| 1. |
- Odille, Fabrice, et al.
(author)
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On the characterization of dynamic supramolecular systems: A general mathematical association model for linear supramolecular copolymers and application on a complex two-component hydrogen-bonding system
- 2007
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In: Chemistry: A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 1521-3765 .- 0947-6539. ; 13:34, s. 9617-9636
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A general mathematical model for the characterization of the dynamic (kinetically labile) association of supramolecular assemblies in solution is presented. It is an extension of the equal K (EK) model by the stringent use of linear algebra to allow for the simultaneous presence of an unlimited number of different units in the resulting assemblies. It allows for the analysis of highly complex dynamic equilibrium systems in solution, including both supramolecular homo- and copolymers without the recourse to extensive approximations, in a field in which other analytical methods are difficult. The derived mathematical methodology makes it possible to analyze dynamic systems such as supramolecular copolymers regarding for instance the degree of polymerization, the distribution of a given monomer in different copolymers as well as its position in an aggregate. It is to date the only general means to characterize weak supramolecular systems. The model was fitted to NMR dilution titration data by using the program Matlab((R)), and a detailed algorithm for the optimization of the different parameters has been developed. The methodology is applied to a case study, a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular system, salen 4+porphyrin 5. The system is formally a two-component system but in reality a three-component system. This results in a complex dynamic system in which all monomers are associated to each other by hydrogen bonding with different association constants, resulting in homo- and copolymers 4,,5,, as well as cyclic structures 6 and 7, in addition to free 4 and 5. The system was analyzed by extensive NMR dilution titrations at variable temperatures. All chemical shifts observed at different temperatures were used in the fitting to obtain the Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees values producing the best global fit. From the derived general mathematical expressions, system 4+5 could be characterized with respect to above-mentioned parameters.
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| 2. |
- Gribbe, Johan, 1979-
(author)
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Att modellera slagfältet: Tidig databehandling vid FOA, 1954–66 : Transkript av ett vittnesseminarium vid Tekniska museet i Stockholm den 15 oktober 2007
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The witness seminar ”Att modellera slagfältet” [Modelling the battlefield] was held at The National Museum of Science and Technology in Stockholm on 15 October 2007 and was led by Magnus Hagwall. Different aspects of the early use of electronic computers to analyze and study military problems at the National Defence Research Establishment (FOA) were discussed at the seminar, particularly the use of computers to carry out simulations of combat scenarios and weapons effects against different targets. Special attention was paid to the time period from 1954, when the introduction of BESK first made computer simulations possible, to 1966 when the IBM 7090 mainframe computer at FOA was replaced. Operations research provided new problems for computer programming. The design of computer models for submarine hunt, armored combat and ground-to-air combat developed at FOA in the late 1950s and 1960s were discussed at the seminar. Other problems brought up were the development of computer models to study the effects of artillery shells against airplanes and armored tanks. The use of FORTRAN to develop programs for IBM 709 and IBM 7090 was described. The design of the information handling system CORSAIR was touched upon. Moreover, the seminar discussed the use of IBM 7090 mainframe computers to develop programs for meteorological analysis. The critical importance of fast input and output facilities for meteorological applications was underlined. Finally, the reliability of large computer models to study battle-field scenarios was debated.
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| 3. |
- Gribaldo, Simonetta, et al.
(author)
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The origin of eukaryotes and their relationship with the Archaea : are we at a phylogenomic impasse?
- 2010
-
In: Nature Reviews Microbiology. - 1740-1526 .- 1740-1534. ; 8:10, s. 743-752
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origin of eukaryotes and their evolutionary relationship with the Archaea is a major biological question and the subject of intense debate. In the context of the classical view of the universal tree of life, the Archaea and the Eukarya have a common ancestor, the nature of which remains undetermined. Alternative views propose instead that the Eukarya evolved directly from a bona fide archaeal lineage. Several recent large-scale phylogenomic studies using an array of approaches are divided in supporting either one or the other scenario, despite analysing largely overlapping data sets of universal genes. We examine the reasons for such a lack of consensus and consider how alternative approaches may enable progress in answering this fascinating and as-yet-unresolved question.
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| 4. |
- Lazzara, Giuseppe, et al.
(author)
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Temperature-responsive inclusion complex of cationic PNIPAAM diblock copolymer and gamma-cyclodextrin
- 2012
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In: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 8:18, s. 5043-5054
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aqueous mixtures of gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) and the thermosensitive cationic diblock copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PNIPAAM(24)-b-PAMPTAM(+)(9)) or the PNIPAAM homopolymer PNIPAAM(47) have been investigated using various experimental methods. Solid g-CD-polymer inclusion complexes (pseudopolyrotaxanes) form at ambient temperatures in fairly concentrated CD solutions. The NMR measurements showed that the stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes is close to two NIPAAM units per CD molecule. The cationic block of the copolymer is not incorporated into the CD cavity. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction spectra of the solid inclusion complexes indicate a compact columnar structure of CD molecules threaded onto the PNIPAAM chains. In water, square-shaped cyclodextrin aggregates were found to co-exist with single cyclodextrin molecules. In mixed solutions of gamma-CD and PNIPAAM(24)-b-PAMPTAM(+)(9) these aggregates disintegrate with time as inclusion complexes are formed and the kinetics was studied using time-resolved static and dynamic light scattering and cryo-TEM. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy measurements reveal that the CD molecules dethread from the PNIPAAM chains upon increasing the temperature to 40 degrees C, which is above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAAM.
