| 1. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 2. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in prevalence of COPD in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The smoking prevalence in Sweden has steadily decreased during three decades. The prevalence of COPD in Sweden in the 1990s and around the millennium shift was similar to neighboring European countries, i.e. estimated at 11-17%, and of moderate to severe COPD to 7-11%, in ages over 40y.Aim: Has the prevalence of chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and of COPD in Sweden decreased after decades of decreasing smoking prevalence?Methods: Within two large scale population studies in progress, the West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) and the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies (OLIN), the prevalence of COPD in ages 41-72y was calculated among randomly selected subjects from the general population in 2009-2012. The following post-bronchodilator definitions were used; CAO: FEV1/FVCResults: The prevalence of CAO based on the FEV1/FVCConclusion: As prevalence of COPD defined as chronic airway obstruction before and around the millennium shift was estimated at 11-17% in ages >40 years, the prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the decrease in smoking over decades is probably the main causal factor.
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| 5. |
- Backman, Helena, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Reference values for spirometry - report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies.
- 2015
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Ingår i: European clinical respiratory journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 2, s. Article number 26375-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abnormal lung function is commonly identified by comparing observed spirometric values to corresponding reference values. It is recommended that such reference values for spirometry are evaluated and updated frequently. The aim of this study was to estimate new reference values for Swedish adults by fitting a multivariable regression model to a healthy non-smoking general population sample from northern Sweden. Further aims were to evaluate the external validity of the obtained reference values on a contemporary sample from south-western Sweden, and to compare them to the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference values.
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| 6. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased importance of environmental risk factors for childhood asthma from 1996 to 2006.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222 .- 0954-7894. ; 45:1, s. 146-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large increase in asthma prevalence continues in several, but not all areas. Despite the individual risk factors that have been identified, the reasons for the observed trends in prevalence are largely unknown.
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| 7. |
- Bunne, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren : two cohorts compared 10 years apart
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 5:2, s. 457-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Time trends of incidence of allergic sensitization are unknown and recent trends of prevalence and risk factors are lacking.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence, prevalence, remission, risk factors, and time trends for allergic sensitization among schoolchildren followed from age 7 to 8 years to age 11 to 12 years.METHODS: In 2006, all children in grades 1 and 2 aged 7 to 8 years in 2 municipalities in northern Sweden were invited to a questionnaire survey and to skin prick testing to 10 common airborne allergens. The cohort was reexamined in 2010, with additional blood sampling for specific IgE. Participation rates were 90% (n = 1700) at age 7 to 8 years and 85% (n = 1657) at age 11 to 12 years. The results were compared with a cohort examined by identical methods 10 years earlier.RESULTS: The prevalence of positive skin prick test result to any allergen increased from 30% at age 7 to 8 years to 41% at age 11 to 12 years (P < .001). The cumulative 4-year incidence was 18%, while remission was low. Sensitization to pollen and furred animals was most common. A family history of allergy was significantly associated with incident sensitization, whereas the presence of furred animals at home was negatively associated. The prevalence at age 7 to 8 years and at age 11 to 12 years and the 4-year incidence were all significantly higher compared with the cohort examined 10 years earlier.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of allergic sensitization increased by age as a consequence of a high incidence and a low remission. The trends of increasing incidence and prevalence among schoolchildren imply future increases in the prevalence of allergic diseases.
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| 8. |
- Buvall, Lisa, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Orellanine specifically targets renal clear cell carcinoma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:53, s. 91085-91098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arising from the proximal tubule in the kidney, accounts for approximately 85% of kidney cancers and causes over 140,000 annual deaths worldwide. In the last decade, several new therapies have been identified for treatment of metastatic RCC. Although these therapies increase survival time compared to standard care, none of them has curative properties. The nephrotoxin orellanine specifically targets proximal tubular epithelial cells, leaving other organs unaffected. We therefore hypothesized that the selective toxicity of orellanine extends to clear cell RCC (ccRCC) cells since they emanate from proximal tubular cells. Orellanine would thus target both primary and metastatic ccRCC in vitro and in vivo. We found that orellanine induces dose-dependent cell death in proximal tubular cells and in all ccRCC cells tested, both primary and cell lines, with no toxicity detected in control cells. The toxic action of orellanine involve decreased protein synthesis, disrupted cell metabolism and induction of apoptosis. In nude rats carrying human ccRCC xenografts, brief orellanine treatment eliminated more than 90% of viable tumor mass compared to control rats. This identifies orellanine as a potential treatment concept for ccRCC patients on dialysis, due to its unique selective toxicity towards ccRCC.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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FishBuddy : Promoting Student Engagement in Self-Paced Learning through Wearable Sensing
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART COMPUTING (SMARTCOMP). - : IEEE. - 9781509065172 ; , s. 211-219
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Student engagement is crucial for successful self-paced learning. Feeling isolated during self-paced learning with neither adequate supervision nor intervention by teachers may cause negative emotions such as anxiety. Such emotions may in turn significantly weaken students' motivation to engage in learning activities. In this paper, we develop a self-paced learning environment (FishBuddy) that aims to reduce anxiety and promote student engagement. We construct and implement a physiologically-state-aware performance-evaluation model for identifying potentially fruitful moments of intervention when students show frustration during learning activities using an Apple Watch application that measures heart rate and alerts the student to watch a visualization of his or her own physiological state. We have conducted an experiment with 20 first-year undergraduate students, randomly separated into an experimental group and a control group, who carry out online, self-paced English grammar exercises. The students in the experimental group used FishBuddy and those in the control group did not. The self-reports from both groups show that FishBuddy significantly reduced reported experiences of anxiety and isolation in the experiment. Further to this, students who used FishBuddy were engaged longer with the exercises. The average scores on the exercises between the two groups, however, were not significantly different.
