| 1. |
- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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| 5. |
- Procter, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous transition strength in the proton-unbound nucleus (109)(53)I56
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 704:3, s. 118-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lifetime measurement has been made for the first excited 11/2(+) state in the proton-unbound nucleus (109)(53)I56 using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method in conjunction with recoil-proton tagging. The experimental reduced transition probability is considerably smaller than the prediction of theoretical shell-model calculations using the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental reduced transition strengths in this work most likely arises from the inability of the current shell-model calculations to accurately account for the behavior of the unbound nuclear states.
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| 6. |
- Anderson, Beverley H., et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in CTC1, encoding conserved telomere maintenance component 1, cause Coats plus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:3, s. 338-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coats plus is a highly pleiotropic disorder particularly affecting the eye, brain, bone and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that Coats plus results from mutations in CTC1, encoding conserved telomere maintenance component 1, a member of the mammalian homolog of the yeast heterotrimeric CST telomeric capping complex. Consistent with the observation of shortened telomeres in an Arabidopsis CTC1 mutant and the phenotypic overlap of Coats plus with the telomeric maintenance disorders comprising dyskeratosis congenita, we observed shortened telomeres in three individuals with Coats plus and an increase in spontaneous gamma H2AX-positive cells in cell lines derived from two affected individuals. CTC1 is also a subunit of the alpha-accessory factor (AAF) complex, stimulating the activity of DNA polymerase-alpha primase, the only enzyme known to initiate DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Thus, CTC1 may have a function in DNA metabolism that is necessary for but not specific to telomeric integrity.
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| 7. |
- Bäck, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime measurement of the first excited 2(+) state in (108)Te
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 84:4, s. 041306-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime of the first excited 2(+) state in the neutron deficient nuclide (108)Te has been measured for the first time, using a combined recoil decay tagging and recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The deduced reduced transition probability is B(E2;0(g.s.)(+) -> 2(+)) = 0.39(-0.04)(+0.05)e(2)b(2). Compared to previous experimental data on neutron deficient tellurium isotopes, the new data point constitutes a large step (six neutrons) toward the N = 50 shell closure. In contrast to what has earlier been reported for the light tin isotopes, our result for tellurium does not show any enhanced transition probability with respect to the theoretical predictions and the tellurium systematics including the new data is successfully reproduced by state-of-the-art shell model calculations.
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| 8. |
- Procter, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Isomer-tagged differential-plunger measurements in Xe-113(54)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 87:1, s. 014308-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 278-keV M2 gamma decay from the vh(11/2) isomeric state in Xe-113 has been observed for the first time using the recoil-isomer tagging technique. The half-life of the isomer has been measured to be 6.9(3) mu s. The derived B(M2) value is in agreement with the trend of systematic measurements of M2 transition strengths in neutron-deficient tellurium and tin isotopes. The lifetime of the first excited state in the vh(11/2) band has been measured using the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. The extracted B(E2) value has been compared to theoretical CD-Bonn calculations and recent lifetime measurements in Te-109. This comparison of B(E2) values has been used to shed light on the possible influence of collective degrees of freedom on M2 transition strengths in the most neutron-deficient xenon nuclei. The vh(11/2) band is deduced to have a degree of deformation comparable with the ground-state bands of the even-mass xenon isotopes. However, the value deduced in this work indicates a loss of collective behavior when compared with the lower-mass Te-109. This result suggests that, while changes in deformation may be partly responsible for the observed trend in B(M2) values for increasing Z, other effects may also be present.
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| 9. |
- Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz, et al.
(författare)
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High-spin study of 162Ta
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 84:6, s. 064312-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the odd-odd neutron deficient nucleus (162)Ta (Z = 73, N = 89) have been studied for the first time. The gamma spectroscopy analysis using gamma - gamma - gamma coincidences revealed a strongly coupled rotational structure that was established up to large angular momentum states. The rotational band was assigned to the configuration pi h(11/2)[514]9/2 circle times nu i(13/2)[660]1/2 based on its rotational and electromagnetic properties. The data are interpreted within the framework of total Routhian surface calculations, which suggests an axially symmetric shape with a gamma-softminimum at beta(2) approximate to 0.16 and gamma approximate to 6 degrees. The crossing of the signature partners observed in heavier (N >= 91) odd-odd nuclides in this mass region is found to be absent at N = 89. This might be correlated with a change in S-band structure above the paired band crossing at these neutron numbers.