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| 5. |
- Polach, Oldrich, et al.
(author)
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Validation of simulation models in the context of railway vehicle acceptance
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 229:6, s. 729-754
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evaluation of a reliable validation method, criteria and limit values suitable for model validation in the context of vehicle acceptance was one of the objectives of the DynoTRAIN project. The presented investigations represent a unique amount of testing, simulations, comparisons with measurements, and validation evaluations. The on-track measurements performed in four European countries included several different vehicles on a test train equipped to simultaneously record track irregularities and rail profiles. The simulations were performed using vehicle models built with the use of different simulation tools by different partners. The comparisons between simulation and measurement results were conducted for over 1000 simulations using a set of the same test sections for all vehicle models. The results were assessed by three different validation approaches: comparing values according to EN 14363; by subjective engineering judgement by project partners; and using so-called validation metrics, i.e. computable measures developed with the aim of increasing objectivity while still maintaining the level of agreement with engineering judgement. The proposed validation method uses the values computed by analogy with EN 14363 and provides validation limits that can be applied to a set of deviations between simulation and measurement values.
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| 6. |
- Joshi, Jaideep, et al.
(author)
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Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods
- 2020
-
In: PloS Computational Biology. - : Public Library Science. - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 16:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatially extended ecological public goods, such as forests, grasslands, and fish stocks, are at risk of being overexploited by selfish consumers-a phenomenon widely recognized as the 'tragedy of the commons.' The interplay of spatial and ecological dimensions introduces new features absent in non-spatial ecological contexts, such as consumer mobility, local information availability, and strategy evolution through social learning in neighborhoods. It is unclear how these features interact to influence the harvesting and dispersal strategies of consumers. To answer these questions, we develop and analyze an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model with explicit resource dynamics. We report the following findings. (1) When harvesting efficiency is low, consumers evolve a sedentary consumption strategy, through which the resource is harvested sustainably, but with harvesting rates far below their maximum sustainable value. (2) As harvesting efficiency increases, consumers adopt a mobile 'consume-and-disperse' strategy, which is sustainable, equitable, and gives maximum sustainable yield. (3) A further increase in harvesting efficiency leads to large-scale overexploitation. (4) If costs of dispersal are significant, increased harvesting efficiency also leads to social inequality between frugal sedentary consumers and overexploitative mobile consumers. Whereas overexploitation can occur without social inequality, social inequality always leads to overexploitation. Thus, we identify four conditions that-while being characteristic of technological progress in modern societies-risk social inequality and overexploitation: high harvesting efficiency, moderately low costs of dispersal, high consumer density, and the tendency of consumers to adopt new strategies rapidly. We also show how access to global information-another feature widespread in modern societies-helps mitigate these risks.Author summary: Throughout history, humans have shaped ecological landscapes, which in turn have influenced human behavior. This mutual dependence is epitomized when human consumers harvest a spatially extended renewable resource. Simple models predict that, when multiple consumers harvest a shared resource, each is tempted to harvest faster than his/her peers, putting the resource at risk of overexploitation. It is unclear, however, how the interplay among resource productivity, consumer mobility, and social learning in spatial ecological public goods games influences evolved consumer behavior. Here, using an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model of consumers and a resource, we find that increasing resource productivity initially promotes efficient resource use by enabling mobile consumption strategies, but eventually leads to inequality and overexploitation, as overexploitative mobile consumers coexist with frugal sedentary consumers. When consumers are impatient (i.e., eager to imitate successful strategies) or myopic (i.e., unaware of conditions outside of their neighborhoods), inequality and overexploitation tend to aggravate.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Riis, Ulla, 1947-
(author)
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The Two Cultures. Bokrecension : With Introduction by Stefan Collini.
- 2019
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In: Högre Utbildning/Higher Education. - : Cappelen Akademisk Forlag. - 2000-7558. ; 9:2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En recension av den artonde utgåvan av C. P. Snows publikation "The Two Cultures" med anledning av att det gått 60 år sedan han gav texten som en föreläsning. Recensenten kommenterar boken och dess budskap med utgångspunkt i den fortgående specialiseringen inom vetenskapen.
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| 9. |
- Simonsson, Maria, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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A New Pedagogic Practice in Introduction to the Swedish Preschool: Changing Subject Positions
- 2013
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Sweden the preschool is regarded as “the child´s first school” and a part of the educational system. Most children aged 1-5 attend preschool, where daycare and education are combined. The preschool is the start of “lifelong learning” and the importance of an early start in this institution is underpinned by the government. The point of departure in this study is preschool teacher´s perspectives on changes in small children´s reception period in the preschool that have emerged during the last years. The change can be described as a movement from long reception periods (14 days) inspired by attachment theory where preschool teachers became attachment persons for the smallest children to short periods (3-5 days) with parents as active partakers in this reception.Objectives in this study are the preschool teacher´s constructions of their and the parents new positions in this new reception practice. We explore what have made these shifts possible, how these new preschool teachers and parents’ positions are constructed as well as what they may mean during the reception period.The method has been focus group interviews with seven preschool teams in Swedish preschools. Data have been analyzed with the help from social constructivist perspectives as well as analyses of discourses.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Joshi, Jayant, et al.