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| 10. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
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A Contactless Measuring Method of Skin Temperature based on the Skin Sensitivity Index and Deep Learning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2076-3417 .- 1454-5101. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Featured Application The NISDL method proposed in this paper can be used for real time contactless measuring of human skin temperature, which reflects human body thermal comfort status and can be used for control HVAC devices. Abstract In human-centered intelligent building, real-time measurements of human thermal comfort play critical roles and supply feedback control signals for building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Due to the challenges of intra- and inter-individual differences and skin subtleness variations, there has not been any satisfactory solution for thermal comfort measurements until now. In this paper, a contactless measuring method based on a skin sensitivity index and deep learning (NISDL) was proposed to measure real-time skin temperature. A new evaluating index, named the skin sensitivity index (SSI), was defined to overcome individual differences and skin subtleness variations. To illustrate the effectiveness of SSI proposed, a two multi-layers deep learning framework (NISDL method I and II) was designed and the DenseNet201 was used for extracting features from skin images. The partly personal saturation temperature (NIPST) algorithm was use for algorithm comparisons. Another deep learning algorithm without SSI (DL) was also generated for algorithm comparisons. Finally, a total of 1.44 million image data was used for algorithm validation. The results show that 55.62% and 52.25% error values (NISDL method I, II) are scattered at (0 degrees C, 0.25 degrees C), and the same error intervals distribution of NIPST is 35.39%.
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| 11. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
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NIDL: A pilot study of contactless measurement of skin temperature for intelligent building
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 198, s. 340-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human thermal comfort measurement plays a critical role in giving feedback signals for building energy efficiency. A contactless measuring method based on subtleness magnification and deep learning (NIDL) was designed to achieve a comfortable, energy efficient built environment. The method relies on skin feature data, e.g., subtle motion and texture variation, and a 315-layer deep neural network for constructing the relationship between skin features and skin temperature. A physiological experiment was conducted for collecting feature data (1.44 million) and algorithm validation. The contactless measurement algorithm based on a partly-personalized saturation temperature model (NIPST) was used for algorithm performance comparisons. The results show that the mean error and median error of the NIDL are 0.476 °C and 0.343°C which is equivalent to accuracy improvements of 39.07 % and 38.76 %, respectively.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Berne, et al.
(författare)
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Only severe COPD is associated with being underweight: Results from a population survey
- 2016
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Ingår i: ERS Monograph. - Sheffield : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-508X. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low body mass index (BMI) and malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a poor prognosis. The prevalence of underweight, as well as overweight, in severity grades of COPD is sparsely investigated in studies of the general population and the associated patterns of risk factors are not well established. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between severity grades of airflow limitation in COPD, and both underweight and obesity when corrected for possible confounding factors. The study is based on pooled data from the OLIN (Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden) studies. Complete records with lung function, BMI and structured interview data were available from 3942 subjects (50.7% women and 49.3% men). COPD and severity grading were defined using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. In sensitivity analyses, the lower limit of normal was used. The prevalence of underweight was 7.3% in severe COPD (grades 3 and 4) versus 2.0% in those with normal spirometry. The prevalence of obesity increased from 9.7% in grade 1, to 16.3% in grade 2 and 20.0% in severe COPD, versus 17.7% in those with normal spirometry. In adjusted analysis, of the COPD severity grades, only severe COPD was associated with underweight (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.0004–10.5), while the COPD severity grades tended to be inversely associated with overweight. © ERS 2016.
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| 13. |
- Fall, Tove, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Intervals for Fecal Calprotectin in Pregnant Women Using a Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Assay
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Laboratory. - 1433-6510. ; 65:7, s. 1293-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin is widely used as a marker for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD often affects women during their reproductive years, but there are no established reference intervals during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to define reference values during pregnancy and in the postpartum period to allow comparisons between patient results and reference values.METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from 84 healthy females during pregnancy week 26 to 28 and a second sample was collected six months after delivery. The samples were weighed, extracted, and centrifugated to remove debris. The extracted samples were then analyzed on a chemistry analyzer using a particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay reagent.RESULTS: The calculated reference interval during pregnancy was < 127 μg/g (90% confidence interval, 90 - 164 μg/g) and the corresponding reference interval during the postpartum period was < 143 μg/g (60 - 226 μg/g). There were no significant statistical differences between F-calprotectin values analyzed at the two sampling times.CONCLUSIONS: The reference values are slightly higher than the cutoff values of 50 - 100 μg/g often used as General cutoff for fecal calprotectin.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hadid, Lina Z, et al.
