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- Sundin, Mats, 1956-
(författare)
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Bra läge men dåligt rykte : En jämförande historisk studie av tre stadsdelar i Borås, Eskilstuna och Gävle
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Centrally located problem areas of today, with suburban-like modernist architecture, are an anomaly in Sweden. The purpose of the present study is to investigate this Swedish anomaly by comparing three such city sections – Norrby in Borås, Nyfors in Eskilstuna and Öster in Gävle – and to try to answer the question: what type of case is this? To answer this question, a theoretical perspective distinguishing habitation, population and images is developed using concepts from Bourdieu, Elias and Scotson, Goffman, Lefebvre and Østerberg. Methodologically, this is a detailed comparative case study of the history of these three city sections in three or four phases, from before to after their thorough urban renewal in the 1960s. Once, these habitations developed in concert with their city into a working-class area, just beside the city centre, but beyond the railway station. After WWII, they became subjects of renewal, thus afflicted by a slum process that preceded demolition. The new habitation was planned for housing a working-class population. Suburban-like in shape, it was nevertheless part of an inner-city renewal. The new habitation became a target for critique already during the renewal process, a critique that was cast in the same terms as the critique of the suburbs of the time: Images of poor and troublesome outdoor milieus, social problems of different kinds, empty apartments, high turn over, immigrants and refugees were produced, in the media but also by the inhabitants and their organizations, giving the city section a bad reputation. This was to last until the present. Yet with new investment in attractive housing in adjacent brown field areas, these areas have once again become the subject of renewal. Consequently, these areas can be identified as a case of a good location with a bad reputation, emerging from the inner-city renewal of a former working-class habitation.
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- Öhman, Marie, 1958-
(författare)
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Kropp och makt i rörelse
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Body and Power in MotionThis dissertation is concerned with body and politics, or, more specifi cally body, power and governance. The central question is how specifi c individuals and bodies are constituted in the teaching of Physical Education (PE) in school. Inspired by Foucault’s work and the research fi eld that emanates from the concept of governmentality, one of the ambitions is to develop a method that facilitates the study of power and governance processes in teachers’ and students’ interactive actions and dealings. With the aid of this approach, 15 video-recorded physical education lessons in 5 Swedish nine-year compulsory schools are analysed in order to demonstrate how governance processes are included in the work and activities in terms of how the processes of governance–self-governance are staged, and the direction this takes. In using the term direction I am here referring to the content the governance is aiming towards, where the question of which subjects and bodies are constituted is of substantial interest. This means that the study not only focuses on what is done, but also on the way in which it is done, i.e. it analyses both process and content.The results show that physical exertion and the desire for physical work is a thread that runs though the analysed material. It is mainly scientifi c knowledge about the body that is referred to in actual teaching practice. This is displayed through the use of a scientifi cally inspired language when talking about the body, where effects on muscles and degrees of oxygen intake are considered in connection with the physical activities. In connection with physical exertion, pupils are encouraged to do their best, try the activities on offer, cooperate with others and face challenges. In line with the governmentality perspective’s problematisation of the process governance–self-governance, the study highlights a governance mentality that is not characterised by coercion, but is rather directed towards different components of willingness where the students are expected to be participatory, take responsibility and govern their own actions in the direction of that which is most desirable and reasonable. The willingness component appears as the actual hub of character-building, were the students ought to be physically active, should want to do their best, be willing to try, should want to show solidarity and should want to defeat the others. The process of governance–self-governance is staged as different ways of appealing to one’s willingness in the activities studied. Specifi c governance techniques are used to support and promote self-governance work, i.e. different forms of encouragement strengthen the correct action, emphasising physical exertion as pleasurable and focuses on the fact that we are all involved in a common project. In the dissertation it is shown how the body is included in a socio-political context. Through the body the individual is turned into a participant of physical projects concerned with becoming a certain kind of social citizen. The body thus symbolises the complex encounter between the individual and society. In this way the study demonstrates and highlights tendencies that are evident in modern society. It is thus a narrative that indicates how we all become part of a discourse system.
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- Eriksson, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Community-Level Analysis of psbA Gene Sequences and Irgarol Tolerance in Marine Periphyton
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 75:4, s. 897-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes psbA gene sequences, predicted D1 protein sequences, species relative abundance, and pollution-induced community tolerance in marine periphyton communities exposed to the antifouling compound Irgarol 1051. The mechanism of action of Irgarol is the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport at photosystem II by binding to the D1 protein. The metagenome of the communities was used to produce clone libraries containing fragments of the psbA gene encoding the D1 protein. Community tolerance was quantified with a short-term test for the inhibition of photosynthesis. The communities were established in a continuous flow of natural seawater through microcosms with or without added Irgarol. The selection pressure from Irgarol resulted in an altered species composition and an inducted community tolerance to Irgarol. Moreover, there was a very high diversity in the psbA gene sequences in the periphyton, and the composition of psbA and D1 fragments within the communities was dramatically altered by increased Irgarol exposure. Even though tolerance to this type of compound in land plants often depends on a single amino acid substitution (Ser(264)-> Gly) in the D1 protein, this was not the case for marine periphyton species. Instead, the tolerance mechanism likely involves increased degradation of D1. When we compared sequences from low and high Irgarol exposure, differences in nonconserved amino acids were found only in the so-called PEST region of D1, which is involved in regulating its degradation. Our results suggest that environmental contamination with Irgarol has led to selection for high-turnover D1 proteins in marine periphyton communities at the west coast of Sweden.