(author)
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Magnetic field variations associated with umbral flashes and penumbral waves
- 2018
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 619
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Umbral flashes (UF) and running penumbral waves (RPWs) in sunspot chromospheres leave a dramatic imprint in the intensity profile of the Can 8542 angstrom line. Recent studies have focussed on also explaining the observed polarization profiles, which show even more dramatic variations during the passage of these shock fronts. While most of these variations can be explained with an almost constant magnetic field as a function of time, several studies have reported changes in the inferred magnetic field strength during UF phases. These changes could be explained by opacity effects or by intrinsic changes in the magnetic field strength.Aims. In this study we investigate the origin of these periodic variations of the magnetic field strength by analyzing a time-series of high-temporal-cadence observations acquired in the Can 8542 angstrom line with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. In particular, we analyze how the inferred geometrical height scale changes between quiescent and UF phases, and whether those changes are enough to explain the observed changes in the magnetic field, B.Methods. We have performed non local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) data inversions with the NICOLE code of a timeseries of very high spatio-temporal-resolution observations in the Can 8542 angstrom, Fei 6301.5, and Fei 6302.5 angstrom lines. We analyze in detail the variations of the different physical parameters of the model as a function of time.Results. Our results indicate that the Can 8542 angstrom line in sunspots is greatly sensitive to magnetic fields at log tau(500 )= -5 (hereafter log tau = -5) during UFs and quiescence. However this optical depth value does not correspond to the same geometrical height during the two phases. Our results indicate that during UFs and RPWs the log tau = -5 is located at a higher geometrical height than during quiescence. Additionally, the inferred magnetic field values are higher in UFs (up to similar to 270 G) and in RPWs (similar to 100 G).Conclusions. Our results suggest that opacity changes caused by UFs and RPWs cannot explain the observed temporal variations in the magnetic field, as the line seems to form at higher geometrical heights where the field is expected to be lower.
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| 12. |
- Joshi, Jayant, et al.
(author)
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Signatures of ubiquitous magnetic reconnection in the lower solar atmosphere
- 2020
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 641
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ellerman Bomb-like brightenings of the hydrogen Balmer line wings in the quiet Sun, also known as quiet Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs), are a signature of the fundamental process of magnetic reconnection at the smallest observable scale in the lower solar atmosphere. We analyze high spatial resolution observations (0.″1) obtained with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope to explore signatures of QSEBs in the Hβ line. We find that QSEBs are ubiquitous and uniformly distributed throughout the quiet Sun, predominantly occurring in intergranular lanes. We find up to 120 QSEBs in the field of view for a single moment in time; this is more than an order of magnitude higher than the number of QSEBs found in earlier Hα observations. This suggests that about half a million QSEBs could be present in the lower solar atmosphere at any given time. The QSEB brightenings found in the Hβ line wings also persist in the line core with a temporal delay and spatial offset toward the nearest solar limb. Our results suggest that QSEBs emanate through magnetic reconnection along vertically extended current sheets in the lower solar atmosphere. The apparent omnipresence of small-scale magnetic reconnection may play an important role in the energy balance of the solar chromosphere.
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| 13. |
- Joshi, Jayant, et al.
(author)
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Three-dimensional magnetic structure of a sunspot : Comparison of the photosphere and upper chromosphere
- 2017
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 604
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims. We investigate the magnetic field of a sunspot in the upper chromosphere and compare it to the photospheric properties of the field. Methods. We observed the main leading sunspot of the active region NOAA 11124 during two days with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter-2 (TIP-2) mounted at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT). Through inversion of Stokes spectra of the He i triplet at 10 830 angstrom, we obtained the magnetic field vector of the upper chromosphere. For comparison with the photosphere, we applied height-dependent inversions of the Si i 10 827.1 angstrom and Ca i 10 833.4 angstrom lines. Results. We found that the umbral magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere is lower by a factor of 1.30-1.65 compared to the photosphere. The magnetic field strength of the umbra decreases from the photosphere toward the upper chromosphere by an average rate of 0.5-0.9Gkm 1. The difference in the magnetic field strength between both atmospheric layers steadily decreases from the sunspot center to the outer boundary of the sunspot; the field, in particular its horizontal component, is stronger in the chromopshere outside the spot and this is suggestive of a magnetic canopy. The sunspot displays a twist that on average is similar in the two layers. However, the differential twist between the photosphere and chromosphere increases rapidly toward the outer penumbral boundary. The magnetic field vector is more horizontal with respect to the solar surface by roughly 5-20 degrees in the photosphere compared to the upper chromosphere. Above a lightbridge, the chromospheric magnetic field is equally strong as that in the umbra, whereas the field of the lightbridge is weaker than its surroundings in the photosphere by roughly 1 kG. This suggests a cusp-like magnetic field structure above the lightbridge.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gadolin, Christian, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Därför avstår forskarna från offentlig debatt
- 2019
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In: Göteborgs-Posten. - Göteborg : Tidningsaktiebolaget Stampen. - 1103-9345. ; :2019-06-28
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 19. |
- Pattison, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Moving Horizon Scheduling of an Air Separation Unit under Fast-Changing Energy Prices
- 2016
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In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8963. ; , s. 681-686
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maximizing the benefits of time-of-use pricing for industrial electricity consumers requires varying production rates, such that energy use is shifted from peak price periods to off-peak times dining the day. Assuming that excess capacity and product storage arc available, production of energy intensive processes can be increased at off-peak times beyond nominal rates, and the stored product can be used at peak times when the production rate is lowered. Under these rapidly changing circumstances, scheduling calculations must take into consideration explicitly the dynamic model of the process, often rendering the scheduling problem intractable in practical amounts of time. To address this challenge, we introduce a class of scheduling-relevant low-order process models, which capture the closed-loop input-output behavior of a plant. We use these models to close the scheduling loop, whereby the scheduling problem is formulated over a moving horizon with feedback. We apply the theoretical concepts to an industrial-scale air separation unit model, demonstrating that variable production rate operation with product storage has the potential for significant operating cost savings while abiding by product quality and safety constraints.