(författare)
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Ring Shadowing Effects on Saturn's Ionosphere : Implications for Ring Opacity and Plasma Transport
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 45:19, s. 10084-10092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new results obtained by the Radio and Plasma Wave Science Langmuir probe on board Cassini during the Grand Finale. The total direct current sampled by the Langmuir probe at negative bias voltage is used to study the effect of the ring shadows on the structure of the Kronian topside ionosphere. The D and C rings and the Cassini Division are confirmed to be optically thin to extreme ultraviolet solar radiation. However, different responses from the opaque A and B rings are observed. The edges of the A ring shadow are shown to match the A ring boundaries, unlike the B ring, which indicates variable responses to the B ring shadow. We show that the variable responses are due to the ionospheric plasma, more precisely to the longer chemical lifetime of H+ compared to H-2(+) and H-3(+), suggesting that the plasma is transported from the sunlit region to the shadowed one in the ionosphere. Plain Language Summary As Saturn's northern hemisphere experienced summer during the Grand Finale, the planet's northern dayside hemisphere and its rings were fully illuminated by the Sun. However, the southern hemisphere was partly obscured because of the shadows cast by the A and B rings. Using the in situ measurements of the Langmuir probe part of the Radio and Plasma Wave Science investigation on board the Cassini spacecraft, we study for the first time the effect of the ring shadows on Saturn's ionosphere. From the ring shadows signatures on the total ion current collected by the Langmuir probe, we show that the A and B rings are optically thicker (to the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation) than the inner C and D rings and the Cassini Division to the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, we reproduce the boundaries of the A ring and the outer edge of the B ring. Furthermore, observed variations with respect to the inner edge of the B ring imply a delayed response of the ionospheric H+ because of its long lifetime and suggest that the ionospheric plasma is transported from an unshadowed region to a shadowed one in the ionosphere.
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| 17. |
- Hagstad, Stig, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors of COPD among never-smokers in two areas of Sweden : Occupational exposure to gas, dust or fumes is an important risk factor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 109:11, s. 1439-1445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although active tobacco smoking is the main risk factor for COPD, COPD is not uncommon also among never-smokers. Different study locations along with different spirometric definitions of COPD have historically yielded different prevalence estimates of the disease.AIM: To study current prevalence and risk factors of COPD among never-smokers in two areas of Sweden.METHODS: Data collected in 2008-2012 within the West Sweden Asthma Study and Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies was pooled. The study population consisted of 1839 subjects who participated in spirometry and interviews. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator a) FEV1/(F)VC < 0.7, b) FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and c) FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal.RESULTS: Of the 1839 subjects, 967 (52.6%) were never-smokers. Among the never-smoking subjects, the prevalence of COPD according to definitions a-c was 7.7%, 4.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of GOLD grade ≥2 was 2.0%, 1.4% and 1.3%. No significant difference in prevalence between the two study areas was observed. In never-smokers, occupational exposure to gas, dust or fumes (GDF) was significantly associated with both COPD (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.03-3.33), and GOLD ≥2 (OR 4.51, 1.72-11.9) according to definition a), after adjusting for age, educational level and exposure to passive smoking at work.CONCLUSION: Depending on definition, prevalence of COPD among never-smokers was 3.0-7.7%, whereas GOLD ≥2 was present in 1.3-2.0%. Occupational exposure to GDF remained independently and significantly associated with COPD regardless of spirometric definition of the disease.
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| 18. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flawed communications: Health professionals' experience of collaboration in the care of frail elderly patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:7, s. 680-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Frail elderly patients who have multiple illnesses do not fare well in modern health care systems, mainly due to a lack of care planning and flawed communication between health professionals in different care organisations. This is especially noticeable when patients are discharged from hospital. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals' experience of obstacles and opportunities for collaboration. Methods: Health professionals were invited to participate in three focus groups, each consisting of a hospital physician, a primary care physician, a hospital nurse, a primary care nurse, a municipal home care nurse or an assistant officer, a physical or occupational therapist and a patient or a family member representative. These individual people were then asked to discuss the obstacles and opportunities for communication between themselves and with the patients and their relatives when presented with the case report of a fictitious patient. Content analysis was used to identify categories. Results: Several obstacles were identified for effective communication and care planning: insufficient communication with patients and relatives; delayed collaboration between care-givers; the lack of an adequate responsible person for care planning; and resources not being distributed according to the actual needs of patients. The absence of an overarching responsibility for the patient, beyond organisational borders, was a recurring theme. These obstacles could also be seen as opportunities. Conclusions: Obstacles for collaboration were found on three levels: societal, organisational and individual. As health care professionals are well aware of the problems and also see solutions, management for health care should support employees' own initiatives for changes that are of benefit in the care of frail elderly patients with multiple illnesses.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Vem tar bollen? : går vården för de mest sjuka äldre att förbättra?
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund Flera svenska rapporter visar att de mest sjuka äldre ofta far illa på grund av bristande samordning och oklar ansvarsfördelning mellan olika behandlingsinstanser. Primärvården, hemtjänsten och den kommunala hemsjukvården anses i otillräcklig omfattning ta över ansvaret efter utskrivningen av de sjuka äldre från sjukhuset. Svenska erfarenheter stämmer väl med vad man funnit i flera internationella studier: sjukvården är illa rustad för att möta de mest sjuka äldres komplexa behov av vård och omsorg.
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| 20. |
- Hashemi, Nashmil, et al.
