| 1. |
- Carlsson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Compound heterozygous HAX1 mutations in a Swedish patient with severe congenital neutropenia and no neurodevelopmental abnormalities
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5009 .- 1545-5017. ; 53:6, s. 1143-1146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kostmann disease or severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an autosomal recessive disorder of neutrophil production. Homozygous HAX1 mutations were recently identified in SCN patients belonging to the original family in northern Sweden described by Kostmann. Moreover, recent studies have suggested an association between neurological dysfunction and HAX1 deficiency. Here we describe a patient with a compound heterozygous HAX1 mutation consisting of a nonsense mutation (c.568C > T, p.Glu190X) and a frame-shift mutation (c.91delG, p.Glu31LysfsX54) resulting in a premature stop codon. The patient has a history of neutropenia and a propensity for infections, but has shown no signs of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carlsson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Testfasen i miljöklassningsprojekten : Delrapport september 2007
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en redovisning av resultat och underlag i testfasen imiljöklassningsprojekten.I januari 2005 inleddes tre forskningsprojekt med målet att föreslå ettsystem för miljöklassning av byggnader. Forskningsprojekten har engemensam projektgrupp där 27 företag ingår. Syftet med projekten är attta fram förslag till indikatorer och kriterier för klassning inom områdenaenergi, innemiljö och farliga ämnen. Projekten avslutas hösten 2007.Under perioden december 2006 – mars 2007 genomfördes ett test avflera alternativa förslag till indikatorer. Testet utfördes i nära samverkanmed 16 företag från projektgruppen och ytterligare 10 bostadsrättföreningaroch 6 småhusägare. Sammanlagt ingick 46 byggnader av olika typ(flerbostadshus, kontor, sjukhus, småhus etc.).Testet utfördes genom att företag, föreningar och småhusägare samladein nödvändiga data för klassning av ett antal preliminära indikatorer. Defick också svara på frågor om prioritering av aspekter, indikatorer ochvilka resurser som krävdes.Insamlingen av mätdata kompletterades sedan med intervjuer för att fåin ytterligare information och synpunkter.Denna rapport innehåller resultat i form av:Indata från dem som testat.Försök till klassning av respektive byggnad.Synpunkter på genomförandet av testningen.Synpunkter på klassningssystemet.Dessutom ingick en studie av kopplingen mellan energideklarationer ochmiljöklassning. Några av byggnaderna energideklarerades och dessa datajämfördes med vad som behövs för miljöklassning.Rapporten innehåller samtliga dokument från testningen och kommeratt vara ett viktigt underlag i det fortsatta arbetet. Under hösten 2007kommer ett förslag till klassningssystem att presenteras.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lau, Joey, et al.
(författare)
-
Implantation site-dependent dysfunction of transplanted pancreatic islets
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:6, s. 1544-1550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE—Clinical islet transplantations are performed through infusion of islets via the portal vein into the liver. This study aimed at characterizing the influence of the implantation microenvironment on islet graft metabolism and function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Islets were transplanted into their normal environment, i.e., the pancreas, or intraportally into the liver of mice. One month posttransplantation, the transplanted islets were retrieved and investigated for changes in function and gene expression. RESULTS—Insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin release, (pro)insulin biosynthesis, and glucose oxidation rate were markedly decreased in islets retrieved from the liver, both when compared with islets transplanted into the pancreas and endogenous islets. Islets transplanted into the pancreas showed normal insulin content, (pro)insulin biosynthesis, and glucose oxidation rate but increased basal insulin secretion and impaired glucose stimulation index. Gene expression data for retrieved islets showed downregulation of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1, GLUT-2, glucokinase, mitochondrial glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate carboxylase, preferentially in intraportally transplanted islets. CONCLUSIONS—Islets transplanted into their normal microenvironment, i.e., the pancreas, display gene expression changes when compared with endogenous islets but only moderate changes in metabolic functions. In contrast, site-specific properties of the liver markedly impaired the metabolic functions of intraportally transplanted islets.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
|
|
| 8. |