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| 20. |
- Pezzana, L., et al.
(author)
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Bio-based monomers for UV-curable coatings : allylation of ferulic acid and investigation of photocured thiol-ene network
- 2021
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In: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Y Ferulic acid (FA) is an unsaturated hydroxycinnamic acid that can be isolated from lignin. In this study, the biorenewable FA was allylated to result in a library of monoor diallylated monomers, either having the inherent cinnamoyl double bond intact or saturated through hydrogenolysis. All monomers were photo-chemically cured with trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TRIS) into crosslinked films in the presence of a photo initiator (Irgacue 819). The reactivity of the FA-derived monomers toward TRIS was investigated in detail by photorheology and FT-IR spectroscopy to reveal details on the relative reaction rates for the different alkene groups. The thermo-mechanical properties of the crosslinked films were fully characterized by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) and thermal calorimetry (DSC). It was demonstrated that the glass transition temperature of the final crosslinked network could be controlled by the addition of a monoallylated monomer. By increasing the content of the monoallylated compound, it was possible to observe a linear decrease of the Tgvalues of the crosslinked films.
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| 21. |
- Riis, Ulla, 1947-
(author)
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Universitetskanslererna och högskolepolitiken 1964-2010 av Lillemor Kim
- 2014
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In: Universitetsläraren. - Stockholm : Sveriges universitetslärarförbund. ; :9, s. 26-26
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Review (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Artikeln är en recension av en bok av Lillemor Kim om de svenska universitetskanslererna sedan detta ämbete inrättades som en del i den svenska myndighetsstrukturen 1964
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| 22. |
- Scharmer, Göran B., et al.
(author)
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SST/CRISP observations of convective flows in a sunspot penumbra
- 2012
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 540
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Recent discoveries of intensity correlated downflows in the interior of a sunspot penumbra provide direct evidence for overturning convection, adding to earlier strong indications of convection from filament dynamics observed far from solar disk center, and supporting recent simulations of sunspots. Aims. Using spectropolarimetric observations obtained at a spatial resolution approaching 0''.1 with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) and its spectropolarimeter CRISP, we investigate whether the convective downflows recently discovered in the C I line at 538.03 nm can also be detected in the wings of the Fe I line at 630.15 nm. Methods. We make azimuthal fits of the measured LOS velocities in the core and wings of the 538 nm and 630 nm lines to disentangle the vertical and horizontal flows. To investigate how these depend on the continuum intensity, the azimuthal fits are made separately for each intensity bin. By using spatially high-pass filtered measurements of the LOS component of the magnetic field, the flow properties are determined separately for magnetic spines (relatively strong and vertical field) and inter-spines (weaker and more horizontal field). Results. The dark convective downflows discovered recently in the 538.03 nm line are evident also in the 630.15 nm line, and have similar strength. This convective signature is the same in spines and inter-spines. However, the strong radial (Evershed) outflows are found only in the inter-spines. Conclusions. At the spatial resolution of the present SST/CRISP data, the small-scale intensity pattern seen in continuum images is strongly related to a convective up/down flow pattern that exists everywhere in the penumbra. Earlier failures to detect the dark convective downflows in the interior penumbra can be explained by inadequate spatial resolution in the observed data.
