| 1. |
- Jakobsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Unexpected potentials for growth
- 2013
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In: Capturing effects. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144093000 ; , s. 163-181
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
-
- 2014
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In: The European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6052. ; 74:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Adrian, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Minimal guidewire length for central venous catheterization of the right subclavian vein : A CT-based consecutive case series
- 2022
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In: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 23:3, s. 375-382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter (CVC) misplacement occurs frequently after right subclavian vein catheterization. It can be avoided by using ultrasound to confirm correct guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava prior to CVC insertion. However, retraction of the guidewire during the CVC insertion may dislocate the guidewire tip from its desired and confirmed position, thereby resulting in CVC misplacement. The aim of this study was to determine the minimal guidewire length required to maintain correct guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava throughout an ultrasound-guided CVC placement in the right subclavian vein.METHODS: One hundred adult patients with a computed tomography scan of the chest were included. By using multiplanar reconstructions from thin-sliced images, the distance from the most plausible distal puncture site of the right subclavian vein to the optimal guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava was measured (vessel length). In addition, measurements of equipment in common commercial over-the-wire percutaneous 15-16 cm CVC kits were performed. The 95th percentile of the vessel length was used to calculate the required minimal guidewire length for each CVC kit.RESULTS: The 95th percentile of the vessel length was 153 mm. When compared to the calculated minimal guidewire length, the guidewires were up to 108 mm too short in eight of eleven CVC kits.CONCLUSION: After confirmation of a correct guidewire position, retraction of the guidewire tip above the junction of the brachiocephalic veins should be avoided prior to CVC insertion in order to preclude dislocation of the catheter tip towards the right internal jugular vein or the left subclavian vein. This study shows that many commercial over-the-wire percutaneous 15-16 cm CVC kits contain guidewires that are too short for right subclavian vein catheterization, i.e., guidewire retraction is needed prior to CVC insertion.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aasheim,, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin status after bariatric surgery: a randomized study of gastric bypass and duodenal switch.
- 2009
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In: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 90:1, s. 15-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is widely performed to induce weight loss. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine changes in vitamin status after 2 bariatric surgical techniques. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 Scandinavian hospitals. The subjects were 60 superobese patients [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 50-60]. The surgical interventions were either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. All patients received multivitamins, iron, calcium, and vitamin D supplements. Gastric bypass patients also received a vitamin B-12 substitute. The patients were examined before surgery and 6 wk, 6 mo, and 1 y after surgery. RESULTS: Of 60 surgically treated patients, 59 completed the follow-up. After surgery, duodenal switch patients had lower mean vitamin A and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and a steeper decline in thiamine concentrations than did the gastric bypass patients. Other vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin C, and vitamin E adjusted for serum lipids) did not change differently in the surgical groups, and concentrations were either stable or increased. Furthermore, duodenal switch patients had lower hemoglobin and total cholesterol concentrations and a lower BMI (mean reduction: 41% compared with 30%) than did gastric bypass patients 1 y after surgery. Additional dietary supplement use was more frequent among duodenal switch patients (55%) than among gastric bypass patients (26%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with gastric bypass, duodenal switch may be associated with a greater risk of vitamin A and D deficiencies in the first year after surgery and of thiamine deficiency in the initial months after surgery. Patients who undergo these 2 surgical interventions may require different monitoring and supplementation regimens in the first year after surgery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00327912.