- Starck, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder: relationship between metabolite concentrations and symptom severity.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 115:7, s. 1051-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) studies exploring brain metabolites, especially glutamine + glutamate (Glx), in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are of vital interest for trying to understand more about the pathophysiology of OCD. Therefore, we conducted the present 1H MRS study with the aims of (1) comparing MRS metabolites in a group of adult patients with OCD and a group of healthy controls, and (2) examining the relationship between MRS metabolite concentrations and symptom severity in the patient group. Three brain regions were studied, the right caudate nucleus, the anterior gyrus cinguli and the occipital cortex bilaterally. Since multivariate analysis is a highly useful tool for extraction of 1H MRS data, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square projection to latent structures (PLS) to the MRS data. PLS disclosed a strong relationship between several of the metabolites and OCD symptom severity, as measured with Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS): the YBOCS score was found to be positively correlated to caudate creatine, Glx, glutamate, and choline compounds as well as occipital cortex myoinositol, and negatively correlated to occipital cortex Glx. The negative correlation between occipital cortex Glx and YBOCS was the most impressive. PCA did not reveal any tendency for a separation between the patients with OCD and controls with respect to MRS metabolites. The results are discussed in relation to corticostriatothalamocortical feedback and previous observations of poor visuospatial ability in OCD.
|
|
| 9. |
- Almstedt, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermodynamic interrogation of a folding disease. Mutant mapping of position 107 in human carbonic anhydrase II linked to marble brain disease.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - Washington : ACS. - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 47:5, s. 1288-1298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marble brain disease (MBD) also known as Guibaud−Vainsel syndrome is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. HCA II is a 259 amino acid single domain enzyme and is dominated by a 10-stranded β-sheet. One mutation associated with MBD entails the H107Y substitution where H107 is a highly conserved residue in the carbonic anhydrase protein family. We have previously demonstrated that the H107Y mutation is a remarkably destabilizing folding mutation [Almstedt et al. (2004) J. Mol. Biol. 342, 619−633]. Here, the exceptional destabilization by the H107Y mutation has been further investigated. A mutational survey of position H107 and a neighboring conserved position E117 has been performed entailing the mutants H107A, H107F, H107N, E117A and the double mutants H107A/E117A and H107N/E117A. All mutants were severely destabilized versus GuHCl and heat denaturation. Thermal denaturation and GuHCl phase diagram and ANS analyses showed that the mutants shifted HCA II toward populating ensembles of intermediates of molten globule type under physiological conditions. The native state stability of the mutants was in the following order: wt > H107N > E117A > H107A > H107F > H107Y > H107N/E117A > H107A/E117A. In conclusion: (i) H107N is least destabilizing likely due to compensatory H-bonding ability of the introduced Asn residue. (ii) Double mutant cycles surprisingly reveal additive destabilization of H107N and E117A showing that H107 and E117 are independently stabilizing the folded protein. (iii) H107Y and H107F are exceptionally destabilizing due to bulkiness of the side chains whereas H107A is more accommodating, indicating long-range destabilizing effects of the natural pathogenic H107Y mutation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Worse survival for TP53 (p53)-mutated breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant CMF
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Ann Oncol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 16:5, s. 743-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: TP53 has been described as a prognostic factor in many malignancies, including breast cancer. Whether it also might be a predictive factor with reference to chemo- and endocrine therapy is more controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated relapse-free (RFS), breast cancer-corrected (BCCS) and overall survival (OS) related to TP53 status in node-positive breast cancer patients that had received polychemotherapy [cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF)] and/or endocrine therapy (tamoxifen). Sequence analyses of the whole TP53 coding region was performed in 376 patients operated on for primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastases between 1984 and 1989 (median follow-up time 84 months). RESULTS: TP53 mutations were found in 105 patients (28%). We found 90 (82%) of the 110 mutations in the more frequently analysed exons 5-8, while the other 20 (18%) were located in exons 3-4 and 9-10, respectively. Univariate analyses showed TP53 to be a significant prognostic factor with regard to RFS, BCCS and OS in patients who received adjuvant CMF. CONCLUSIONS: TP53 mutations might induce resistance to certain modalities of breast cancer therapy. Sequence-determined TP53 mutation was of negative prognostic value in the total patient population and in the CMF treated patients.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Calverley, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationship between respiratory symptoms and medical treatment in exacerbations of COPD