(författare)
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Improved right ventricular index of myocardial performance in the assessment of right ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 26:5, s. 798-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Decreased right ventricular (RV) longitudinal function following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), as assessed by tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV peak systolic velocity (RVS') is a known condition. We aimed to explore the feasibility of the right ventricular index of myocardial performance (RIMP) in the assessment of RV function after CABG at rest and during peak dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). METHODS: Forty-two patients indicated for CABG were included in this study. Coronary angiography, DSE and exercise bicycle test were performed within 6 weeks before and 3 months after CABG. The RIMP, RVS' and TAPSE at the lateral tricuspid annulus were also assessed. The results were presented as mean +/- standard deviation. RESULTS: The RIMP improved after CABG both at rest (0.45 +/- 0.11 before vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 after CABG, P= 0.013) and during DSE (0.75 +/- 0.23 vs 0.49 +/- 0.14, P < 0.001). TAPSE declined significantly when comparing the values from before CABG to after CABG both at rest (23.9 +/- 4.46 vs 14.6 +/- 3.67, P < 0.001) and during DSE (20.9 +/- 4.16 vs 11.9 +/- 3.60, P < 0.001). RVS' also decreased after CABG both at rest (11.9 +/- 2.40 vs 8.5 +/- 1.93, P < 0.001) and during DSE (15.6 +/- 4.30 vs 10.5 +/- 3.21, P <0.001). On the other hand, exercise capacity improved after CABG compared with baseline (128.4 +/- 40.12 W vs 142.1 +/- 46.73 W, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: RIMP improved after CABG both at rest and during DSE. The reduction in TAPSE and RVS' after CABG indicate reduced regional mechanical RV function along the long axis rather than reduced global RV function.
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| 21. |
- Hedman, Annicka, et al.
(författare)
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Amount and type of everyday technology use over time in older adults with cognitive impairment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 22:3, s. 196-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This two-year study examined everyday technology (ET) use in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) testing five predefined theoretical assumptions regarding factors potentially influencing the amount of ET used in everyday life. Methods: Data from 37 participants with MCI were collected at inclusion, six, 12, and 24 months, on the type and amount of ET used and how difficult this was, activity involvement, and cognitive and diagnostic status. These variables were, together with age group (55-64, 65-74, or 75-84 years) and educational level, analysed in a mixed-linear-effect model. Results: A significant decrease in the overall amount of ET used was found over time, but the number of users of specific ETs both decreased and increased. Increasing perceived difficulty in ET use, less activity involvement, decreasing cognitive status, and belonging to the oldest age group significantly decreased ET use. Two years after inclusion 42% of the participants had converted to dementia, but neither change in diagnostic status nor length of education contributed significantly to the predictive model. Conclusion: Over time, a decreasing use of ET was shown in this sample with MCI. This process was influenced by several aspects important to consider in occupational therapy intervention planning.
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| 22. |
- Hedman, Annicka, et al.
(författare)
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Challenge levels of everyday technologies as perceived over five years by older adults with mild cognitive impairment
- 2018
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 30:10, s. 1447-1454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In clinical practice, efficient and valid functional markers are needed to detect subtle cognitive and functional decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This prospective study explored whether changes in perceived challenge of certain everyday technologies (ETs) can be used to detect signs of functional change in MCI.Methods: Baseline and five-year data from 37 older adults (mean age 67.5 years) with MCI regarding their perceived ability to use ET were used to generate Rasch-based ET item measures reflecting the relative challenge of 46 ETs. Actual differential item functioning in relation to time was analyzed based on these item measures. Data collection took place in 2008-2014.Results: Seven (15%) of the ETs included were perceived to be significantly more challenging to use at year five compared to at baseline, while 39 ETs (85%) were perceived to be equally challenging to use, despite the fact that the participants' perceived ability to use ET had decreased. Common characteristics among the ETs that became more challenging to use could not be identified. The dropout rate was 43%, which limits the power of the study.Conclusions: Changes in the perceived challenge of ETs seem to capture functional change in persons with cognitive decline. Both easier and more challenging ETs typically used at home and in society need to be addressed to capture this functional change because significant changes occurred among ETs of all challenge levels and within all types of ETs.
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| 23. |
- Hedman, Annicka, et al.
(författare)
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Changing everyday activities and technology use in mild cognitive impairment
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 79:2, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Knowledge of the conditions under which older adults facing cognitive decline engage in everyday activities is of major importance for occupational therapists in designing supportive interventions. This study aimed to investigate perceived activity involvement over time and its longitudinal relationship to perceived ability to use everyday technology in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.Method: Thirty-seven older adults with mild cognitive impairment at inclusion were assessed over 4 years. Overall and item-specific activity involvement were analyzed using mixed-linear-effect modeling and differential item functioning. Furthermore, overall activity involvement and ability in everyday technology use were correlated.Results: Overall activity involvement decreased significantly over time. When adjusting for declining ability in the sample, actual differential item functioning indicated descending involvement in seven of 15 activities, while eight activities were stable. All leisure activities descended. The positive correlations between activity involvement and ability in everyday technology use became stronger over time.Conclusion: Variations across activities and time-points suggest that occupational therapists should repeatedly monitor the increasingly associated aspects of activity involvement and ability to use everyday technology in persons with cognitive decline.
