| 1. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Langefeld, Carl D., et al.
(författare)
-
Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (similar to 50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (P < 5 x 10(-8)), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SLE.
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| 4. |
- Sparv, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Analgesic Effect of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Substudy of the DETO2X-AMI Trial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 39, s. 546-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In this substudy of the DETO2X-AMI (An Efficacy and Outcome Study of Supplemental Oxygen Treatment in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Infarction) trial, the authors aimed to assess the analgesic effect of moderate-flow oxygen supplementation in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to study the effect of oxygen supplementation on the use of opiates and sedatives during PCI. Background: Routine oxygen in normoxemic patients with AMI does not provide clinical benefit. However, oxygen may relieve ischemic pain. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to oxygen or ambient air according to the main study protocol. After PCI, peak level of pain during PCI was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale. The total amount of opiates and sedatives was reported. Results: A total of 622 patients were enrolled: 330 in the oxygen group and 292 in the ambient air group. There was no significant difference in peak level of pain (oxygen 4.0 [1.0 to 6.0] vs. air 3.0 [0.6 to 6.0]; p = 0.37), use of opiates (mg) (oxygen 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0] vs. air 0.0 [0.0 to 3.0]; p = 0.31), or use of sedatives between the groups (median [interquartile range]) (oxygen 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5] vs. air 2.5 [0.0 to 2.5]; p = 0.74). Conclusions: In the present study, the authors did not find any analgesic effect of routine oxygen as compared with ambient air, and no differences in the use of sedatives and opiates during PCI. Our results indicate that moderate-flow oxygen supplementation does not relieve pain in normoxemic patients with suspected AMI undergoing treatment with PCI and should thus not be used for this purpose.
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| 5. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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MESH classification of clinical guidelinesusing conceptual embeddings of references
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th conference of the International society for scientometrics and informetrics, ISSI. - 9788833811185 ; , s. 859-864
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigate different strategies for assigning MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms to clinical guidelines using machine learning. Features based on words in titles and abstracts are investigated and compared to features based on topics assigned to references cited by the guidelines. Two of the feature engineering strategies utilize word embeddings produced by recent models based on in the distributional hypothesis, called word2vecand fastText. The evaluation results show that reference-based strategies tend to yield a higher recall and F1 scores for MeSH terms with a sufficient amount of training instances, whereas title and abstract based features yield a higher precision.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Fresh and ensiled crops - A new way to organize year-round substrate supply for a biogasplant : Report from a project within the collaborative research program Renewable transportationfuels and systems
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For crop-based biogas plants, the cost for buying the crops is a predominant production cost andefficient systems for production, harvesting, transportation and storage are therefore of major importance.Furthermore, there is a discussion going on about competition on land between food andenergy production. EU has decided to strongly limit the production of transportation fuel based oncrops grown on arable land. For crop-based biogas production it is therefore very interesting to examineways to reduce substrate costs for crops as well as to find alternative crops that are not competingwith food production.This project was carried out as a case study for two crop based biogas plants in Jordberga andÖrebro, both of them owned by Gasum AB, former Swedish Biogas International (SBI). The overallaim of the project was to reduce substrate costs by at least 10%, by organizing the supply ofcrops in a new way, combining fresh and ensiled crops. The underlying assumption was that substratecosts could be reduced by feeding fresh crops into the biogas digester during the harvest periodand thereby reduce costs for storage and avoid losses of dry matter during storage.The goal of this project was to improve cost calculations and develop an optimization model forsubstrate supply to analyze how different fresh and ensiled substrates should be best combined tominimize substrate costs during various times of the year. In the previous f3 financed project ”Optimizedlogistics for biogas production” a model based on linear programming was developed for optimizationand strategic planning of the logistics for biogas plants. In the present project, the modelwas further developed to optimize the supply for the year divided into different periods, instead ofon annual basis as in the previous project.[...]