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 26:3, s. 406-413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be defined symptomatically or by healthcare contacts, yet the relationship between these events is unknown. Data were collected during a 1-yr study of the budesonide/formoterol combination in COPD patients, where exacerbations, defined by increases in treatment, were compared with daily records of respiratory symptoms, rescue medication use and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The relationship between changes in these variables and the medical event was examined using different modelling approaches. Data from the first exacerbation treated with oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics and/or hospitalisation (event based) were available in 468 patients. Patients exacerbating were significantly more breathless and more likely to report cough than healthy patients, but did not differ in baseline spirometry. Exacerbations defined by changes in individual symptoms were only weakly related to event-based exacerbations; however, defined with 63% of such events being predicted from symptom changes. Changes in rescue medication use or PEF were poor predictors of event-based exacerbations. The mean peak change in symptoms was closely related to the onset of therapy. In conclusion, event-based exacerbations are a valid way of identifying acute symptom change in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population. However, daily symptom monitoring is too variable using the current diary cards to make individual management decisions.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Carlsson, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
-
The G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2 provides strong but not absolute protection against symptomatic GII.4 Norovirus infection. : Novel GII.4 disease pattern
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In November 2004, 116 individuals in an elderly nursing home in El Grao de Castellón, Spain were symptomatically infected with genogroup II.4 (GII.4) norovirus. The global attack rate was 54.2%. Genotyping of 34 symptomatic individuals regarding the FUT2 gene revealed that one patient was, surprisingly, a non-secretor, hence indicating secretor-independent infection. Lewis genotyping revealed that Lewis-positive and negative individuals were susceptible to symptomatic norovirus infection indicating that Lewis status did not predict susceptibility. Saliva based ELISA assays were used to determine binding of the outbreak virus to saliva samples. Saliva from a secretor-negative individual bound the authentic outbreak GII.4 Valencia/2004/Es virus, but did not in contrast to secretor-positive saliva bind VLP of other strains including the GII.4 Dijon strain. Amino acid comparison of antigenic A and B sites located on the external loops of the P2 domain revealed distinct differences between the Valencia/2004/Es and Dijon strains. All three aa in each antigenic site as well as 10/11 recently identified evolutionary hot spots, were unique in the Valencia/2004/Es strain compared to the Dijon strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of symptomatic GII.4 norovirus infection of a Le(a+b-) individual homozygous for the G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the host genetic susceptibility to norovirus infections and evolution of the globally dominating GII.4 viruses.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Carlsson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Kostmann syndrome or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, part two : Understanding the underlying genetic defects in severe congenital neutropenia
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:6, s. 813-819
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congenital neutropenia in man was first reported 50 years ago by the Swedish paediatrician Rolf Kostmann. He coined the term 'infantile genetic agranulocytosis' for this condition, which is now known as Kostmann syndrome. Recent studies have revealed mutations in ELA-2, encoding the neutrophil granule protease, neutrophil elastase, in autosomal dominant neutropenia, and mutations in HAX-1, encoding an anti-apoptotic protein, in autosomal recessive neutropenia. Conclusion: Future studies should aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying the evolution of secondary malignancies in these patients.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Carlsson, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
-
Hand injuries and cold sensitivity: Reliability and validity of cold sensitivity questionnaires.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 30:25, s. 1920-1928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Sensitivity to cold is a common consequence of hand injuries and other conditions, and this phenomenon has a profound effect on health-related quality of life and upper-extremity disability. The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Cold Sensitivity Severity (CSS) scale and Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity (CISS) questionnaire and the reliability of the Potential Work Exposure Scale in a group of patients with traumatic hand-injury or vibration-induced problems. Method. We translated the self-administered questionnaires into Swedish and performed tests of reliability and validity. The questionnaire was sent to 159 patients with hand injuries. Results. Validity and internal-consistency results are based on a sample of 122. Test - retest results are based on a sample of 100. Good construct validity was demonstrated via correlation statistics. There were high correlations for both the CSS scale and CISS questionnaire scores with single questions concerning cold sensitivity, with the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale, and with the bodily-pain subscale of the SF-36 questionnaire. Reliability (both internal consistency and test - retest) was excellent. Conclusions. We conclude that the Swedish versions of the CSS scale and CISS questionnaire are reliable, and that this study provides evidence of the validity of the scales. The Potential Work Exposure Scale is reliable method of assessing exposure in the workplace.