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| 24. |
- Hedman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Endurance for Brain Health : Challenges of Creating an Intelligent Warning System
- 2015
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Ingår i: Künstliche Intelligenz. - : Springer Nature. - 0933-1875 .- 1610-1987. ; 29:2, s. 123-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past few years, the market for apps monitoring traditional health and wellbeing parameters such as heart rate, levels of physical activity and sleep patterns has rapidly expanded. In this paper, we articulate how we are currently engineering an early warning system designed to support long-term brain health, termed cognitive endurance, based on such monitoring. It can be thought of as a rudimentary expert system. It will monitor physical and social activity, stress and sleep patterns and signal when these parameters are such that a person's cognitive endurance might be at risk. The aim of the system is to guide the user to adopt sustainable behavioral patterns from a cognitive endurance perspective. This paper articulates (1) what we mean by cognitive endurance, (2) how cognitive endurance may be enhanced, (3) our cognitive endurance monitoring platform, (4) our approach to calculating cognitive endurance risk, (5) specific challenges related to our approach and (6) what the long term benefits might be of successively monitoring cognitive endurance.
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| 25. |
- Hedman, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental risk factors related to the incidence of wheeze and asthma in adolescence.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222 .- 0954-7894. ; 45:1, s. 184-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is common among adolescents, but there are few population-based studies on the risk factors for incident asthma and wheeze at this age group OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for incident asthma and wheeze in adolescence.
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| 26. |
- Häggström, Daniel
(författare)
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On synchronization of heavy truck transmissions
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gear shifts are becoming more and more important as engines are adapted to low speed high torque working conditions. Synchronizers are key components for successful gear shifts. To adapt the synchronizers to new working conditions due to adaptations to new engines, improved development tools are needed. The presented thesis describes the development of two types of numerical models for the synchronization process, namely fluid-structure interaction to simulate the pre-synchronization phase and thermomechanical FE models to simulate the main synchronization phase. A methodology for developing friction models based on a combination of physical testing and numerical simulations is presented. Additionally, a comprehensive gear shift and synchronizer frame of reference section is presented.In paper A, two numerical fluid-structure interaction simulation models for assessing the pre-synchronization phase are presented. Simulations show that the synchronizer functionality is highly dependent on the gear shift maneuvering system, and that grooves in the synchronizer surface have a positive effect on the oil evacuation during the pre-synchronization phase.Paper B describes the development of a numerical thermomechanical model for simulating the main synchronization phase. Two parameter studies were performed, one based on external loads and one based on synchronizer geometry. The effect on the temperature increase from differences in thermal properties between molybdenum and carbon friction linings are presented.In paper C, a verification and validation methodology for highly transient thermomechanical processes was presented. Numerical verification, bulk temperature measurement, surface temperature measurement and qualitative visual inspection were combined to verify and validate the simulation model presented in paper B.In paper D, a methodology combining physical testing with an thermomechanical simulation model to develop a friction model was exemplified by a molybdenum coated synchronizer. A simplified thermal model was developed to remove the dependence of full finite element thermal models. The friction models shows good agreement with measured data.
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| 27. |
- James, Hayley R, et al.
(författare)
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IgE Antibodies to Mammalian Allergens Are a Major Risk Factor for Prevalence, Severity, and Persistence of Asthma in Northern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 135:2, s. AB22-AB22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IgE to mammalian allergens can contribute significantly to asthma risk. Studying the details of the relationship between animal sensitization and asthma is simpler in an environment where mite, fungal, and cockroach allergens make little or no contribution to asthma risk. Methods: Quantitative assays for IgE to eight allergens were carried out on 963 sera from 19-year-olds in a population-based cohort in northern Sweden, and associations with questionnaire data from ages 7, 12, and 19 on asthma symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment were tested. Results: Overall, 79 (53%) of the students with a physician diagnosis of asthma were positive to one or more of the mammalian allergens (cat, dog, or horse danders) tested. Of the allergens assessed, only mammalian allergens, birch, and timothy grass pollen showed a significant relationship with asthma diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed that high titer (>17.5 IU/ml) IgE to any mammalian allergen had the strongest relationship with asthma at age 19 (odds ratio 5.1 [3.0-8.6]). Furthermore, IgE to mammalian allergens gave an odds ratio of 8.5 [4.9-15] for asthma that started before age 12 and was still present at age 19. Sensitization to Fel d 1 and Fel d 4 was strongly associated with asthma and significantly reduced in cat owners. Conclusions: Sensitization to cat and dog related allergens, and specifically to the components Fel d 1 and Fel d 4, is a major risk factor for the persistence and severity of asthma in an area where these are the only significant perennial allergens.