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| 10. |
- Godoy, Patricio, et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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| 11. |
- Bailey, S. C. C., et al.
(författare)
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Obtaining accurate mean velocity measurements in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers using Pitot tubes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 715, s. 642-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on one component of a larger study on measurement of the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent flat plate boundary layer, in which a detailed investigation was conducted of the suite of corrections required for mean velocity measurements performed using Pitot tubes. In particular, the corrections for velocity shear across the tube and for blockage effects which occur when the tube is in close proximity to the wall were investigated using measurements from Pitot tubes of five different diameters, in two different facilities, and at five different Reynolds numbers ranging from Reθ = 11 100 to 67 000. Only small differences were found amongst commonly used corrections for velocity shear, but improvements were found for existing near-wall proximity corrections. Corrections for the nonlinear averaging of the velocity fluctuations were also investigated, and the results compared to hot-wire data taken as part of the same measurement campaign. The streamwise turbulence-intensity correction was found to be of comparable magnitude to that of the shear correction, and found to bring the hot-wire and Pitot results into closer agreement when applied to the data, along with the other corrections discussed and refined here.
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| 12. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of 92Pd
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 469:7328, s. 68-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work(1) that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing(2-6), in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus Pd-92. Gamma rays emitted following the Ni-58(Ar-36,2n)Pd-92 fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution c-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction(2-6). We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling(7,8)) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.
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| 13. |
- Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Character of particle-hole excitations in Ru-94 deduced from gamma-ray angular correlation and linear polarization measurements
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 89:1, s. 014301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear polarization and angular correlations of gamma-rays depopulating excited states in the neutron-deficient nucleus Ru-94(44)50 have been measured, enabling firm spin-parity assignments for several excited states in this nucleus. The deduced multipolarities of strong transitions in the yrast structure were found to be mostly of stretched M1, E1, and E2 types and, in most cases, in agreement with previous tentative assignments. The deduced multipolarity of the 1869 keV and the connecting 257 and 1641 keV transitions indicates that the state at 6358 keV excitation energy has spin parity 12(1)(-) rather than 12(3)(+) as proposed in previous works. The presence of a 12(1)(-) state is interpreted within the framework of large-scale shell-model calculations as a pure proton-hole state dominated by the pi(p(1/2)(-1)circle times g(9/2)(-5)) and pi(p(3/2)(-1) g(9/2)(-5)) configurations. A new positive-parity state is observed at 6103 keV and is tentatively assigned as 12(2)(+). The 14(1)(-) state proposed earlier is reassigned as 13(4)(-) and is interpreted as being dominated by neutron particle-hole core excitations. The strengths of several E1 transitions have been measured and are found to provide a signature of core-excited configurations.
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| 14. |
- Hadinia, B., et al.
(författare)
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IN-BEAM gamma-RAY SPECTROSCOPY ABOVE THE HIGH-SPIN ISOMERIC STATE IN Lu-155
- 2013
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Ingår i: CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. ; , s. 139-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in Lu-155 have been studied at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland. The Lu-155 nuclei were populated using the reaction of Ni-58 on (102)pd at a beam energy of 280 MeV. The nuclei of interest were selected using the RITU gas filled recoil separator and the prompt gamma rays belonging to 155Lu were identified using the recoil-decay tagging technique. The gamma-ray transitions de-exciting the excited states above the high-spin isomeric a-decaying state in Lu-155 have been identified. A gamma-ray coincidence analysis shows that the previously reported level scheme for Lu-155 should be revised.