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| 9. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
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Gäst i Sverige : Sanningsregimer, villkorade själv(re)presentationer och nationell tillhörighet vid moskévisningar i Stockholm
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation explores the regimes of truth surrounding Muslims in Sweden. The main focus lies on the production of knowledge regarding Muslims in the context of the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm. Special attention is given to how regimes of truth regarding Muslims inform the conversations during the visits, how they are debated in this particular arena and how that is dependent on positionality. It is a situation in which a Muslim, in the position of the guide, has an opportunity to present alternative storylines, or stories, about who Muslims are and what they do. The visitors for their part can assess, respond to and challenge those stories. In other words, the study explores who can speak with authority.The study is based mainly on participant observations made during 14 guided tours from 2003-2006 and on interviews with guides and visitors regarding their experiences on the respective tours. Most of the visitor groups were making study visits as a part of educational training. Seven of these were in primary and secondary education and two of them at the college level. Four groups came from social clubs at a workplace or from interest groups, and one was organised by Stockholm City Museum. To frame and contextualise the tours I have furthermore used data from mass media, mainly press clippings, but also features from TV shows. Other categories have been archival data, leaflets and brochures handed out at the mosque, as well as fictional books and a mailing list for Muslims. These sources have helped me discern regimes of truth that are, and are not, articulated on the guided tours.The central results concern the fact that the guides see the tours as a chance to alter other stories about Muslims and allow the visitors who tour the mosque to hear something that is not mediated or taught in school; however, they experience difficulties in terms of gaining credibility with regard to their presentation of alternative stories. Even when the guides talk about their private life, as is often the case, they are challenged and sometimes mistrusted. The guides, and hosts, use their private lives to explain their position in Sweden, but the visitors also expect them to expose their personal opinions regarding how they, as Muslims, would act in morally difficult scenarios; thus, the tours present a situation where the visitors seem more comfortable than the hosts. Another significant result is that both the guides and visitors expressed the importance of the tours becoming a respectful meeting place. Religiosity, religion and secularism seem in themselves to represent otherness. What is respectful in practice, however, is not very clear. There is an ongoing debate in Swedish society concerning whether it is respectful to shake hands with a Muslim in a working situation, as is customary in Sweden. Moreover, the showing of respect is given a gender dimension on the tours, since the main way to perform respect is for every woman to wear a robe when entering the mosque. Respect as a practice seems to be mired in social inequality.It seems difficult to become a guest if you are simultaneously appropriated the position of a Swede, and difficult to pass as a host if you position yourself as a Muslim.
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| 10. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
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I Sverige tar vi i hand
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Sånt vi bara gör. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173319553 ; , s. 17-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
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(O)bekväm (O)vetskap : Om bekvämlighetszoner under de guidade visningarna av en moské
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - Lund : FORSA. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 23:3-4, s. 303-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Un)comfortable (un)knowing. On comfort zones in the guided tours of a mosqueThis article, proceeding from the study I did for my thesis on the guided tours of the great mosque in Stockholm, discusses the situations that were characterized by a struggle for having the right knowledge and interpretative prerogative. The concept of comfort zone (Ahmed 2008), and how that is related to ideas of societal happiness, is central. It is a concept that opens up for analysis of how the exercise of power depends on the position of the speaker. During the tours there has been a rhetorical struggle to establish a comfort zone. The article explores the interlinking of knowledge and social positioning, and how positions decide the credibility of what is said.Acknowledging that there are regimes of truth surrounding Muslims in Sweden, the main focus lies on the production of knowledge regarding Muslims in the context of the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm. Special attention is given to how regimes of truth regarding Muslims inform the conversations during the visits, how they are debated in this particular arena and how that is dependent on positionality. It is a situation in which a Muslim, in the position of the guide, has an opportunity to present alternative storylines, or stories, about who Muslims are and what they do.During the visits there was a tendency for the guests to feel comfortable. In spite of being guests they managed the discomfort by recreating a comfort zone brought about by the alternative storylines. Seemingly objective and established knowledge on Muslims has had such an impact that it made the Muslim guides less trustworthy, even when they talk about personal experiences and their private lives, giving the guides a position of discomfort.
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| 12. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
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Respecting Swedish Muslims : Claims of Truth Concerning National and Religious Belonging in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ethnologia Scandinavica. - : Kungliga Gustav Adolfs Akademien. - 0348-9698. ; 47, s. 115-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I investigate the relation between national belonging in Sweden and religious belonging to Islam in Sweden and how that is related to the recurrent talk of respect during the guided tours of a mosque in Stockholm that I have studied. It is precisely that discussion on respect, in relation to national belonging in Sweden, which will be in focus in this article. Why has it been important to show respect on the guided tours of a mosque? What in the tours brings such issues to the fore? What personal convictions can be set aside or negotiated in the exercising of respect?