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| 28. |
- Kottorp, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Access to and use of everyday technology among older people : An occupational justice issue – but for whom?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 23:3, s. 382-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research into older people's use of remote controls, mobile phones, digital home appliances, and computerized communication systems reveals that many have difficulty accessing and using these everyday technologies. By using occupational justice theory as a lens onto this technological development, we argue in this commentary that critical analysis of the findings from an occupational perspective reveals systematic injustices that disadvantage certain sectors of the older population. In particular we propose that, contrary to what might be expected, diagnosis or disability is not the sole marker for a vulnerable population at high risk of occupational injustices. Rather, the empirical findings support that other aspects (e.g., economic, educational) may also be influencing both everyday technology access and use among the older population. In light of these concerns, we argue that (a) occupation-centred outcome measures are needed to target everyday technology populations at risk of occupational injustices, and (b) future studies evaluating the access and use of everyday technology among older people must also monitor and target socio-demographic diversities.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Li, Haibo, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing Crowds to Avert or Mitigate Acts Terrorism : A Collective Intelligence Call for Action
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS CONFERENCE (EISIC). - : IEEE. - 9781509028573 ; , s. 203-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Averting acts of terrorism through non-traditional means of surveillance and control: the use of crowd sourcing (collective intelligence) and the development of a new class of anti-terror mobile apps. The proposed class of anti-terrorist apps is based on two dimensions: the individual and the central. By individual, we mean the individual app user and by central we mean a central organizational locus of coordination and control in the fight against terrorism. Such a central locus could be a governmental agency or a national/international security organization active in the fight against terrorism.
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| 31. |
- Muuraiskangas, S., et al.
(författare)
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Motivational strategy for a cognitive endurance mHealth application
- 2015
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Ingår i: IISA 2015 - 6th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467393119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia has become a prevalent problem with our aging population. Dementia is threat to our independence because our independence relies on our cognitive performance. Cognitive performance declines as the years advance but it can and should be nurtured to keep it at sufficient functional level. Even though mobile technology has potential to be the desired low-cost and effective means to healthy living, it requires the driving force, motivation, to actually get the person to the destination. In this paper we present a motivational strategy for mHealth (mobile health) application for cognitive endurance.
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| 32. |
- Pargman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The future of computing and wisdom : Insights from Human-Computer Interaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Futures. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a structured report on a dialogue on the Future of Computing and Wisdom. The dialogue consists of a recorded and transcribed discussion between researchers and practitioners in the field of Human-Computer Interaction that was held at workshop in conjunction with the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in September 2018. However, the dialogue also encompasses workshop participants' preparatory work with writing "fictional abstracts" - abstracts of yet-to-be-written research papers that will be published in 2068. The polyvocal dialogue that is reported upon thus includes not just the voices of researchers and practitioners who attended the workshop, but also includes the voices of the future researchers of 2068 who wrote the abstracts in question as well as the voices of the organisms, individuals, intelligent agents and communities who are the subjects, victims, beneficiaries and bystanders of wise (or unwise) future computing systems.
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| 33. |
- Perzanowski, Matthew S, et al.
(författare)
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Relevance of specific IgE antibody titer to the prevalence, severity, and persistence of asthma among 19-year-olds in northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 138:6, s. 1582-1590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although sensitization to indoor allergens is strongly associated with asthma, there are questions as to how this relates to asthma symptoms.OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the relevance of IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens in an area in which (1) the climate discourages cockroach, fungal, and mite growth and (2) dander allergens are known to be present in schools and houses without animals.METHODS: IgE to 8 allergens was tested in 963 sera from a population-based study on 19-year-olds, and associations with asthma symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment were examined. In positive sera IgE to specific cat and dog allergens was also assayed.RESULTS: IgE specific for animal dander had the highest prevalence and strongest relationship to asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, asthma severity, as judged by the frequency of symptoms and use of treatment, was directly associated with the titer of IgE antibodies to animal dander. Among the 103 subjects who had current asthma at age 19 years, 50 had asthma before age 12 years. Among those 50, the odds ratios for asthma related to any IgE antibodies to animal dander or high-titer IgE antibodies (≥17.5 IU/mL) were 9.2 (95% CI, 4.9-17) and 13 (95% CI, 6.9-25), respectively. In multivariable analysis IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 and Can f 5 were each associated with current asthma.CONCLUSION: High-titer IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens were strongly associated with the diagnosis, severity, and persistence of asthma; however, a large proportion of patients with current asthma did not live in a house with a cat or dog.
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| 34. |
- Peura, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Normal values for calprotectin in stool samples of infants from the population-based longitudinal born into life study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 78:1-2, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecal calprotectin is a protein used as a diagnostic marker for inflammatory bowel diseases. We determined upper limits for normal calprotectin values for neonatal, 6, 12 and 24 months old children using a turbidimetric immunoassay in a cohort of Swedish children. The advantage of the method is that opposite to previously used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, it enables measuring single samples, and thus, shortens the analysis time significantly. There were 72 samples (41.7% female) collected neonatally, 63 samples (34.9% female) at 6 months, 60 samples (40.0% female) at 12 months and 51 samples (43.1% female) at 24 months. The upper limits for normal values were 233, 615, 136 and 57 µg mg-1 for infants aged 0, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively.
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| 35. |
- Tobiasson, Helena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing for Active Life : Moving and Being Moved Together with Dementia Patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - : Chinese Institute of Design. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 9:3, s. 47-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life for older people with dementia tends to be inactive. This paper reports on two case studies in which exercise games (exergames) were introduced in dementia special care units with a focus on patients’ well-being. The first case used a participatory design (PD) approach to engage the patients as users in the process. The results highlight the patients’ enjoyment in playing these games in a socially encouraging environment. We have found that exergames in dementia care provide patients with the well-documented health benefits of physical activity and also result in social and cognitive benefits. The results indicate that the notions of games/competition, social interaction, physical activity and challenges are valuable ingredients when designing for the well-being of older people who suffer from moderate to severe dementia.