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| 15. |
- Vaicik, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Laminin alpha 4 Deficient Mice Exhibit Decreased Capacity for Adipose Tissue Expansion and Weight Gain
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to the increasing medical burdens related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion could lead to therapeutics that eliminate or reduce obesity-associated morbidity and mortality. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to regulate the development and function of numerous tissues and organs. However, there is little understanding of its function in adipose tissue. In this manuscript we describe the role of laminin alpha 4, a specialized ECM protein surrounding adipocytes, on weight gain and adipose tissue function. Adipose tissue accumulation, lipogenesis, and structure were examined in mice with a null mutation of the laminin alpha 4 gene (Lama4(+/+)) and compared to wild-type (Lama4(+/+)) control animals. Lama4(-/-) mice exhibited reduced weight gain in response to both age and high fat diet. Interestingly, the mice had decreased adipose tissue mass and altered lipogenesis in a depot-specific manner. In particular, epididymal adipose tissue mass was specifically decreased in knock-out mice, and there was also a defect in lipogenesis in this depot as well. In contrast, no such differences were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue at 14 weeks. The results suggest that laminin alpha 4 influences adipose tissue structure and function in a depot-specific manner. Alterations in laminin composition offers insight into the roll the ECM potentially plays in modulating cellular behavior in adipose tissue expansion.
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| 16. |
- Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopy of the neutron-deficient N=50 nucleus Rh-95
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 89:4, s. 044310-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron-deficient semimagic (neutron number N = 50) Rh-95 nucleus has been produced at high spins using the projectile-target system Ca-40 + Ni-58 at 125 MeV beam energy. The gamma-decays of levels populated by the 3p fusion evaporation reaction channel were studied using gamma-gamma coincidences, and 20 new gamma-ray transitions involving 15 new positive-and negative-parity states were observed. Spin and parity for many of the excited states were firmly deduced for the first time using the combined directional angular correlation and direction-polarization techniques. The observed structures are discussed within the framework of large-scale shell model calculations. E1 transition strengths were deduced and used together with the results of the shell model calculations to study the contribution of different particle-hole configurations, in particular for analyzing contributions from core-excited configurations.
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| 17. |
- Green, Richard E., et al.
(författare)
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Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1335-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide context for the diversification of archosaurs-the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds-we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians: Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the comparatively rapid evolution is derived in birds. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs, thereby providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Shankar, Esaki M., et al.
(författare)
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HIV-Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection: a `danger-couplemodel of disease pathogenesis
- 2014
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Ingår i: PATHOGENS AND DISEASE. - : Wiley / Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2049-632X. ; 70:2, s. 110-118
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection interfere and impact the pathogenesis phenomena of each other. Owing to atypical clinical presentations and diagnostic complications, HIV/TB co-infection continues to be a menace for healthcare providers. Although the increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a reduction in HIV-associated opportunistic infections and mortality, the concurrent management of HIV/TB co-infection remains a challenge owing to adverse effects, complex drug interactions, overlapping toxicities and tuberculosis -associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Several hypotheses have been put forward for the exacerbation of tuberculosis by HIV and vice versa supported by immunological studies. Discussion on the mechanisms produced by infectious cofactors with impact on disease pathology could shed light on how to design potential interventions that could decelerate disease progression. With no vaccine for HIV and lack of an effective vaccine for tuberculosis, it is essential to design strategies against HIV–TB co-infection.
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| 20. |
- Ahola, Virpi, et al.
(författare)
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The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 4737-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n = 31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n = 31 for at least 140 My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths.
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| 21. |
- Andreyev, A. N., et al.
(författare)
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Signatures of the Z=82 shell closure in alpha-decay process
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 110:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent experiments at the velocity filter Separator for Heavy Ion reaction Products (SHIP) (GSI, Darmstadt), an extended and improved set of α-decay data for more than 20 of the most neutron-deficient isotopes in the region from lead to thorium was obtained. The combined analysis of this newly available α-decay data, of which the Po186 decay is reported here, allowed us for the first time to clearly show that crossing the Z=82 shell to higher proton numbers strongly accelerates the α decay. From the experimental data, the α-particle formation probabilities are deduced following the Universal Decay Law approach. The formation probabilities are discussed in the framework of the pairing force acting among the protons and the neutrons forming the α particle. A striking resemblance between the phenomenological pairing gap deduced from experimental binding energies and the formation probabilities is noted. These findings support the conjecture that both the N=126 and Z=82 shell closures strongly influence the α-formation probability.