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| 23. |
- Bianchi Piccinini, Giulio, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Adaptive human machine interface based on the detection of driver's cognitive state using machine learning approach
- 2014
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In: Intelligenza Artificiale. - 2211-0097. ; 8:2/2014, s. 163-179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive distraction during the driving task might cause impairment of detection performance and of the recognition and/or response selection, increasing the risk of road crashes. In order to avoid or mitigate the negative effects related to cognitive distraction, this paper describes the development and testing of a Cooperative Lane Change Assistant (C-LCA) system: it takes into account the real-time driver's cognitive state by means of a cognitive distraction classifier expressly designed and it implements road cooperation between the vehicles thanks to a cooperative driver model. Three different test sessions were conducted on a static driving simulator and, in each test session, the participants carried out several analogous runs of a reference protocol test, derived from the Lane Change Task. Using the data collected during the first test session, the cognitive distraction classifier was developed using Machine Learning techniques. In the remaining two sessions, a specific C-LCA HMI prototype with visual and acoustic interfaces has been evaluated. The results show that the C-LCA reduced the workload during the lane change manoeuvres compared both with the baseline and with the assistance of a non-cooperative warning system. As well, the users expressed satisfaction about the Visual Interface and Acoustic Interface designed for the C-LCA.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Butler, Graham
(author)
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Sweden and the Free Movement of Alcoholic Goods in the EU Internal Market
- 2023
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In: European Public Law. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1354-3725 .- 1875-8207. ; 29:1, s. 75-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden is an EU Member State that has had a history of strict regulation relating to the sale and purchase of alcoholic goods. Most notably, it has long had in place a state monopoly which has possessed the exclusive right to engage in the retail sale of certain alcoholic goods within the state. This article analyses the contemporary legal issues arising in regard to Sweden and national measures relating to private imports, retail sale, exclusive rights, and state monopolies. It emphasizes a number of developments. First, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has changed its course when assessing the lawfulness of national measures relating to state monopolies. Second, the CJEU has ruled that the private import of alcoholic goods into Sweden from other EU Member States is lawful, permissible, and compatible with EU law. Third, the article argues that changes to national law that allow for domestically produced alcoholic goods to be sold outside the state monopoly, farm sales (gårdsförsäljning), would be discriminatory, and incompatible with EU law. Furthermore, and as a result, Systembolaget could no longer be a monopoly. The articles concludes by offering views on the future of alcohol regulation in Sweden, in light of the applicable considerations deriving from EU law.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Carroll, Daire, et al.
(author)
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Ash dieback: From Asia to Europe
- 2024
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In: PLANT PATHOLOGY. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 73:4, s. 741-759
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ash dieback is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Since its emergence in the 1990s, this pandemic disease has spread throughout much of the native range of its host species, the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). Where present, it can kill up to 85% of ash trees. The loss of these trees has had an enormous impact, particularly in Britain and Ireland where they formed an integral component of wood and farmland, supporting complex communities of other species. Thanks in part to widespread public interest, the ash dieback pandemic has also had a large political impact, leading to changes in the management of plant diseases. Now, three decades after the emergence of the disease, ambitious projects to breed tolerant plants, and evidence of natural selection for resistance, give hope for the recovery of European ash. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the history of the ash dieback pandemic, from its emergence to current efforts to mitigate its effects. We discuss the emergence of ash dieback and the wide body of research that has led to our current understanding of the disease. We question which aspects of the disease have led to it holding a particular interest to the public. With a focus on the islands of Britain and Ireland, we discuss how this has driven changes in the management of plant diseases, which may give hope for the control of emerging pathogens in the future.
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| 28. |
- Carroll, D. C., et al.
(author)
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A modified Thomson parabola spectrometer for high resolution multi-MeV ion measurements-Application to laser-driven ion acceleration
- 2010
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 620:1, s. 23-27
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel Thomson parabola ion spectrometer design is presented, in which a gradient electric field configuration is employed to enable a compact design capable of high resolution measurements of ion energy and charge-to-mass ratio. Practical issues relating to the use of the spectrometer for measurement of ion acceleration in high-power laser-plasma experiments are discussed. Example experimental results for ion acceleration from petawatt-class laser interactions with thin gold target foils are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Joshi, Gandhali D., et al.
(author)
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VINTERGATAN-GM : How do mergers affect the satellite populations of MW-like galaxies?
- 2024
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711. ; 528:2, s. 2346-2357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the impact of a galaxy’s merger history on its system of satellites using the new VINTERGATAN-GM suite of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-mass systems. The suite simulates five realizations of the same halo with targeted ‘genetic modifications’ of a z ≈ 2 merger, but resulting in the same halo mass at z = 0. We find that differences in the satellite stellar mass functions last for 2.25−4.25 Gyr after the z ≈ 2 merger; specifically, the haloes that have undergone smaller mergers host up to 60 per cent more satellites than those of the larger merger scenarios. However, by z = 0 these differences in the satellite stellar mass functions have been erased. The differences in satellite numbers seen soon after the mergers are driven by several factors, including the timings of significant mergers (with M200c mass ratios >1:30 and bringing in M∗ ≥ 108 M☉ at infall), the masses and satellite populations of the central and merging systems, and the subsequent extended history of smaller mergers. The results persist when measured at fixed central stellar mass rather than fixed time, implying that a host’s recent merger history can be a significant source of scatter when reconstructing its dynamical properties from its satellite population.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Joshi, Hemant, et al.