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| 36. |
- Tobiasson, Helena, 1964-
(författare)
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Traces of Movement : Exploring physical activity in societal settings
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How are we moving, or how much physical activities are present in societal settingssuch as eldercare units, schools, universities and offices? This general question was explored using different design-oriented approaches in four cases, with children,elderly, students and office workers. The results unveil a complexity of the problemarea that initially seemed quite straightforward. In many of the explored settings and situations, and for many of the participants, the activities they are engaged with do not include or encourage their abilities for physical movements to any great extent and this is not in line with the extent of movement that they actually desire. Physical activity can be defined as an activity performed through movement that expends energy. Research results from the public health domains and related areas show a major concern for the negative effects related to low levels of physical activity and prolonged sedentary postures found in many of the above-mentioned settings. In general, physical activities of today seem mainly related to sports, and specific activities designed for improving health and well-being. The participants in the four explorative case studies in this thesis demonstrated how they would like their physical activities to be integrated in the everyday activities of the different settings explored and not mainly as a separate activity specifically dedicated for health and well-being. How can knowledge of physical activity inform the design and development of interactive products and systems in these settings? New insights were gained through design-oriented explorations together with the participants inthe different field settings and through analysis of these observations. The results are not only the insights gained through the analysed empirical observations but also include a physical activity-oriented design method called Physical Movement Sketching as well as experiences from using Movement Probes. The experiences from using these two design methods led me to formulate a proposal for a new approach called Movement Acumen Design. This approach applies a socioecological perspective on physical activities. It provides methods and concepts to support the integration of physical activities into everyday activities performed with the support of interactive technology and it argues that physical activity should reclaim a more central role in these situations. Let us design for it to happen!
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| 37. |
- Wennberg, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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The intuitive in HCI : A critical discourse analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. ACM, 2018.. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450364379 ; , s. 505-514
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of the intuitive has been central to HCI practices for a long time, as is evident in both textbooks and research articles. However, while the notion of the intuitive is so often referred to and used in the literature, relatively little work has been done with respect to what the notion actually means. We carried out a literature analysis of 76 articles published at the CHI conference between 2004 and 2016, all discussing or claiming to design for the intuitive. The articles were approached through the lens of discourse analysis, and an inductive reading was carried out to identify different perspectives on the notion. Six different perspectives on the intuitive were found. With few exceptions, the articles do not contain any discussions of functionally impaired users. We argue that the use of the term in the articles is exclusionary, rendering that which it does not consider (those with functional impairments) invisible.
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| 38. |
- Zhong, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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How Good Can a Face Identifier Be Without Learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructing discriminative features is an essential issue in developing face recognition algorithms. There are two schools in how features are constructed: hand-crafted features and learned features from data. A clear trend in the face recognition community is to use learned features to replace hand-crafted ones for face recognition, due to the superb performance achieved by learned features through Deep Learning networks. Given the negative aspects of database-dependent solutions, we consider an alternative and demonstrate that, for good generalization performance, developing face recognition algorithms by using handcrafted features is surprisingly promising when the training dataset is small or medium sized. We show how to build such a face identifier with our Block Matching method which leverages the power of the Gabor phase in face images. Although no learning process is involved, empirical results show that the performance of this “designed” identifier is comparable (superior) to state-of-the-art identifiers and even close to Deep Learning approaches.
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| 39. |
- Zhong, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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How good can a face identifier be without learning?
- 2017
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Ingår i: 11th Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP 2016. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319648699 ; , s. 515-533
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructing discriminative features is an essential issue in developing face recognition algorithms. There are two schools in how features are constructed: hand-crafted features and learned features from data. A clear trend in the face recognition community is to use learned features to replace hand-crafted ones for face recognition, due to the superb performance achieved by learned features through Deep Learning networks. Given the negative aspects of database-dependent solutions, we consider an alternative and demonstrate that, for good generalization performance, developing face recognition algorithms by using hand-crafted features is surprisingly promising when the training dataset is small or medium sized. We show how to build such a face identifier with our Block Matching method which leverages the power of the Gabor phase in face images. Although no learning process is involved, empirical results show that the performance of this “designed” identifier is comparable (superior) to state-of-the-art identifiers and even close to Deep Learning approaches.
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| 40. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Design digital mindfulness for personal wellbeing
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2016. - New York, New York, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9781450346184 ; , s. 626-627
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digital health and wellbeing movement has led to development of what we here baptize as digital mindfulness applications that allow people to improve psychological wellbeing. The approaches to digital mindfulness vary greatly and as a researcher it can be difficult to gain an overview of the field and what to focus on in one's own research. Here we describe four levels of digital mindfulness with examples and focus on the larger question of how to design for digital mindfulness. We end up with a set of general issues that we hope will generate further discussion and research in the field of digital mindfulness.