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| 7. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(author)
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Einstein@Home all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S5 data
- 2013
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents results of an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range [50, 1190] Hz and with frequency derivative range of similar to[-20, 1.1] x 10(-10) Hz s(-1) for the fifth LIGO science run (S5). The search uses a noncoherent Hough-transform method to combine the information from coherent searches on time scales of about one day. Because these searches are very computationally intensive, they have been carried out with the Einstein@Home volunteer distributed computing project. Postprocessing identifies eight candidate signals; deeper follow-up studies rule them out. Hence, since no gravitational wave signals have been found, we report upper limits on the intrinsic gravitational wave strain amplitude h(0). For example, in the 0.5 Hz-wide band at 152.5 Hz, we can exclude the presence of signals with h(0) greater than 7.6 x 10(-25) at a 90% confidence level. This search is about a factor 3 more sensitive than the previous Einstein@Home search of early S5 LIGO data.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(author)
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All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the second joint LIGO-Virgo run
- 2012
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010: data are analyzed when at least two of the three LIGO-Virgo detectors are in coincident operation, with a total observation time of 207 days. The analysis searches for transients of duration less than or similar to 1 s over the frequency band 64-5000 Hz, without other assumptions on the signal waveform, polarization, direction or occurrence time. All identified events are consistent with the expected accidental background. We set frequentist upper limits on the rate of gravitational-wave bursts by combining this search with the previous LIGO-Virgo search on the data collected between November 2005 and October 2007. The upper limit on the rate of strong gravitational-wave bursts at the Earth is 1.3 events per year at 90% confidence. We also present upper limits on source rate density per year and Mpc(3) for sample populations of standard-candle sources. As in the previous joint run, typical sensitivities of the search in terms of the root-sum-squared strain amplitude for these waveforms lie in the range similar to 5 x 10(-22) Hz(-1/2) to similar to 1 x 10(-20) Hz(-1/2). The combination of the two joint runs entails the most sensitive all-sky search for generic gravitational-wave bursts and synthesizes the results achieved by the initial generation of interferometric detectors.
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| 10. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(author)
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All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the full S5 LIGO data
- 2012
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 50-800 Hz and with the frequency time derivative in the range of 0 through -6 x 10(-9) Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. After recent improvements in the search program that yielded a 10x increase in computational efficiency, we have searched in two years of data collected during LIGO's fifth science run and have obtained the most sensitive all-sky upper limits on gravitational-wave strain to date. Near 150 Hz our upper limit on worst-case linearly polarized strain amplitude h(0) is 1 x 10(-24), while at the high end of our frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 3.8 x 10(-24) for all polarizations and sky locations. These results constitute a factor of 2 improvement upon previously published data. A new detection pipeline utilizing a loosely coherent algorithm was able to follow up weaker outliers, increasing the volume of space where signals can be detected by a factor of 10, but has not revealed any gravitational-wave signals. The pipeline has been tested for robustness with respect to deviations from the model of an isolated neutron star, such as caused by a low-mass or long-period binary companion.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(author)
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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during LIGO Science Run 6 and Virgo Science Runs 2 and 3
- 2012
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 760:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 154 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were detected by satellite-based gamma-ray experiments in 2009-2010, during the sixth LIGO science run and the second and third Virgo science runs. We perform two distinct searches: a modeled search for coalescences of either two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole, and a search for generic, unmodeled gravitational-wave bursts. We find no evidence for gravitational-wave counterparts, either with any individual GRB in this sample or with the population as a whole. For all GRBs we place lower bounds on the distance to the progenitor, under the optimistic assumption of a gravitational-wave emission energy of 10(-2) M-circle dot c(2) at 150 Hz, with a median limit of 17 Mpc. For short-hard GRBs we place exclusion distances on binary neutron star and neutron-star-black-hole progenitors, using astrophysically motivated priors on the source parameters, with median values of 16 Mpc and 28 Mpc, respectively. These distance limits, while significantly larger than for a search that is not aided by GRB satellite observations, are not large enough to expect a coincidence with a GRB. However, projecting these exclusions to the sensitivities of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, which should begin operation in 2015, we find that the detection of gravitational waves associated with GRBs will become quite possible.