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Carlsson, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Accurate and sensitive measurements of magnetic susceptibility using echo planar imaging.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Magnetic resonance imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0730-725X. ; 24:9, s. 1179-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Susceptibility differences are common causes for artifacts in magnetic resonance (MR); therefore, it is important to choose phantom materials in a way that these artifacts are kept at a minimum. In this study, a previously proposed MR imaging (MRI) method [Beuf O, Briguet A, Lissac M, Davis R. Magnetic resonance imaging for the determination of magnetic susceptibility of materials. J Magn Reson 1996; Series B(112):111-118] was improved to facilitate sensitive in-house measurements of different phantom materials so that such artifacts can more easily be minimized. Using standard MRI protocols and distilled water as reference, we measured magnetic volume susceptibility differences with a clinical MR system. Two imaging techniques, echo planar imaging (EPI) and spin echo, were compared using liquid samples whose susceptibilities were verified by MR spectroscopy. The EPI sequence has a very narrow bandwidth in the phase-encoding direction, which gives an increased sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. All MRI measurements were evaluated in two ways: (1) manual image analysis and (2) model fitting. The narrow bandwidth of the EPI made it possible to detect very small susceptibility differences (equivalent susceptibility difference, Deltachi(e)> or =0.02 ppm), and even plastics could be measured. Model fitting yielded high accuracy and high sensitivity and was less sensitive to other image artifacts as compared with manual image analysis.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- De Pontieu, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid Temporal Variability of Faculae: High-Resolution Observations and Modeling
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 646:2, s. 1405-1420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present high-resolution G-band observations (obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope) of the rapid temporal variability of faculae, which occurs on granular timescales. By combining these observations with magnetoconvection simulations of a plage region, we show that much of this variability is not intrinsic to the magnetic field concentrations that are associated with faculae, but rather a phenomenon associated with the normal evolution and splitting of granules. We also show examples of facular variability caused by changes in the magnetic field, with movies of dynamic behavior of the striations that dominate much of the facular appearance at 0.1" resolution. Examples of these dynamics include merging, splitting, rapid motion, apparent fluting, and possibly swaying.
|
|
| 28. |
- Derwinger, Kristoffer, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
A study of the MTHFR gene polymorphism C677T in colorectal cancer.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical colorectal cancer. - 1533-0028. ; 8:1, s. 43-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical significance of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism C677T in colorectal cancer (CRC). The hypothesis was that the genotype could affect the risk of cancer development and the results of cancer treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Genotyping was made for a random 30% (n = 544) of all patients treated for CRC at our unit from 1999 to 2006 (n = 1812). Basic clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed by genotype group and also compared with those of the entire cohort. Tolerability of chemotherapy and possible side effects were analyzed by genotype. Survival was analyzed by genotype for all stages for patients treated between 1999 and 2003. The genotype prevalence was also compared with a control material of healthy blood donors. RESULTS: No genotype was associated with an increased risk of CRC or higher cancer stage. The patients with CT/TT genotype had significantly greater risk of suffering side effects from fluoropyrimidine (5-fluorouracil) treatment (P < .05). In stage III colon cancer, the patients with CT/TT genotype had a poorer prognosis than those with the CC genotype. The difference was significant in univariate (P < .003) and multivariate (P < .040) analysis. Though the genotype-associated side effect risks remained in stage IV, the effect on survival was not significant (P < .1). CONCLUSION: The MTHFR polymorphism C677T does, in our material, not affect the risk of CRC; however, it can affect the sensitivity to chemotherapy and the risk of side-effects and therefore survival in stage III and possibly stage IV colon cancer. It could be a future predictive factor in the choice of a treatment regimen.