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| 41. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Digital Mindfulness : Presence-In and Presence-With versus Presence-Through
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2017 ACM SIGCHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS (CHI'17). - New York, NY, USA : ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. ; , s. 2685-2695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digital health and wellbeing movement has led to development of digital mindfulness applications that aim to help people to become mindful. In this paper we suggest a broad scheme for classifying and ordering apps intended to support mindfulness. This scheme consists of four levels of what we here term digital mindfulness. One crucial aspect of the fourth level is that artifacts at this level allow for what we term as presence-with and presence-in as opposed to presence-through, which occurs at the first three levels. We articulate our four levels along with specific design qualities through concrete examples of existing mindfulness apps and through research through design (RtD) work conducted with design fiction examples. We then use a working design case prototype to further illustrate the possibilities of presence-with and presence-in. We hope our four levels of digital mindfulness framework will be found useful by other researchers in discussing and planning the design of their own mindfulness apps and digital artifacts.
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| 42. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Designing, Prototyping and Evaluating Digital Mindfulness Applications : A Case Study of Mindful Breathing for Stress Reduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the past decade, there has been a rapid increase of interactive apps designed for health and well-being. Yet, little research has been published on developing frameworks for design and evaluation of digital mindfulness facilitating technologies. Moreover, many existing digital mindfulness applications are purely software based. There is room for further exploration and assessment of designs that make more use of physical qualities of artifacts. Objective: The study aimed to develop and test a new physical digital mindfulness prototype designed for stress reduction. Methods: In this case study, we designed, developed, and evaluated HU, a physical digital mindfulness prototype designed for stress reduction. In the first phase, we used vapor and light to support mindful breathing and invited 25 participants through snowball sampling to test HU. In the second phase, we added sonification. We deployed a package of probes such as photos, diaries, and cards to collect data from users who explored HU in their homes. Thereafter, we evaluated our installation using both self-assessed stress levels and heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measures in a pilot study, in order to measure stress resilience effects. After the experiment, we performed a semistructured interview to reflect on HU and investigate the design of digital mindfulness apps for stress reduction. Results: The results of the first phase showed that 22 of 25 participants (88%) claimed vapor and light could be effective ways of promoting mindful breathing. Vapor could potentially support mindful breathing better than light (especially for mindfulness beginners). In addition, a majority of the participants mentioned sound as an alternative medium. In the second phase, we found that participants thought that HU could work well for stress reduction. We compared the effect of silent HU (using light and vapor without sound) and sonified HU on 5 participants. Subjective stress levels were statistically improved with both silent and sonified HU. The mean value of HR using silent HU was significantly lower than resting baseline and sonified HU. The mean value of root mean square of differences (RMSSD) using silent HU was significantly higher than resting baseline. We found that the differences between our objective and subjective assessments were intriguing and prompted us to investigate them further. Conclusions: Our evaluation of HU indicated that HU could facilitate relaxed breathing and stress reduction. There was a difference in outcome between the physiological measures of stress and the subjective reports of stress, as well as a large intervariability among study participants. Our conclusion is that the use of stress reduction tools should be customized and that the design work of mindfulness technology for stress reduction is a complex process, which requires cooperation of designers, HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) experts and clinicians.
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| 43. |
- Åhman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Frameworks for studying social media interaction : A discussion on phenomenology and poststructuralism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783030293864 - 9783030293871 ; , s. 701-718
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decade or so, much HCI research has, according to many researchers, become increasingly phenomenologically oriented. Some have gone so far as to argue that HCI is now in a phenomenological paradigm. But how does such a paradigmatic view work for understanding interaction in the ever growing sphere of social media? Prima facie it may look as it would work only well since social media has become increasingly richer in terms of the sheer range of phenomenologically possible user experiences provided by new and emerging interaction technologies. However, through a critical reading of three major phenomenological works in HCI, we argue that phenomenology as traditionally applied in HCI points indirectly to alternative approaches for engaging in much of contemporary social media research due to its associated semiotic and relationally oriented contents. One possible family of approaches for analyzing such content can be found, as we will argue, in poststructuralist theory. We propose an increased engagement with poststructuralist semiotics grounded in Jacques Derrida’s philosophy and exemplify how this could contribute to the study of social media in the context of HCI.
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| 44. |
- Åhman, Henrik
(författare)
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Interaction as existential practice : An explorative study of Mark C. Taylor’s philosophical project and its potential consequences for Human-Computer Interaction
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis discusses the potential consequences of applying the philosophy of Mark C. Taylor to the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI).The first part of the thesis comprises a study focusing on two discursive trends in contemporary HCI, materiality and the self, and how these discourses describe interaction. Through a qualitative, inductive content analysis of 171 HCI research articles, a number of themes are identified in the literature and, it is argued, construct a dominant perspective of materiality, the self, and interaction. Examples that differ from the dominant discourse are also discussed as alternative perspectives for each of the three focal areas.The second part of the thesis comprises an analysis of Mark C. Taylor’s philosophical project which enables a number of philosophical positions on materiality, the self, and interaction to be identified. These positions are suggested to be variations and rereadings of themes found in Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. These variations emerge as Taylor approaches Nietzsche through poststructuralism and complexity theory, and it is argued that the apparent heterogeneity of Taylor’s project can be understood as a more coherent position when interpreted in relation to Nietzsche’s philosophy.Based on the findings of the two literature studies, the thesis then discusses the possible consequences for HCI, if Taylor’s philosophy were to be applied as a theoretical framework. The thesis argues that Taylor’s philosophy describes the interaction between humans and computers as an existential process, which contrasts with the dominant HCI discourse; that this view can be related to and provide a theoretical foundation for the alternative discourses in HCI; and that it can contribute to developing HCI.
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