(author)
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Impact of microbial genomics approaches for novel antibiotic target
- 2019
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In: Microbial genomics in sustainable agroecosystems. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789813298606 - 9789813298590 ; , s. 75-88
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infectious diseases are life-threatening and may lead to high mortality and morbidity rates. The existing danger of an increase and spread of multidrug resistance pathogens is a global concern. Therefore, the designing of novel antibiotics and vaccine to control and eliminate the disease is an utmost requirement. Traditional approaches for screening vaccine and drug targets are time-consuming and have been unsuccessful in controlling the spread of infectious diseases due to several reasons such as altered antigenic diversity, altered virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance in the infectious agent population. To overcome this problem, there has been a paradigm shift from the conventional to microbial genomics approaches, as the availability of complete genome sequence of pathogenic microorganisms and multiple isolates of the same species provides a wealth of information on nearly all the potential drug targets. Microbial genomics approaches open up new avenues to pursuit novel antimicrobial agents that are highly conserved in a range of microbes, essential for the survival of pathogens and absent in humans. In this chapter, we present an overview of the microbial genomics approaches such as pan-genomics, comparative genomics, functional genomics, structural genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics used in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
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| 33. |
- Lewin, Leif, 1941-
(author)
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Arvid Lindman
- 2010
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Book (other academic/artistic)
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| 34. |
- Odilbekov, Firuz, et al.
(author)
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QTL Mapping for resistance to early blight in a tetraploid potato population
- 2020
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In: Agronomy. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4395. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early blight of potato, caused by Alternaria solani, is an economically important foliar disease in most potato-growing regions. Growing cultivars with higher levels of resistance to early blight can reduce tuber yield losses and the need for fungicide applications. In this research, a bi-parental tetraploid potato population, segregating for resistance to early blight in leaves and tubers, was characterized to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with foliar and tuber early blight resistance. Assessment of the disease resistance in the foliage was performed by field evaluation and in tuber under controlled conditions. Results from this study revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) in resistance to A. solani among potato clones both in the leaves and in tubers. There was no statistically significant correlation (r = 0.06, P = 0.35) between the resistance scores from leaves and tubers. Several clones exhibited; however, high levels of resistance both in leaves and tubers and are; thus, promising candidates for breeding for early blight resistance. Linkage mapping revealed several QTL for early blight affecting both foliage and tubers. QTL associated with disease resistance in the tuber were found on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11 and 12. QTL associated with disease resistance in foliage were also examined for independence from defoliation, and independent QTL were; thus, found on chromosomes 5 and 11.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Paerregaard, Karsten, 1952
(author)
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Capitalizing on Migration. The Role of Weak and Strong Ties among Peruvian Entrepreneurs in the US, Spain and Chile
- 2018
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In: Migration Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1369-183X .- 2049-5838 .- 2049-5846. ; 6:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do Peruvian migrants use ethnic entrepreneurship to make headway in their countries of settlement? This article answers this question by using three ethnographic case studies to explore how Peruvian entrepreneurs mobilize resources to open restaurants in the United States, Spain and Chile. The finding is that Peruvian restaurant owners are adept in converting their educational skills and previous work experiences into human capital but that they often lack financial and cultural capital to establish new enterprises. Another insight is that while most Peruvian entrepreneurs use bonding capital to access these resources not all command enough bridging capital to capture customers outside their family and ethnic networks, which is critical to compete on the ethnic restaurant market. A final topic of inspection is the receiving contexts and the opportunity structures in the three countries and the way they facilitate or restrain immigrant entrepreneurships. The article concludes that migration scholars should inquire into the relations of inequality that the concepts of network and social capital gloss over and scrutinize how they shape the bonding and bridging capital immigrant entrepreneurs use to create mixed clienteles.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Petti, Stefano, et al.
(author)
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World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis : One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries
- 2018
-
In: Dental Traumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1600-4469 .- 1600-9657. ; 34:2, s. 71-86