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| 22. |
- Bard-Chapeau, Emilie A, et al.
(författare)
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Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes driving hepatocellular carcinoma in a chronic hepatitis B mouse model.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). To better understand the evolutionary forces driving HCC, we performed a near-saturating transposon mutagenesis screen in a mouse HBV model of HCC. This screen identified 21 candidate early stage drivers and a very large number (2,860) of candidate later stage drivers that were enriched for genes that are mutated, deregulated or functioning in signaling pathways important for human HCC, with a striking 1,199 genes being linked to cellular metabolic processes. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of HCC.
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| 23. |
- Carobbio, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive changes of the Insig1/SREBP1/SCD1 set point help adipose tissue to cope with increased storage demands of obesity
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : Cell Press. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 62:11, s. 3697-3708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The epidemic of obesity imposes unprecedented challenges on human adipose tissue (WAT) storage capacity that may benefit from adaptive mechanisms to maintain adipocyte functionality. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the regulatory feedback set point control of Insig1/SREBP1 represent an adaptive response that preserves WAT lipid homeostasis in obese and insulin-resistant states. In our experiments, we show that Insig1 mRNA expression decreases in WAT from mice with obesity-associated insulin resistance and from morbidly obese humans and in in vitro models of adipocyte insulin resistance. Insig1 downregulation is part of an adaptive response that promotes the maintenance of SREBP1 maturation and facilitates lipogenesis and availability of appropriate levels of fatty acid unsaturation, partially compensating the antilipogenic effect associated with insulin resistance. We describe for the first time the existence of this adaptive mechanism in WAT, which involves Insig1/SREBP1 and preserves the degree of lipid unsaturation under conditions of obesity-induced insulin resistance. These adaptive mechanisms contribute to maintain lipid desaturation through preferential SCD1 regulation and facilitate fat storage in WAT, despite on-going metabolic stress.
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| 24. |
- Cubillas, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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AFM and HRSEM Invesitigation of Zeolite A Crystal Growth. Part 1 : In the Absence of Organic Additives
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:25, s. 12567-12574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystallization of zeolite A by the verified synthesis method was studied by means of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These methods show an evolution in the growth mode of zeolite A from an adhesive type at the beginning of the synthesis (high supersaturation) to birth-and-spread growth at the end of the synthesis (low supersaturation). Additionally, HRSEM provides direct proof on the formation of zeolite A crystals at the surface of the amorphous gel and the aggregation of crystals at early stages of synthesis, which leads to intergrowth formation. For the first time, high-resolution AFM images were taken on the {110} and {111} faces of zeolite A. Growth on {110} faces takes place by a birth-and-spread mechanism, and the shape of the terraces is rectangular, with growth along the < 100 > directions being twice as fast as in the < 110 > directions. Growth on the {111} faces also takes place by a birth-and-spread mechanism via triangular-shaped terraces with edges parallel to < 110 > directions. Possible surface terminations for both faces are discussed, and crystal habit and surface topography are modeled by Monte Carlo simulations.
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| 25. |
- El Tahir, M. El Haj, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Methods for Estimation of Regional Actual Evapotranspiration in Data Scarce Regions : Blue Nile Region, Eastern Sudan
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of hydrologic engineering. - 1084-0699 .- 1943-5584. ; 17:4, s. 578-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote sensing techniques enable estimation of regional evapotranspiration (AE) over large areas instead of point calculation and it also saves resources otherwise invested in monitoring instruments. The aim of this paper is to compare actual evapotranspiration (AE) estimated using the remote sensing method, the modified Thornthwaite water balance method (WB), and the complementary relationship method (GG) in the Blue Nile, Eastern Sudan. The satellite based Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model is used with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data to estimate daily AE. The WB method is used as benchmark data when comparing the three methods. The results show that: (1) In the dry season (November-April), the SEBAL and GG methods give higher values than the WB method; (2) during the rainy season (May-October), the three methods give comparable results, where there is better agreement between SEBAL and WB than between GG and WB; (3) the spatial distribution pattern of monthly AE estimated by the SEBAL method during the dry season is mainly determined by the land-use type and whether there is irrigation taking place or not. However, in the rainy season, the spatial distribution pattern of monthly AE is mainly determined by the seasonal spatial distribution pattern of rainfall in the region.
