and to calculate the environmental impact of a waste minimised sequence. This study applies successfully the model in case studies at two dairies. The number of products to be sequenced varied: Dairy A had 34 products and Darry B had 16. The sequenced products were yoghurt, sour cream, cold sauce and creme fraiche, all with multiple flavours. The difference in number of products to be sequenced offered the opportunity to use both of the two model sequencing solutions: the heuristic and the optimised. The role of frequency of each product to be sequenced was investigated. Scenarios with differing frequencies were used in the case studies. The result showed clearly that the waste caused by a sequence decreased when product frequency was reduced. From a life cycle perspective, the environmental impact of processing cultured milk products can be greatly reduced by adopting sequences with fewer changes of product. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Berlin, Johanna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Product Chain Actors’ Potential for Greening the Product Life Cycle The Case of the Swedish Postfarm Milk Chain
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1530-9290 .- 1088-1980. ; 12:1, s. 95-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The challenge in working with environmental improvementsis to select the action offering the most substantial progress.However, not all actions are open to all actors in a productchain. This study demonstrates how life cycle assessment(LCA) may be used with an actor perspective in the Swedishpostfarm milk chain. The potential measures were identified,applied by the dairy, retailer, and household, that gave themost environmental improvement in a life cycle perspective.Improved energy efficiency, more efficient transport patterns,reduced milk and product losses, and organic labeling wereinvestigated. Milk, yogurt and cheese were considered. AfterLCAs of the products were established, improvement potentialsof the actors were identified and quantified. The quantificationwas based mostly on literature studies but also onassumptions. Then the LCAs were recalculated to include theestimated improvement potential. To find the action with thegreatest potential, the environmental impacts of the modifiedand original LCAs were compared for each actor. No actionwas superior to any other from the dairy perspective, but reducedwastage lowered most impacts for all three products.For retailers, using less energy is the most efficient improvement.From the household perspective, reducing wastage givesunambiguously positive results. When households choose organicproducts, reductions in energy use and greenhouse gasesare even larger, but eutrophication increases. Overall, householdshave greatest potential for improvement while yogurt isthe product offering the most improvement potential.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete Event Simulation with Lifecycle Assessment Data at a Juice Manufacturing System
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 5th International Conference on Simulation and Modelling in the Food and Bio-Industry, FOODSIM 2008; Dublin; Ireland; 26 June 2008 through 28 June 2008. ; , s. 165-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to measure and evaluate productivity and environmental parameters simultaneously and in consideration to each other, they need to be presented on the same basis and put up on the same table, at the same time. Otherwise, while considering only parts of the relevant parameters at a time, there is a great risk for sub-optimisation. The study presented in this paper shows one way of putting productivity parameters such as batch size, batch frequency, production planning, and resource management on the same table as environmental parameters such as emissions, waste and energy consumption. This is done through the use of lifecycle assessment in combination with discrete event simulation. The result gives an example of a sound basis for decision-making when changes are to be made in the juice production system at hand. The presented case study gives information on energy consumption, waste and pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SO2, and ethene generated from production of juice. Results show that some changes of the system improves both environment and productivity, others improves one and worsens the other!
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| 10. |
- Welin, Stellan, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Köttproduktion utan djur
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Klimatfrågan på bordet. - Stockholm : Formas. - 9789154060221 ; , s. 261-271
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mat åt nio miljarder - klimatet är en joker, Johan Kuylenstierna Vi måste minska sårbarheten i ordlingssystemen, Jakob Lundberg och Fredrik Moberg Euoropas mat i nytt klimat, Thomas OhlssonKött och klimat - kunskap som funnits länge, Annika Carlsson-KanyamaAlla matens utsläpp borde synas i klimatrapporteringen. Christel CederbergMatval för klimatets skull - svenska äpplen och mindre pizzor, Charlotte Lagerberg FogelbergVärms jordklotet upp av fisken på din tallrik, Friederike ZieglerVälfyllda lastrum ger klimateffektiva transporter, Gunilla JönssonMaten i soptunnan - vem täljer trägubbar för att elda upp dem, Karin Östergren coh Ulf SonessonKlimatmärkning av mat - vad kan det ge och när ska det ske, Oksana Mont och Katsiarna PaulavetsAha - klimatmärkt mat, Helena Shanahan och Helene WåhlanderHoppfull oro - en medelväg för klimatvänlig matkonsumtion, Maria OjalaSvensk växtodling i nytt klimat, Herik Eckersten, Håkan Fogelfors och Roland SigvaldMat och klimat - ett växtgenetiskt perspektiv, Christina DixeliusNya krav på djurhållning, Ann Albihn och Ulf MagnussonMindre metan från högavkastande kor, Jan Bertilsson och Gunnar BörjessonKöttproduktion utan djur, Stellan Welin, Johanna Berlin och Julie GoldJordbruk med naturen som modell, Johanna BjörklundÄr ekomat bättre eller sämre för klimatet, Niels Andresen, Ann-Marie Dock Gustavsson och Johan WahlanderEkologiskt jordbruk ger mera koldioxid i atmosfären, Olof Andrén och Holger KirchmannKlimatvänligt jordbruk - hur kan det se ut, Göte Bertilsson
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| 11. |
- Welin, Stellan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Köttproduktion utan djur
- 2008
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Ingår i: Formas Fokuserar, series no 14, Forskningsrådet Formas. ; , s. 261-272
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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