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| 13. |
- Gunnarsson, David, 1971-
(författare)
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Who is the same as me? On studying guided tours of a mosque
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conference Booklet. ; , s. 21-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For my thesis, I have analysed the guided tours of the great mosque in Stockholm from a postcolonial perspective. Part from participant observations of the tours, I have interviewed both guides and visitors. In this paper, I wish to explore how the knowledge production is affected by the makings of differences between both researcher and researched as well as between different participators in the study. What is the role of the body and appearance as a base for my analyses and interpretations of the tours? In the intersecting field of religion, race and gender bodily signs are interpreted and connected with certain frames of intelligibility, for example, making a female white Muslim guide coming off as eerie to one of the visitors. Further, in the analyses and descriptions of the tours I have been much more cautious about how I describe the (mostly Middle Eastern) guides than I have been in describing white Swedish visitors resulting in that I have described many of them as quite one dimensional and less complex in the analyses. This is, on the one hand, the result of taking into consideration the on-going othering of Muslims in Sweden and the Western world. On the other hand, in trying to resist that very othering of Muslims I reiterate it instead, in the sense that I as a researcher seem to perceive the guides as more other and therefore become more vigilant of what I believe that I can grasp.
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| 14. |
- Gunnarsson Lorentzen, David
(författare)
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Following Tweets Around : Informetric methodology for the Twittersphere
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to critically discuss methods to collect and analyse data related to the interaction and content on the social platform Twitter. The thesis contains examples of how networked communication can be studied on Twitter, based on the affordances of the platform considering interaction with interfaces and other users. The foundational problem is that social science Twitter research has been based on easily accessible data without introducing or discussing criteria for collecting appropriate samples for a given research task.The thesis builds on one literature review and four studies of political Twitter communication. The analyses are based on a view of the Twitter platform as a non-neutral filtering gatekeeper. On the one hand, Twitter treats content and users asymmetrically, by emphasising the popular. On the other hand, Twitter determines what data are available and how data can be accessed through the API (application programming interface). How Twitter provides access to the data in turn affects the analyses the researcher does. The central problem of the thesis is that researchers do not know what relevant data are not collected. Data collection based on keywords, hashtags or users creates data sets that contain fragments of conversations. To solve the problem, a new method was developed. By combining the hashtag and user-based methods, replies to collected tweets were stored, regardless if they contained a tracked hashtag or not.The four studies this thesis builds on show a complexity of collecting and analysing Twitter data. A key finding is that conversations beyond the hashtag can be quite extensive. As a consequence of this, communication networks based on hashtagged replies were found to be potentially very different from networks based on replies from a more complete data set, where non-hashtagged replies are also included. A network based on hashtagged communication is thus misleading compared to a complete communication network.Apart from that it is not entirely trivial to identify the parameters to define what should be studied; tests of the API showed that complete data sets cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is important to reflect on both the data collected and the data excluded, not only as a result of the sampling criteria but also what is not given access to. It is also important to be clear about the affordances for interaction that exist when the study is made, both in the user interface but also what API allows and permits.This research contributes with knowledge about how Twitter is used in the context being studied, but the main contribution is methodological. With the method developed, collection of more complete data sets is enabled, as is analysis of the conversations that take place on the platform. This results in more accurate measurements of the activity. Based on the results of this thesis, there are reasons to suspect that previous studies could differ in terms of results such as communication network size and shape, as well as the type of users that emerges as prominent in the material, compared to if replies that do not contain the studied hashtag had been collected.
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| 15. |
- Gunnarsson Lorentzen, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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On the potential for detecting scientific issues and controversies on Twitter : A method for investigation conversations mentioning research
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of ISSI.. ; , s. 2189-2198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we demonstrate how to collect Twitter conversations emanating from or referring to scientific papers. We propose segmenting the conversational threads into smaller segments and then compare them using information retrieval techniques, in order to find differences and similarities between discussions and within discussions. While the method still can be improved, the study shows that it is possible to collect larger conversations about research on Twitter, and that these are suitable for various automated methods. We do however identify a need to analyse these with qualitative methods as well.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hoymann, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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LTE Release 14 Outlook
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - : IEEE. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 54:6, s. 44-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Todays 4G LTE systems bring unprecedented mobile broadband performance to over a billion of users across the globe. Recently, work on a 5G mobile communication system has begun, and next to a new 5G air interface, LTE will be an essential component. The evolution of LTE will therefore strive to meet 5G requirements and to address 5G use cases. In this article, we provide an overview of foreseen key technology areas and components for LTE Release 14, including latency reductions, enhancements for machine-type communication, operation in unlicensed spectrum, massive multi-antenna systems, broadcasting, positioning, and support for intelligent transportation systems.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Mobarrez, Fariborz, et al.
