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- Maitre, Léa, et al.
(författare)
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State-of-the-art methods for exposure-health studies: Results from the exposome data challenge event
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exposome recognizes that individuals are exposed simultaneously to a multitude of different environmental factors and takes a holistic approach to the discovery of etiological factors for disease. However, challenges arise when trying to quantify the health effects of complex exposure mixtures. Analytical challenges include dealing with high dimensionality, studying the combined effects of these exposures and their interactions, integrating causal pathways, and integrating high-throughput omics layers. To tackle these challenges, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) held a data challenge event open to researchers from all over the world and from all expertises. Analysts had a chance to compete and apply state-of-the-art methods on a common partially simulated exposome dataset (based on real case data from the HELIX project) with multiple correlated exposure variables (P > 100 exposure variables) arising from general and personal environments at different time points, biological molecular data (multi-omics: DNA methylation, gene expression, proteins, metabolomics) and multiple clinical phenotypes in 1301 mother–child pairs. Most of the methods presented included feature selection or feature reduction to deal with the high dimensionality of the exposome dataset. Several approaches explicitly searched for combined effects of exposures and/or their interactions using linear index models or response surface methods, including Bayesian methods. Other methods dealt with the multi-omics dataset in mediation analyses using multiple-step approaches. Here we discuss features of the statistical models used and provide the data and codes used, so that analysts have examples of implementation and can learn how to use these methods. Overall, the exposome data challenge presented a unique opportunity for researchers from different disciplines to create and share state-of-the-art analytical methods, setting a new standard for open science in the exposome and environmental health field.
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| 2. |
- Morana, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Cubic or Not Cubic? Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Short-Range Order of Tin Halide Perovskites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 14, s. 2178-2186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tin-based metal halide perovskites with a composition of ASnX3 (where A= MA or FA and X = I or Br) have been investigated by means of X-ray total scattering techniques coupled to pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. These studies revealed that that none of the four perovskites has a cubic symmetry at the local scale and that a degree of increasing distortion is always present, in particular when the cation size is increased, i.e., from MA to FA, and the hardness of the anion is increased, i.e., from Br- to I-. Electronic structure calculations provided good agreement with experimental band gaps for the four perovskites when local dynamical distortions were included in the calculations. The averaged structure obtained from molecular dynamics simulations was consistent with experimental local structures determined via X-ray PDF, thus highlighting the robustness of computational modeling and strengthening the correlation between experimental and computational results.
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| 3. |
- Toivonen, Saija, et al.
(författare)
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Thriving or surviving? How the physical work setting at home was experienced globally during COVID-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Transdisciplinary Workplace Research Conference. - 9788890964183 ; 2022, s. 346-354
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most prominent and widely adopted COVID-19 countermeasures globally was the recommendation to work from home for all non-essential workers. Working from home (WFH) already entails many challenges, including difficulties in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Moreover, the COVID-19 enforced remote working differed from planned remote work, as it was unplanned and involuntary, not based on individual work activities, and excluded the use of third places. This study aims to establish how, on a global scale, demographics, time with company, andthe social and physical work setting at home affected employees’ satisfaction with their physical work setting during the pandemic. The study employs a quantitative research approach utilizing secondary data comprising 137,289 respondents from 77 countries globally. Employees’ experienced suitability of their physical work setting at home are regressed on demographic factors (age, gender), time with company, presence of others at home, type of work space, satisfaction with desk and chair, access to IT devices and tools, and country, using a linear probability model.The study finds that the majority of the respondents globally, ca 61%, felt that their physical work setting at home was suitable. Women had a higher probability of being satisfied than men, and older employees a higher probability of satisfaction than younger employees. Recent recruits also had a higher probability of satisfaction. The presence of family members reduced the probability of satisfaction, presence of friends and flatmates even more so. No having a dedicated work room also reduced the probability of satisfaction, while satisfaction with desk, chair and access to ITdevices and tools had a large positive effect. This study is among of the first to analyse employee experiences during COVID-19 on a truly global scale. As hybrid work continues to gain foothold, our findings are useful workplace managers in the post-pandemic era.
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