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| 14. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(author)
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First low-latency LIGO plus Virgo search for binary inspirals and their electromagnetic counterparts
- 2012
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims. The detection and measurement of gravitational-waves from coalescing neutron-star binary systems is an important science goal for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. In addition to emitting gravitational-waves at frequencies that span the most sensitive bands of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, these sources are also amongst the most likely to produce an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational-wave emission. A joint detection of the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals would provide a powerful new probe for astronomy. Methods. During the period between September 19 and October 20, 2010, the first low-latency search for gravitational-waves from binary inspirals in LIGO and Virgo data was conducted. The resulting triggers were sent to electromagnetic observatories for followup. We describe the generation and processing of the low-latency gravitational-wave triggers. The results of the electromagnetic image analysis will be described elsewhere. Results. Over the course of the science run, three gravitational-wave triggers passed all of the low-latency selection cuts. Of these, one was followed up by several of our observational partners. Analysis of the gravitational-wave data leads to an estimated false alarm rate of once every 6.4 days, falling far short of the requirement for a detection based solely on gravitational-wave data.
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| 15. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(author)
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Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
- 2012
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 539
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims. A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods. During two observing periods (Dec. 17, 2009 to Jan. 8, 2010 and Sep. 2 to Oct. 20, 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results. For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with similar to 50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes.
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| 16. |
- Abadias, Gregory, et al.
(author)
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Preface
- 2020
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 404
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
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| 17. |
- Pineiro, Maya, et al.
(author)
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FAO technical meeting on prebiotics
- 2008
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In: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 1539-2031. ; 42:8, s. 156-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recognizing the possible beneficial effect of prebiotics in food, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) convened a Technical meeting to start work on the evaluation of the functional and health properties of prebiotics. A group of international experts agreed on guidelines, recommended criteria, and methodology for conducting a systematic approach for the evaluation of prebiotics leading to its safe use in food. It was recommended that a full expert consultation be convened under the auspices of FAO. This work provides governments, industry, and consumers with scientific advice in relation to functional and health aspects of prebiotics and general guidance for the assessment of prebiotics in relation to their nutritional properties or safety. These guidelines may also be used by Member Countries and Codex Alimentarius to identify and define what data need to be available to accurately substantiate health and nutrition claims.
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| 18. |
- Pineiro, L., et al.
(author)
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Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes A and B from urogenital specimens of patients in Spain : molecular characterization
- 2018
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In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 24:8, s. 910.e5-910.e8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis ompA genotypes A and B, primarily associated with trachoma, were unexpectedly detected in urogenital samples of patients in Spain, a trachoma-free country. In this study, we aimed to explain this finding using analysis of organotropism-related genes and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique.Methods: C trachomatis genotypes A or B were detected in 8/930 (0.9%) infection episodes between 2006 and 2012. In these strains, organotropism-related genes (polymorphic membrane protein gene H, tryptophan synthase gene A, CTA0934, and cytotoxin) were studied. Further, the strains were analysed by MLST, using a polymerase chain reaction that amplifies five highly variable genomic loci (hctB, CT058, CT144, CT172, and pbpB). Amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted.Results: Seven strains were detected in the eight infection episodes (in one patient, an identical strain being found in two episodes). Analysis of organotropism-related genes showed that these strains shared genetic features characteristic of genitotropic genotypes but not of trachoma strains. Three strains of genotype A showed a unique and new MLST-sequence type (ST551, allele profile 8-8-2-27-69). The four strains of genotype B belonged to ST138.Conclusions: C. trachomatis ompA genotypes A and B associated with trachoma, but detected sporadically in urogenital samples in trachoma-free countries, may be the result of recombination between strains adapted to trachoma and strains adapted to sexual transmission.
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| 19. |
- Kaplan, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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The Impact of Weld Shape on Fatigue Cracking of Eccentric Geometry Laser Hybrid Welds under Bending Load
- 2010
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In: Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Advances in Welding Science and Technology for Construction, Energy and Transportation, AWST 2010, held in Conj. with the 63rd Annual Assembly of IIW 2010. - Istanbul : Ridgeview Publishing Company. - 9786056141911 ; , s. 253-259
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A butt joint of two 10 mm thick stainless steel plates, but 5 mm vertically eccentric to each other, was laser hybrid welded. The weld experiences four point bending fatigue load such that the root stress remains compressive. Thus only the stress formation at the top of the weld was studied, both by fatigue testing and by linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis. The location of the peak stress for crack initiation as well as the direction and speed of crack propagation can be well explained. Weld throat depth, weld toe radii and surface roughness compete against each other for determining the peak stress. It was also shown why occasional lack of fusion has only limited impact on the peak stress and fatigue life. Optimization of the laser beam contribution is responsible for full penetration and for avoiding lack of fusion. Optimization of the MIG-process is essential, as governing the top shape. Beside stress analysis including the topography, the propagation of the cracks along surface resolidification ripples was an indicator that surface roughness has essential impact. Several approaches were developed and studied for systematic documentation and generalization of the discovered knowledge.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ideström, Jonas, 1968-
(author)
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Svenska kyrkan ”inbäddad” i Afghanistan.