|
|
| 29. |
- Derwinger, Kristoffer, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Stage migration in colorectal cancer related to improved lymph node assessment
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Eur J Surg Oncol. - 0748-7983. ; 33:7, s. 849-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical impact of improved cooperation between the treating surgeons and pathologists in a high volume surgical unit. As a measure we used the staging process with special focus on lymph node assessment. FINDINGS: Comparing two periods 5years apart, we found a significant increase in the number of nodes examined and also an increase in the number of metastasis-positive nodes. Concurrently, we observed a trend in stage migration from stage I/II towards stage III, whilst stage IV remained unchanged. This was one factor that contributed to an increase in the number of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. We also found that the number of assessed nodes had an impact on survival in stage II. The major change in practise was the implementation of a multidisciplinary team conference and the associated possibility of reciprocal feedback. CONCLUSION: Lymph node status has a key role in cancer staging and in the selection of further therapy. The quality and the standard of the assessment can be improved through multidisciplinary cooperation and it has an impact on the clinical decisions and can affect long-term survival. A correct node status should be mandatory in the evaluation of prognostic factors.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Flexible and robust strategies for waste management in Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 27:8, s. s1-S8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of solid waste continues to be on the political agenda. Waste disposal issues are often viewed from an environmental perspective, but economic and social aspects also need to be considered when deciding on waste strategies and policy instruments. The aim of this paper is to suggest flexible and robust strategies for waste management in Sweden, and to discuss different policy instruments. Emphasis is on environmental aspects, but social and economic aspects are also considered. The results show that most waste treatment methods have a role to play in a robust and flexible integrated waste management system, and that the waste hierarchy is valid as a rule of thumb from an environmental perspective. A review of social aspects shows that there is a general willingness among people to source separate wastes. A package of policy instruments can include landfill tax, an incineration tax which is differentiated with respect to the content of fossil fuels and a weight based incineration tax, as well as support to the use of biogas and recycled materials.
|
|
| 35. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Robusta och flexibla strategier för utnyttjande av energi ur avfall
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avfallsfrågor engagerar. Det är någonting som berör människor i deras vardag och det är kanske ett skäl till att vi då och då får uppblossande debatter om hur vi ska hantera avfall. Beslut och investeringar inom avfallsområdet kan få långsiktiga konsekvenser. En avfallsförbränningspanna är exempelvis en stor och långsiktig investering. Samtidigt lever vi i en föränderlig värld. Avfallspolitiken har förändrats både i Sverige och internationellt och man kan förvänta sig fortsatta förändringar. Kombinationen av långsiktiga beslut med en osäker framtid och det engagemang som finns kring avfallsfrågor, gör det intressant att söka lösningar som är flexibla och robusta. Med flexibla menar vi att de bör kunna anpassas efter eventuella förändringar i omgivningen så att man inte bygger in sig i återvändsgränder. Med robusta menar vi dels att lösningarna och strategierna ska vara någorlunda bra i olika tänkbara framtidsscenarier, dels att de är någorlunda bra både med avseende på miljöfaktorer, ekonomiska aspekter och att det finns en social acceptans för dem. En utgångspunkt är alltså att lösningar som bara uppfyller kraven för en eller ett par av dessa dimensioner inte är intressanta. Den här rapporten har som syfte att sammanfatta och syntetisera resultaten från ett flerårigt projekt finansierat av Energimyndigheten. Syftet med projektet var att diskutera och föreslå flexibla och robusta strategier för utnyttjande av energi ur avfall.I rapporten görs en genomgång av ett antal olika studier där man har jämfört återvinning med förbränning, biologisk behandling och deponering. Jämförelserna görs med avseende på miljöegenskaper samt ekonomi. Vidare redovisas en genomgång av beteendevetenskapliga studier. Bland slutsatserna finns att en robust avfallsstrategi bör innehålla dessa komponenter:en ökning av materialåtervinning exempelvis av plaster, papper, metaller och glasförbränning av sådant som kan klassas som biobränslenförbränningsanläggningar bör vara utrustade för kraftvärme och för att kunna ta emot en varierad blandning av fasta bränslendeponering av avfall som ej kan behandlas på annat sätt och möjligen av svårnedbrytbara plasterrötning av vissa väldefinierade fraktionerlättillgänglig källsortering hos konsumenterökad källsortering i näringslivet Inom avfallsområdet finns det ett antal olika styrmedel.Samtidigt kan man notera att det finns luckor i styrmedelspaketen. Förutom