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) account for a considerable proportion of bodily injuries. Nevertheless, global TDI frequency is unknown, probably because TDI diagnosis is not standardized. This study estimated world TDI frequency. A literature search (publication years 1996-2016) was aimed at covering as many countries, communities, ethnic groups as possible, thus achieving high generalizability. In particular, non-specific keywords, no language restrictions, and large databanks were used. Observational studies reporting proportions of individuals with at least one TDI (prevalence) and who developed TDI (incidence rate) were considered. Prevalence rates to permanent dentition, primary dentition and in 12-year-olds, incidence rate to any tooth for any age, male-to-female prevalence ratio (PR) in 12-year-olds, with 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs), were extracted/calculated. Study quality, Z-score distribution, funnel plot symmetry analysis, between-study heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed. Selected primary studies were 102 (permanent dentition; 268755 individuals; median age, 13.8years), 46 (primary dentition; 59436 individuals; median age, 3.4years), 42 (12-year-olds; 33829 individuals), 11 (incidence rate; 233480 person-years; median age, 7.8years), and 31 (PR; 16003 males, 16006 females). World TDI frequency resulted as follows: permanent dentition prevalence 15.2% (95 CI, 13.0%-17.4%); primary dentition prevalence 22.7% (95 CI, 17.3%-28.7%); 12-year-olds prevalence 18.1% (95 CI, 15.3%-21.0%); incidence rate, 2.82 (95 CI, 2.28%-3.42%) per 100 person-years; PR, 1.43 (95 CI, 1.34%-1.52%). Differences between WHO Regions were found. This study shows that more than one billion living people have had TDI. TDI is a neglected condition which could rank fifth if it was included in the list of the world's most frequent acute/chronic diseases and injuries.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Sóvágó, Judit
(author)
-
Methological advances in the examination of the dopamine system in brain
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The dopamine (DA) system in brain has attracted considerable attention in neuroscience due to its involvement in fundamental brain functions and its postulated role in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Radioligand binding techniques in vitro and in vivo, such as receptor binding autoradiography and positron emission tomography (PET) have substantially contributed to our understanding of the DA system. With the aid of these methodologies the distribution, density and affinity of dopamine receptors can be examined in the brain at physiological conditions and in neuropsychiatric disorders. More recent aspects of research on DA receptors are the examination of coupling between DA receptors and G proteins, selective labelling of different DA receptor subtypes and in vivo examination of DA receptors in small regions of the human brain with minute receptor densities. Examination of the aforementioned aspects of the DA system necessitates the establishment of new techniques to study DA receptors. The aim of the present thesis was to apply and evaluate new in vitro and in vivo imaging methods for the examination of dopamine-D2/D3 receptors in the brain with special attention to the following three topics: (i) examination of the interaction between D2/D3 receptors and G proteins in human brain in vitro, (ii) selective visualization of D3 receptors with PET, and (iii) improvement of the accuracy in PET imaging of D2/D3 receptors by correction for partial volume effects (PVEs). In the first study agonist stimulated [35S]GTPgS binding autoradiography was established for the examination of D2/D3 receptors in the postmortem human brain. The functional response to DA, the physiological agonist, and quinpirole, a prototype D2/D3 agonist was described in human whole hemisphere cryosections. The stimulatory effect of DA was primarily mediated by D2/D3 receptors. Both DA and quinpirole stimulated [35S]GTPgS binding to the highest level in the striatum. Moderate to low stimulation was observed in other brain regions, such as substantia nigra, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate. The results indicate that this method could be a suitable tool for examination of coupling between D2/D3 receptors and G proteins in neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of the next two studies was to develop a radioligand for selective in vivo labelling of D3 receptors by PET. As currently no D3-selective radioligands are available for in vivo examinations, the binding of the putative D3-selective radioligand, [11C]RGH-1756, was evaluated in the monkey brain. Despite the promising in vitro characteristics of the molecule, [11C]RGH-1756 yielded very low signal for specific D3 binding in the monkey brain. Pretreatment experiments with unlabelled RGH-1756 and raclopride showed some, albeit low, saturable binding of the radioligand. It has previously been suggested that endogenous DA occupies D3 receptors to a high degree, which could prevent binding of [11C]RGH-1756. To test this hypothesis the effect of reserpine induced DA depletion was examined on the binding of [11C]RGH-1756 in the monkey brain. Following reserpine treatment there was no consistent increase in specific binding of [11C]RGH-1756. This observation does not support the assumption that binding of [11C]RGH-1756 to D3 receptors is inhibited by high occupancy of D3 receptors by endogenous DA. The most likely reason for low specific binding of [11C]RGH-1756 is therefore the insufficient in vivo affinity of the radioligand. In the final two studies the influence of PVE was estimated in PET studies using the D2/D3 selective radioligands, [11C]FLB 457 and [11C]raclopride in human subjects. Kinetic rate constants, binding potential (BP) and total volume of distribution (DVtot) were derived from the standard twotissue compartment model before and after PVE correction. The results demonstrated that underestimation of regional radioactivity concentration and contamination of time activity curves by spill-in of radioactivity from neighbouring regions have substantial effects on quantitative PET measurements with [11C]FLB 457 and [11C]raclopride. PVE correction can therefore contribute to the accuracy of quantitative PET measurements both by compensating for loss of activity (spill-out) and influence from neighbouring regions (spill-in). Based on the results initial recommendations were formulated for the application of PVE correction particularly in clinical PET studies on disorders with structural brain abnormalities.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Carroll, Daire, et al.
(author)
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Non-fatal removal of ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii Smuts, 1832) tracking devices by predators
- 2024
-
In: African Journal of Ecology. - 0141-6707. ; 62:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii Smuts 1832) is vulnerable to extinction due to poaching and trafficking. Recovery of pangolins from the trade and subsequent rehabilitation and release form a core component of pangolin conservation. Post-release monitoring of rehabilitated pangolins through the attachment of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and satellite devices is carried out to determine the efficacy of release protocols. We report on 14 confirmed and 19 potential incidents of device removal by predators during non-fatal attacks, which occurred over a 6 year period. During this time, 78 devices were deployed 109 times attached to 36 rehabilitated pangolins. These incidents should be considered during the design of future post-release monitoring protocols.
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| 45. |
- Darakchieva, Vanya, et al.