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- Franzén, Mats, 1948-
(författare)
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Inledning (Introduction)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Den amerikanska storstadens liv och förfall. - Göteborg : Daidalos. - 9171732160 ; , s. 9-12
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Franzén, Mats
(författare)
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Matters of urban segregation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. - Stockholm : KTH.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Franzén, Mats
(författare)
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Partly Stockholm, the City Synopsis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Stockholm-Belgrade. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien. - 9174023624 ; , s. 46-54
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Franzén, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsala as a university city
- 2008
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Ingår i: Univer-city. - Lund : Sekel. - 9789185767182 ; , s. 89-100
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Schéele, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Laminin {alpha}1 globular domains 4-5 induce fetal development but are not vital for embryonic basement membrane assembly.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 102:5, s. 1502-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- basement membrane (BM) assembly, which is required for pregastrulation development. Individual domains may have other functions, not necessarily structural. The cell binding C terminus of Lm {alpha}1 chain contains five Lm globular (LG) domains. In vitro, {alpha}1LG1–3 domains bind integrins, and {alpha}1LG4 binds dystroglycan, heparin, and sulfatides. A prevailing hypothesis is that {alpha}1LG4 is crucial as a structural domain for BM assembly, whereas integrin-binding sites conduct signaling. The in vivo role of {alpha}1LG4–5 (also called E3) has not been studied. Mice lacking {alpha}1LG4–5 were therefore made. Null embryos implanted, but presumptive epiblast cells failed to polarize and did not survive past day 6.5. BM components including truncated Lm {alpha}1 were detected in Reichert's membrane. Surprisingly, embryonic BM assembly between visceral endoderm and stem cells was normal in null embryos and in embryoid bodies of {alpha}1LG4–5-null embryonic stem cells. Yet, stem cells could not develop into polarized epiblast cells. Thus, {alpha}1LG4–5 provides vital signals for the conversion of stem cells to polarized epithelium.
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- Tamás, Éva, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise radionuclide ventriculography for predicting postoperative left ventricular function in chronic aortic regurgitation
- 2009
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Elsevier. - 1936-878X. ; 2:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Ejection fraction (EF) reaction upon exercise by radionuclide ventriculography and standard echocardiographic parameters was evaluated as predictors for post-operative left ventricular (LV) function in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). Background: The optimal timing of surgery for chronic AR is when the left ventricle is still compensating for the volume and pressure overload without irreversible dysfunction. For asymptomatic patients when EF is normal and LV diameters are borderline, exercise testing is recommended by present guidelines. However, only a limited number of studies have been performed, and data are scarce on this subject. Methods: Radionuclide ventriculography with multiple gated acquisition at rest and during exercise was performed in 29 consecutive patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively. Patient subgroups were formed based on pre-operative EF exercise response (ΔEF) and were categorized as decreasing (ΔEF <−5%), unaltered (−5% ≤ ΔEF ≤ 5%), and increasing (ΔEF > 5%). A 5% or higher increase was considered normal. The LV diameters and mass were measured by echocardiography. Results: Pre-operative LV diameters were markedly elevated before surgery and diminished significantly after surgery. Left ventricular diameters, LV mass, EF at rest (EFrest), and EF change from rest to exercise (ΔEF) were independent of New York Heart Association functional class. Pre-operative end-diastolic diameter proved to be a predictor for pre- and post-operative ΔEF (p = 0.003; p = 0.04) but not for the nature of the exercise response post-operatively. Patients with decreasing and unaltered EF pre-operatively presented a significantly higher but still abnormal ΔEF post-operatively. Those with increasing EF pre-operatively had a similar response and a normal ΔEF post-operatively. Pre-operative ΔEF was not only a predictor for post-operative ΔEF (p = 0.02) but also classified patients into post-operative subgroups (EF decreasing, p = 0.03; unaltered, p = 0.02; increasing, p = 0.0008). Conclusions: An abnormal EF response to exercise may also occur in patients who do not fulfill criteria for surgery based on LV dimensions or EF. A follow-up of exercise LV function and adjusting the timing of surgery according to the nature of exercise response could, therefore, be beneficial.