producentansvaret finns exempelvis inga styrmedel som styr mot ökad återvinning av material. Vidare finns det få styrmedel som tydligt styr mot minskade avfallsmängder. Det finns därför ett behov av nytänkande inom styrmedelsområdet. En kombination av ekonomiska styrmedel som styr mot uppsatta miljömål skulle sammanfattningsvis kunna vara:En förbränningsskatt som jämställer beskattningen av de fossila delarna av avfall med andra fossila bränslen och som ger undantag för avfall med biologiskt ursprung.En viktsbaserad förbränningsskatt som styr mot ökad återvinning av papper samt biologisk behandling.En motsvarande ökning av deponiskatten.Ett stöd till biogasanvändning.För att öka källsorteringen bör de ekonomiska styrmedlena slå igenom även hos konsumenterna. Man bör dock inte bara använda ekonomiska styrmedel utan även arbeta med information, stödjande fysiska strukturer (exempelvis fastighetsnära insamlingssystem) samt 4utforska olika typer av positiva styrmedel t.ex. olika former av bonus- eller återbäringssystem. Styrmedel behöver också riktas mot olika delar av näringslivet för att stimulera deras källsortering.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Fransson, Sven Göran, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilden i vår kliniska vardag
- 2007. - 1
-
Ingår i: Svensk Medicin 77. ; , s. 49-70
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 39. |
- Gustavsson, Bengt, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular determinants of efficacy for 5-FU-based treatments in advanced colorectal cancer: mRNA expression for 18 chemotherapy-related genes.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0215 .- 0020-7136. ; 124:5, s. 1220-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens remain a cornerstone in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the attendant toxicity prevents these regimens from reaching maximum therapeutic potential. In this retrospective analysis, we examined the pretreatment expression of 18 genes in archival tumor bank samples from patients with advanced CRC to determine if one or more of the selected genes showed promise as either a prognostic or predictive marker of 5-FU-based treatment outcomes. One hundred and forty-four CRC patient samples (collected from 1983 to 2004) were analyzed via real-time PCR for gene expression. Univariate analyses were used to correlate gene expression with efficacy and time-to-event variables. Low thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydrofolate reductase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase gene expression were associated with better time-to-progression in the entire population. Low TP, DPD and ERCC1 expression were independently associated with improved overall survival. Low TP gene expression was also predictive of response. This study suggests that TP gene expression in particular is a predictive as well as a prognostic biomarker for advanced CRC patients. Gene panels assessing pretreatment TP, DPD, ERCC1, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase gene expression may help improve the therapeutic potential of 5-FU- or other novel antifolate-based regimens. Further analysis of the prognostic or predictive value of these genes in prospective trials in CRC patients seems warranted.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Hermeren, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Etik och estetisk tandvård
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 98:15, s. 62-66
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the article was to present the background and the rules of regulations for the ethic considerations that are mandatory in aesthetic dentistry. It also presents a systematic approach in the handling of the ethic analysis.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hermerén, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Etik och estetisk tandvård.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. ; 15, s. 62-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 44. |
- Höglund, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth Hormone Increases Beta-Cell Proliferation in Transplanted Human and Fetal Rat Islets
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Pancreas. - 1590-8577. ; 10:3, s. 242-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of the study was to increase the number of human islet beta-cells after transplantation with injections of human growth hormone (hGH). Interventions Human islets and fetal rat islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule and under the right kidney capsule, respectively in nude normoglycemic mice which were then given a daily injection of 200 µg hGH for 1-4 weeks. Main outcome measure Beta-cell proliferation was determined using thymidine incorporation and the beta-cell area was assessed using light microscopy. Results Mice given hGH increased their body weight one week after transplantation and had a more efficient removal of glucose after 3 and 4 weeks. Treatment with hGH resulted in increased beta-cell proliferation in human and fetal rat beta-cells, and the beta-cell area tended to increase. However, serum insulin concentrations and pancreas insulin content remained unchanged. Conclusions hGH increased the proliferation of transplanted human beta-cells as well as improving the glucose tolerance of the transplanted mice.