(författare)
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Microparticles in the blood of patients with SLE : Size, content of mitochondria and role in circulating immune complexes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411 .- 1095-9157. ; 102, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Microparticles (MPs) are small extracellular vesicles released from apoptotic or activated cells through a blebbing process. MPs express surface molecules from their parental cells and they bind IgG to form circulating immune complexes (MP-ICs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Through investigation of MP size, IgG expression, content of nucleic acids and mitochondrial molecules, we hypothesized that unrecognized particle populations can be identified in SLE.METHODS: We investigated 327 well-characterized SLE patients and 304 controls divided into two sets (280/280 and 47/24). We measured MPs by flow cytometry using a gating strategy to encompass small (0.2-0.7 μm) and large (0.7-3.0 μm) MPs. Nucleic acids were labeled with SYTO 13 and mitochondria with MitoTracker. Expression of mitochondria markers TOM-20 and Hexokinase 1 and the presence of IgG was investigated.RESULTS: MPs staining with SYTO 13 were more frequent in 280 SLE patients compared to 280 controls. In 47 SLE patients, levels of large MPs were elevated compared to 24 controls. The majority of large MPs contained mitochondria (mitoMPs). The number of mitoMPs associated positively with high disease activity, anti-dsDNA antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with active lupus nephritis had higher levels of mitoMPs and IgG-positive mitoMPs.CONCLUSION: Blood of patients with SLE contain a previously unrecognized population of circulating large MPs with bound IgG and mitochondrial proteins. Levels of these particles are related to several measures of active SLE, suggesting that these structures may have a role in disease pathogenesis.
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| 20. |
- Mobarrez, Fariborz, et al.
(författare)
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Microparticles in the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) : phenotypic characterization and clinical associations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies and the formation of immune complexes. In these responses, the selecting self-antigens likely derive from the remains of dead and dying cells, as well as from disturbances in clearance. During cell death/activation, microparticles (MPs) can be released to the circulation. Previous MP studies in SLE have been limited in size and differ regarding numbers and phenotypes. Therefore, to characterize MPs more completely, we investigated 280 SLE patients and 280 individually matched controls. MPs were measured with flow cytometry and phenotyped according to phosphatidylserine expression (PS(+)/PS(-)), cellular origin and inflammatory markers. MPs, regardless of phenotype, are 2-10 times more abundant in SLE blood compared to controls. PS(-) MPs predominated in SLE, but not in controls (66% vs. 42%). Selectively in SLE, PS(-) MPs were more numerous in females and smokers. MP numbers decreased with declining renal function, but no clear association with disease activity was observed. The striking abundance of MPs, especially PS(-) MPs, suggests a generalized disturbance in SLE. MPs may be regarded as "liquid biopsies" to assess the production and clearance of dead, dying and activated cells, i.e. pivotal events for SLE pathogenesis.
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| 21. |
- Nelhans, Gustaf, 1973-
(författare)
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Twitter conversation patterns related to research papers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Information research. - 1368-1613. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. This paper deals with what academic texts and datasets are referred to and discussed on Twitter. We used document object identifiers as references to these items. Method. We streamed tweets from the Twitter application programming interface including the strings "dx" and "doi" while simultaneously streaming tweets posted by and to the authors of the tweets captured. By doing so we were able to capture tweets referring to a digital object as well as the replies to these tweets. Analysis. The captured tweets were analysed in different ways, both quantitatively and qualitatively. 1) Bibliometric analyses were made on the digital object identifiers, 2) the thirty of thesee most mentioned and retweeted were analysed and 3) the conversations with at least ten tweets were analysed using content analysis. Results. Research from the natural sciences was most prominent, as was research published in open access journals. Different types of conversations relating to the digital objects were found, both when looking at them qualitative and their visual structure in terms of nodes and arcs. The conversations involved academics but were not always academic in nature. Conclusions. Digital object identifiers were mainly referred to for self-promotion, as conversation starters or as arguments in discussions.
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| 22. |
- Niemi, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A Scoping Review and Conceptual Model of Social Participation and Mental Health among Refugees and Asylum Seekers
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social participation plays a key role in the integration of refugees and asylum seekers into their host societies, and is also closely tied to the mental health of those populations. The aim of this scoping review was to study how the concept of social participation is described in empirical research, and how it is associated with mental health outcomes.METHODS: In total, 64 studies were identified through searches in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. These studies describe various forms of social participation among refugees and asylum seekers, and 33 of them also addressed various forms of mental health outcomes.RESULTS: The identified studies described forms and conditions of social participation-both in the host country and transnationally-that could be synthesized into three broad dimensions: (1) Regulatory frameworks, conditions and initiatives; (2) Established societal organizations and social structures; and (3) Community organized groups. Each of these consisted of several sub-domains. The identified dimensions of social participation were also associated with psychosocial well-being and decreased psychological distress.CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for policies to enable and support the participation of refugees and asylum seekers in various dimensions of social structures in host societies. Social participation enhances resilience, re-establishes social lives, and acts as a protective factor against poor mental health outcomes.
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| 23. |
- Renman, David, et al.