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| 26. |
- Jiang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic moments of low-lying states in tin isotopes within the nucleon-pair approximation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 89:1, s. 014320-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnetic moments of the first excited 2(+) state in even-even nuclei Sn102-130 and the low-lying yrast states in odd-mass nuclei Sn-101-109,Sn-123-131 are calculated within the framework of the nucleon-pair approximation (NPA) of the shell model, by using the standard multipole-multipole interaction. Our calculations agree reasonably well with available experimental data. The g(2(1)(+)) values, as well as the contributions from their spin and orbital angular momentum components, are evaluated in terms of the small NPA subspace spanned by S and D nucleon pairs. The magnetic moment is suggested to be a sensitive probe of the nuclear wave function in this region.
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| 27. |
- Jiang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleon pair approximation description of the low-lying structure of Te-108,Te-109 and I-109
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 88:4, s. 044332-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low-lying level schemes and electromagnetic transitions of Te-109, I-109, and the neighboring even-even nucleus Te-108 are calculated within the framework of the SD-pair approximation of the nuclear shell model. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated results and experimental data. The favored components of low-lying bands are discussed in the collective nucleon-pair subspace. The weak-coupling picture shown in these nuclei and its relationship with residual quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between valence protons and neutrons are analyzed.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Serial Femtosecond Crystallography of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 342:6165, s. 1521-1524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray crystallography of G protein-coupled receptors and other membrane proteins is hampered by difficulties associated with growing sufficiently large crystals that withstand radiation damage and yield high-resolution data at synchrotron sources. We used an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with individual 50-femtosecond-duration x-ray pulses to minimize radiation damage and obtained a high-resolution room-temperature structure of a human serotonin receptor using sub-10-micrometer microcrystals grown in a membrane mimetic matrix known as lipidic cubic phase. Compared with the structure solved by using traditional microcrystallography from cryo-cooled crystals of about two orders of magnitude larger volume, the room-temperature XFEL structure displays a distinct distribution of thermal motions and conformations of residues that likely more accurately represent the receptor structure and dynamics in a cellular environment.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ngongondo, Cosmo S., et al.
(författare)
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Regional frequency analysis of rainfall extremes in Southern Malawi using the index rainfall and L-moments approaches
- 2011
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Ingår i: Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3240 .- 1436-3259. ; 25:7, s. 939-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rainfall extremes often result in the occurrence of flood events with associated loss of life and infrastructure in Malawi. However, an understanding of the frequency of occurrence of such extreme events either for design or disaster planning purposes is often limited by data availability at the desired temporal and spatial scales. Regionalisation, which involves "trading time for space" by pooling together observations for stations with similar behavior, is an alternative approach for more accurate determination of extreme events even at ungauged areas or sites with short records. In this study, regional frequency analysis of rainfall extremes in Southern Malawi, large parts of which are flood prone, was undertaken. Observed 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day annual maximum rainfall series for the period 1978-2007 at 23 selected rainfall stations in Southern Malawi were analysed. Cluster analysis using scaled at-site characteristics was used to determine homogeneous rainfall regions. L-moments were applied to derive regional index rainfall quantiles. The procedure also validated the three rainfall regions identified through homogeneity and heterogeneity tests based on Monte Carlo simulations with regional average L-moment ratios fitted to the Kappa distribution. Based on assessments of the accuracy of the derived index rainfall quantiles, it was concluded that the performance of this regional approach was satisfactory when validated for sites not included in the sample data. The study provides an estimate of the regional characteristics of rainfall extremes that can be useful in among others flood mitigation and engineering design.
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| 32. |
- Qi, Chong, et al.