(author)
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Strain evolution in high temperature AlN buffer layers for HVPE-GaN growth
- 2002
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In: Physica status solidi. A, Applied research. - 0031-8965 .- 1521-396X. ; 190:1, s. 59-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High temperature AlN buffer layers are deposited on a-plane sapphire by reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of the buffer thickness on the AlN structural properties and surface morphology are studied in correlation with the subsequent hydride vapour phase epitaxy of GaN. A minimum degree of mosaicity and screw dislocation density is determined for a 50 nm thick AlN buffer. With increasing the AlN thickness, a strain relaxation occurs as a result of misfit dislocation generation and higher degree of mosaicity. A blue shift of the E-1(TO) frequency evaluated by means of infrared reflection spectroscopy is linearly correlated with an increase in biaxial compressive stress in the films through the IR stress factor k(E1)(b) = 2.57 +/- 0.26 cm(-1) GPa(-1).
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| 46. |
- Darakchieva, Vanya, 1971-
(author)
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Strain-related structural and vibrational properties of group-III nitride layers and superlattices
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This PhD thesis is focused on strain-related phenomena in group-III nitride layers and heterostructures. Key issues in material properties as phonon mode behavior, structure and lattice parameters of AlN, InN and GaN, as well as of AlN/GaN superlattices are addressed in order to give answers to some open questions. The research is motivated by the enormous technological application potential of the group-III nitride materials for optoelectronic devices and high temperature, and high power devices. Due to the lack of native substrates, the group-III nitrides are typically grown on foreign substrates resulting inbuilt-in strain in the films, as well as, in misorientation and defect formation. Substantial efforts have been concentrated on the research of strain-related fundamental properties of group-III nitrides. However, some of the strain-related structural and vibrational properties of these materials remain unclear and this gap has to be filled in order to fully explore the possibilities for applications.The thesis contributes to the knowledge of the strain-related phenomena ingroup-III nitrides by concentrating on the following: i) lattice parameters and strain relaxation in GaN, AlN, InN films with different thicknesses, as well as free-standing GaN quasi-substrates; ii) phonon mode behavior and deformation potentials of AlN and InN; iii) structural evolution in AlN and GaN; iv)phonon mode behavior and strain evolution in AlN/GaN superlattices. The layers studied were grown by a variety of growth techniques and nucleation schemes aiming at establishing of a comprehensive understanding of the material properties.The thesis is organized as follows: In the first part a general description of the basic properties of group-III nitrides is given with a special emphasis on the structural and vibrational properties. The vibrational properties of lowdimensional group-III nitrides are also reviewed. After that, basic concepts of strain phenomenon in group-III nitrides, as well as the strain effects on phonons and on structural properties are discussed. Finally, the experimental techniques used are introduced.The second part of the thesis consists of six papers providing informationon specific strain-related structural and vibrational properties of III-nitride layers and superlattices.The lattice parameters of GaN films grown by two different techniques on a-plane sapphire are the subject of Paper I. We have determined two different values of the in-plane lattice parameter of the GaN layers in contrast to only one in the case of films grown on c-plane sapphire. We suggest that the observed distortion of the hexagonal symmetry can be attributed to the presence of anisotropic in-plane strain in the films. A new approach to determination of lattice parameters has been proposed.Paper II deals with the lattice parameters of GaN quasi-substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using two nucleation schemes. The lattice parameters of both, Ga- and N-polar faces of the quasi-substrates were determined and compared. The strain relaxation phenomena in such free-standing layers and the concept of strain-free lattice parameters are discussed.Papers III and IV are devoted to the deformation potentials of the E 1 (TO)mode in AlN, and the E1 (TO) and E2 modes in InN, where a combination of infraredellipsometry, infrared reflection, Raman scattering and x-ray diffractionstudies was used. The reported results in Paper III present the first experimentalvalues for the E1 (TO) deformation potentials of AlN and the results for the InN deformation potentials in Paper IV are the first ever reported.The strain evolution and its effect on the structural and vibrational properties of thin epitaxial AlN layers with different thicknesses have been studied in Paper V. A model of the strain evolution with film thickness and related defect structure is suggested and it is successfully used in the infrared ellipsometry data analysis.Paper VI is focused on the strain evolution in AlN/GaN superlattices withdifferent periods and its effect on their phonon properties. The presence of phonons originating from the superlattice constituents was revealed and their nature is discussed.
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| 47. |
- Davis, Ian
(author)
-
Reflections : Resolving conflicting demands within disaster risk and recovery
- 2016
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In: Environmental Hazards. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7891 .- 1878-0059. ; 15:3, s. 269-278
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This ‘reflection’ describes conflicting experiences, drawn from the author’s career in varied aspects of disaster risk management and recovery (1973–2016) delving into his memory, Ian Davis explores conflicts he has felt in four parallel roles he has adopted as architect, NGO board member, academic and the personal challenges he has faced working within the humanitarian sector. After describing these encounters, some practical solutions are suggested. The reflection concludes with a suggestion that at the root of these conflicts there is a need for people working in the humanitarian field to become more accountable in a downward direction towards those they seek to serve, who often lack power and influence. These include an architect’s clients, the beneficiaries of an NGO’s concern, an academic’s students or trainees and more broadly an ethical challenge that the author strives after, to regard his work as a vocation, highlighting the need for service to others rather than self-promotion.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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