(författare)
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Statin consumption as a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer : a retrospective case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : BioMed Central. - 1477-7819 .- 1477-7819. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Statins are the backbone of lipid-lowering therapy and are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the elderly population in Sweden today. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in men and women, after prostate and breast cancer, respectively, with a median age of 72 years at diagnosis. Statins induce mitochondrial damage leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the cell. Reactive oxygen species can cause mutations in mitochondrial as well as nuclear DNA leading to the development of cancer. Our hypothesis was that statins increase the risk for colorectal cancer.Methods: A case study was performed on consecutive cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed at Norrlands University Hospital (NUS) in Umeå between 2012 and 2015 (n = 325). Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II (DM II n = 65) were excluded in the primary endpoint analysis (occurrence of colorectal cancer). As control, three databases were used to create an age-matched population in order to calculate the proportion of inhabitants using statins in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. A secondary endpoint was cancer-specific survival among our study group of colorectal cancer patients, including those with DM II, investigating whether there was a difference if the patient was a 'recent' statin user or not at the time of diagnosis.Results: Statin use at the time of colorectal cancer diagnosis in the study group was 23.8%. The corresponding figure in an age-matched population in Västerbotten was 24.6%. Using a one-proportional one-sided z test, there was no significant difference between these (23.8%, 95% CI 18.6-29.0%, p = 0.601). When comparing groups 20-64 years of age, the difference was greater with recent statin use in 17.8% in the study population and 11.9% in Västerbotten (17.8%, 95% CI 9.0-26.6%, p = 0.059). When considering cancer-specific survival, no significant difference in survival was seen when comparing 'former/never' statin users as reference category with 'recent' users diagnosed with colorectal cancer (HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.89-2.16).Conclusions: No significant increase in risk for developing colorectal cancer among patients (type II diabetics excluded) medicated with statins was found. We found no correlation between 'recent' statin use at the time of diagnosis and cancer-specific survival.
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| 24. |
- Vaneeckhaute, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Closing nutrient loops through decentralized anaerobic digestion of organic residues in agricultural regions : A multi-dimensional sustainability assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 136, s. 110-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure and organic residues is a possible strategy to improve carbon and nutrient cycling within agricultural regions, meanwhile generating renewable energy. To date, there has been limited adoption of decentralized AD technology in industrialized countries owing to low profitability for plant operators. There remains a need to demonstrate the wider sustainability of small-scale, decentralized AD in order to justify policy support for such a strategy. This study applies a multi-dimensional assessment of the environmental, economic and social sustainability of two scenarios of decentralized, farm-scale AD of pig slurry and organic residues in Southern Sweden. The environmental dimension was assessed by means of an expanded boundary life cycle assessment, in which trade-offs between fertilizer replacement, soil organic carbon accumulation, digestate/manure storage and application, transport and soil emissions were evaluated. The economic dimension was assessed through modelling of the net present value and internal rate of return. Finally, the social dimension was assessed by means of a stakeholder perception inquiry among key stakeholders in the field. It was concluded that the overall environmental balance of decentralized AD was favorable, while also the net present value could be positive. Fertilizer replacement, soil organic carbon and digestate storage effects were identified as important factors that should be accounted for in future life cycle assessments. A key issue for interviewed stakeholders was product quality assurance. Wider application of multi-dimensional sustainability assessment, capturing important nutrient cycling effects, could provide an evidence base for policy to support sustainable deployment of decentralized AD.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Wallin, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Bokläsning och den svenska bokmarknaden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Storm och stiltje. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet: SOM-institutet.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här kapitlet behandlar frågor som på olika sätt rör böcker, bokläsning och distri-bution av e-litteratur på den svenska bokmarknaden. Exempelvis analyseras hur stor andel av svenska folket som läser böcker, i vilka format de läser, och hur ofta de läser. Olika samhällsgruppers läsvanor analyseras, liksom hur läsningen har förändrats över tid. Några av de resultat som framkommer är att läsning av e-böcker fortsätter öka. Andelen som läser e-fackböcker har ökat från 13 till 16 procent mellan 2017 och 2018 samtidigt som andelen läsare av e-skönlitteratur har ökat från 16 till 18 procent. Lyssning av ljudböcker har ökat för facklitteratur från 9 till 14 procent medan lyss-ning av skönlitteratur har ökat från 26 till 29 procent. Statistik från bokbranschen tyder på att allt fler använder sig av prenumerationstjänster för sin konsumtion av digitala böcker, vilket är en fråga som kommer att diskuteras i kapitlet tillsammans med tillgången till digitala böcker via folkbibliotek och bokhandel.
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