(författare)
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Abrupt changes in alpha-decay systematics as a manifestation of collective nuclear modes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 81:6, s. 064319-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An abrupt change in alpha-decay systematics around the N = 126 neutron shell closure is discussed. It is explained as a sudden hindrance of the clustering of the nucleons that eventually form the a particle. This is because the clustering induced by the pairing mode acting upon the four nucleons is inhibited if the configuration space does not allow a proper manifestation of the pairing collectivity.
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| 33. |
- Qi, Chong, et al.
(författare)
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On the validity of the Geiger-Nuttall alpha-decay law and its microscopic basis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 734, s. 203-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Geiger-Nuttall (GN) law relates the partial alpha-decay half-life with the energy of the escaping alpha particle and contains for every isotopic chain two experimentally determined coefficients. The expression is supported by several phenomenological approaches, however its coefficients lack a fully microscopic basis. In this paper we will show that: (1) the empirical coefficients that appear in the GN law have a deep physical meaning, and (2) the GN law is successful within the restricted experimental data sets available so far, but is not valid in general. We will show that, when the dependence of logarithm values of the alpha formation probability on the neutron number is not linear or constant, the GN law is broken. For the alpha decay of neutron-deficient nucleus Po-186, the difference between the experimental half-life and that predicted by the GN law is as large as one order of magnitude.
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| 34. |
- Qi, Chong, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of alpha formation probability around the N = 126 shell closure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Frontiers In Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics, And Reactions (FINUSTAR 3). - : AIP. - 9780735409378 ; , s. 296-300
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- alpha formation amplitudes extracted from experimental data are presented and an abrupt change around the N = 126 shell closure is noted. It is explained as a sudden hindrance of the clustering of nucleons. The clustering induced by the pairing mode acting upon the four nucleons is inhibited if the configuration space does not allow a proper manifestation of the pairing collectivity.
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| 35. |
- Weierstall, Uwe, et al.
(författare)
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Lipidic cubic phase injector facilitates membrane protein serial femtosecond crystallography
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 3309-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipidic cubic phase (LCP) crystallization has proven successful for high-resolution structure determination of challenging membrane proteins. Here we present a technique for extruding gel-like LCP with embedded membrane protein microcrystals, providing a continuously renewed source of material for serial femtosecond crystallography. Data collected from sub-10-mu m-sized crystals produced with less than 0.5 mg of purified protein yield structural insights regarding cyclopamine binding to the Smoothened receptor.
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| 36. |
- Xu, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular structure of highly excited resonant states in Mg-24 and the corresponding Be-8+O-16 and C-12+C-12 decays
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 81:5, s. 054319-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exotic Be-8 and C-12 decays from high-lying resonances in Mg-24 are analyzed in terms of a cluster model. The calculated quantities agree well with the corresponding experimental data. It is found that the calculated decay widths are very sensitive to the angular momentum carried by the outgoing cluster. It is shown that this property makes cluster decay a powerful tool to determine the spin as well as the molecular structures of the resonances.
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| 37. |
- Xu, Chong-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical properties of the temperature, relative humidity, and net solar radiation in the Blue Nile-eastern Sudan region
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-798X .- 1434-4483. ; 101:3-4, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of the first stage of an ongoing project of evaluating the spatial and temporal variability of soil water as fundamental factors for vegetation regeneration in the arid ecosystems in the Blue Nile-eastern Sudan. The specific aim of the present study is to understand the temporal and spatial variations of the major climate variables in the region and discuss its relevance to regional climate variability and changes. In this case, we systematically analyze the major climate variables (maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, and net solar radiation). To evaluate the different characteristics of the climate variables, Mann-Kendall method, two-phase regression scheme, and wavelet transform technique are used; each method has its own strength and weakness, and the results of the three methods complement each other. The results show that the annual and seasonal maximum temperatures are increasing significantly. The annual minimum temperature and minimum temperature in dry seasons are decreasing. The minimum temperature in rainy season is increasing with a smaller rate as compared with the increase of maximum temperature in the season. The difference between maximum and minimum temperature is increasing in all the seasons. Net solar radiation in the region shows a significant increasing trend in all seasons, which corresponds well with the changes of maximum temperature. Besides, significant decreasing trends can be identified for relative humidity in all the seasons.
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