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| 42. |
- Urban, Susanne, 1966-
(författare)
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Att ordna staden : Den nya storstadspolitiken växer fram
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sociology of the city has two faces: one of threat and one of promises. Originally, the city was portrayed as a threat to social life and individual identity, while, in contrast, the neighbourhood was seen to include the promise of restoring basic social relations to the web of city life. Later, the neighbourhood itself came to be perceived as a threat, as it was seen to separate people from one another. The solution to this dilemma was that the neighbourhood should be an arena for meetings between different groups, supplying not strong ‘excluding’ bonds, but subtle ‘bridge-building’ ones.The aim of the first part in the thesis is to study the public view of the neighbourhood and its significance for social integration. The aim of the second part is to investigate the new metropolitan policy approach to attain the challenging goal of integration at the local municipal level. This is explored using the theoretical model of a democratic welfare society, as developed by Jürgen Habermas.Ethnic housing segregation, as a social problem, has evolved in several stages. In 1990 the promise became to combat ”problem areas” through various methods for integration, commitment, improved reputation, an increasing sense of community and environmental improvement. More recently, since 2000, the question of ethnic housing segregation appears to be being dealt with through a process of delegation of responsibility to various authorities with different areas of expertise and to local municipal authorities. This suggests a possible fragmentalization of approaches to ethnic housing segregation. In official discussion of ethnic housing segregation, an acknowledgement of the relational approach has been severely lacking. A review of the literature of neighbourhood effects shows that ethnic clustering can result in positive as well in negative effects. In a relational perspective, local networks are one of several other relations that, in combination with different structures and power distributions, effects integration between ethnic groups in the society.Principles from new metropolitan policy, referred to as ”bottom-up”, are similar to Habermas’ ideal. However, the concrete experiences highlight the difficulty in offering possibilities for rational communication, development of communicative knowledge, and even less communicative power. The new metropolitan policy has posed a new formulation of threat and promise. The dichotomy of segregation versus integration has developed into one of exclusion versus participation. The ideal has changed from formal to subjective integration, which includes civil participation in state business. The neighbourhood has served as one arena to start inclusive processes. The practice, on the contrary, is still dominated by measures aimed at making society work more efficiently through state intrusion into private matters i.e. governmentalization.
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- Vestbö-Franzén, Aadel, 1962-
(författare)
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Råg och rön : Om mat, människor och landskapsförändringar i norra Småland, ca 1550-1700
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why did the three-field system replace annual cropping in the north-eastern part of thr county of Jönköping? Three hypotheses are presented, of which only the first is verified. The first hypothesis concerns the 'rye-bread culture' which was widely spread in southern and eastern Sweden. In the medieval period, until 1550, rye was mainly sowed through slash-and-burn cultivation. In the 1550s the cultivation of rye was transferred from outlying land to the enclosed infields. The new food habits resulted in major physical changes in the cultivated landscape. In the western part of the county the system of annual cropping remained, as rye, due to climatic conditions - was cultivated in the spring. Formerly spring has been considered the most labour intensive part of the agricultural year. The second hypothesis was that three-course rotation was initiated in order to distribute the agricultural work more equally between spring and autumn. However, this theory was dismissed since it was evident that autumn - not spring - already ws the most intensive season. The third hypothesis, that field in fallow was introduces in order to expand the area for grazing, could also be dismissed as it was evident that the three-course rotation resulted in a shortage of pastyre. during the period 1650-1700 a process towards a more dynamic landscape can be seen in ehich over-exploited pastures were restored. A landscape with enclosed pastures began to develop, a landscape which became typical for Småland in the 18th and 19th centuries. The changes in the physical landscape were not externally initiated but rather the farmers' own strategy to adapt the landscape to the course of production.
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| 44. |
- Wahl, Thomas, 1967-
(författare)
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Motorikens retorik : Kroppsobservationer, översättningar och faktakonstruktioner: en diskursanalys
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of the discourse on children’s ability to control their body movements – the rhetoric of motorics (motor control). It takes an interest in the different practices that need to be dealt with if you would like to construct a description of bodiliness in a factual way, and it is particularly concerned with the practice of transforming observations of children’s bodiliness into literary inscriptions of motor control as well as the discursive actions that make these inscriptions credible and relevant. The study departures from a constructivist perspective and the aim of the thesis is to study how statements about motor control are possible, understandable, made relevant, and used in practice – dimensions that are believed to be connected.The data are gathered from settings that either keep or produce descriptions of children’s bodiliness. That includes journals on physical education, manuals for motorical tests, professional literatures that deal with subjects like motor control, medical records from school health care and professional statements from a child rehabilitation center. Using discourse analysis this data is studied in terms of interpretative repertoires, modalities, categorizations, representations and realities.At first focus is on the mobilization of actors and the practice of translating body knowledge into something relevant and important. After that theories and practices of observing motor control are highlighted by studying the laboratory settings, inscription devices and the professional vision of the observers. The study then moves on to the activities where the inscriptions constructed in the laboratories are mobilized to construct facts. Here the attention is placed on the practices of writing medical records and how statements about motor control are used in these types of text. Finally a reflexive move is made by comparing the rhetoric of motor control with the rhetoric used to convince the reader of this dissertation.
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