|
|
| 45. |
- Jitkaew, Siriporn, et al.
(författare)
-
N(alpha)-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in transformed human B cell lines with transcriptional down-regulation of anti-apoptotic HS1-associated protein X-1
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 284:41, s. 27827-27837
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- N(alpha)-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethylketone (TPCK) has been widely used to investigate signal transduction pathways that are involved in gene expression and cell survival/cell death. However, contradictory effects of TPCK on apoptosis have been reported, and the underlying signaling events leading to TPCK-induced promotion or prevention of apoptosis are not fully understood. Here, we show that TPCK induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B cell lines with release of pro-apoptotic proteins from mitochondria. TPCK treatment also results in down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins, cIAP1, cIAP2, and HAX-1, and caspase-dependent cleavage of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and XIAP. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that the TPCK-induced down-regulation of HAX-1 occurred at the transcriptional level, and experiments using the specific pharmacological inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, suggested that HAX-1 expression is subject to regulation by the transcription factor, NF-kappaB. B cell lines derived from patients with homozygous HAX1 mutations were more sensitive to TPCK-induced apoptosis when compared with normal donor cell lines. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine effectively blocked TPCK-induced apoptosis in EBV-transformed B cell lines and prevented the down-regulation or cleavage of anti-apoptotic proteins. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that TPCK induces apoptosis in human B cell lines and exerts multiple effects on pro- and anti-apoptotic factors.
|
|
| 46. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1963-
(författare)
-
Deciding on Sourcing Option for Hosting of Software Applications in Organisations
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software applications are of great importance in organisations, and performance of an organisation depends on how hosting of software applications are organised. This thesis deals with the question: Why and how organisations decide on specific sourcing options for software applications hosting. The thesis describes and explains sourcing decision-making processes made in the Swedish Post (MeLo) and Jönköpings Kommun (the municipality). MeLo’s sourcing decision resulted in outsourcing of hosting, and the municipality’s sourcing decision resulted in internal sourcing of hosting. Both organisations were distinguished by a decentralised structure to a great extent and showed a huge diversity in software applications used. The sourcing decisions resulted in a change to a more centralised hosting of software applications. The thesis is a retrospective case study based on semi-structured interviews and documents analysis. Concepts from the resource-based view and factors described in sourcing literature are used to analyse these sourcing decisions. From nine theoretical initial propositions 28 propositions are developed about why and how sourcing decisions are made. From these propositions, relations are described and some conclusions are presented about why and how sourcing decisions are made. The main conclusion is that maturity level regarding software applications usage seems to influences the start, the process as such, and the outcome of a sourcing decision-making process. This is explained as the more mature the organisation is regarding usage of software applications the more proactive decision-makers are in the sourcing decision. It is also identified that involved factors can be either influencing or justifying, and it is found that control of software applications usage influences the start of a sourcing decision to a high extent. The findings suggest that a sourcing decision-making process can be described as an irrational decision process that aims at increasing commitment on an already made decision. The study suggests that the less mature and more decentralised the organisation is the more reactive and the stronger influence the need to increase control over software applications have in a sourcing decision-making process.
|
|
| 47. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Islet endothelial cells and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation : studies in vitro and during pregnancy in adult rats
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 147:5, s. 2315-2324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth of both tumors and nonneoplastic tissues may be influenced by signals from the vascular endothelium. In the present investigation we show that purified proliferating endothelial cells from pancreatic islets can stimulate beta-cell proliferation through secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This secretion could be induced by soluble signals from the islets, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and insulin. During pregnancy, the pancreatic beta-cells display a highly reproducible physiological proliferation. We show that islet endothelial cell proliferation precedes beta-cell proliferation in pregnant animals. Vascular growth was closely associated with endocrine cell proliferation, and prominent expression of HGF was observed in islet endothelium on d 15 of pregnancy, i.e. coinciding with the peak of beta-cell proliferation. In summary, our results suggest the existence of an endothelial-endocrine axis within adult pancreatic islets, which is of importance for adult beta-cell proliferation.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Denaturant-assisted formation of a stabilizing disulfide bridge from engineered cysteines in nonideal conformations
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 44:9, s. 3487-3493
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The engineered disulfide bridge A23C/L203C in human carbonic anhydrase II, inserted from homology modeling of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carbonic anhydrase, significantly stabilizes the native state of the protein. The inserted cysteine residues are placed in the interior of the structure, and because of the conformationally restrained localization, the protein is expressed in the reduced state and the cysteines are not readily oxidized. However, upon exposure to low concentrations of denaturant (0.6 M guanidine hydrochloride), corresponding to the lower part of the denaturation curve for the first unfolding transition, the oxidation rate of correctly formed disulfide bridges was markedly increased. By entropy estimations it appears that the increased flexibility, induced by the denaturant, enables the cysteines to find each other and hence to form the disulfide bridge. The outlined strategy of facilitating formation of disulfide bonds by addition of adjusted concentrations of a denaturant should be applicable to other proteins in which engineered cysteine residues are located in nonideal conformations. Moreover, a S99C/V242C variant was constructed, in which the cysteine residues are located on the surface. In this mutant the disulfide bridge was spontaneously formed and the native state was considerably stabilized (midpoint concentration of unfolding was increased from 1.0 to 1.4 M guanidine hydrochloride).
|
|
| 50. |
- Klar, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
RAR-related orphan receptor A isoform 1 (RORa1) is disrupted by a balanced translocation t(4;15)(q22.3;q21.3) associated with severe obesity.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Eur J Hum Genet. - 1018-4813.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have identified a family comprising a mother and two children with idiopathic and profound obesity body mass index (BMI) 41-49 kg/m(2). The three family members carry a balanced reciprocal chromosome translocation t(4;15). We present here the clinical features of the affected individuals as well as the physical mapping and cloning of the chromosomal breakpoints. A detailed characterisation of the chromosomal breakpoints at chromosomes 4 and 15 revealed that the translocation is almost perfectly balanced with a very short insertion/deletion.The chromosome 15 breakpoint is positioned in intron 1 of the RAR-related orphan receptor A isoform 1 (RORa1) and the chromosome 4 breakpoint is positioned 133 kb telomeric to the transcriptional start of the unc-5 homolog B (UNC5C) and 154 kb centromeric of the transcriptional start of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2 (PDHA2). The rearrangement creates a fusion gene, which includes the RORa1 exon 1 and UNC5C that is expressed in frame in adipocytes from the affected patients. We also show that this transcript is translated into a protein. From previous reports, it is shown that RORa1 is implicated in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism. We hypothesise that the obesity in this family is caused by (i) haploinsufficiency for RORa1 or, (ii) a gain of function mechanism mediated by the RORa1-UNC5C fusion gene.
|
|