- 2010
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In: Svensk Kyrkotidning. - Uppsala : Svensk kyrkotidning. - 0346-2153. ; 106:20
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 22. |
- Ousdal, Olga T., et al.
(author)
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Increased amygdala and visual cortex activity and functional connectivity towards stimulus novelty is associated with state anxiety
- 2014
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Novel stimuli often require a rapid reallocation of sensory processing resources to determine the significance of the event, and the appropriate behavioral response. Both the amygdala and the visual cortex are central elements of the neural circuitry responding to novelty, demonstrating increased activity to new as compared to highly familiarized stimuli. Further, these brain areas are intimately connected, and thus the amygdala may be a key region for directing sensory processing resources to novel events. Although knowledge regarding the neurocircuit of novelty detection is gradually increasing, we still lack a basic understanding of the conditions that are necessary and sufficient for novelty-specific responses in human amygdala and the visual cortices, and if these brain areas interact during detection of novelty. In the present study, we investigated the response of amygdala and the visual cortex to novelty, by comparing functional MRI activity between 1st and 2nd time presentation of a series of emotional faces in an event-related task. We observed a significant decrease in amygdala and visual cortex activity already after a single stimulus exposure. Interestingly, this decrease in responsiveness was less for subjects with a high score on state anxiety. Further, novel faces stimuli were associated with a relative increase in the functional coupling between the amygdala and the inferior occipital gyrus (BA 18). Thus, we suggest that amygdala is involved in fast sensory boosting that may be important for attention reallocation to novel events, and that the strength of this response depends on individual state anxiety.
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| 23. |
- Ousdal, Olga Therese, et al.
(author)
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The human amygdala encodes value and space during decision making
- 2014
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In: NeuroImage. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 101, s. 712-719
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Valuable stimuli are invariably localized in space. While our knowledge regarding the neural networks supporting value assignment and comparisons is considerable, we lack a basic understanding of how the human brain integrates motivational and spatial information. The amygdala is a key structure for learning and maintaining the value of sensory stimuli and a recent non-human primate study provided initial evidence that it also acts to integrate value with spatial location, a question we address here in a human setting. We measured hemodynamic responses (fMRI) in amygdala while manipulating the value and spatial configuration of stimuli in a simple stimulus-reward task. Subjects responded significantly faster and showed greater amygdala activation when a reward was dependent on a spatial specific response, compared to when a reward required less spatial specificity. Supplemental analysis supported this spatial specificity by demonstrating that the pattern of amygdala activity varied based on whether subjects responded to a motivational target presented in the ipsilateral or contralateral visual space. Our data show that the human amygdala integrates information about space and value, an integration of likely importance for assigning cognitive resources towards highly valuable stimuli in our environment.
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| 24. |
- Tavakoli, Armin
(author)
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Quantum Steering with Imprecise Measurements
- 2024
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 132:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study quantum steering experiments without assuming that the trusted party can perfectly control their measurement device. Instead, we introduce a scenario in which these measurements are subject to small imprecision. We show that small measurement imprecision can have a large detrimental influence in terms of false positives for steering inequalities, and that this effect can become even more relevant for high-dimensional systems. We then introduce a method for taking generic measurement imprecision into account in tests of bipartite steering inequalities. The revised steering bounds returned by this method are analytical, easily computable, and are even optimal for well-known families of arbitrary-dimensional steering tests. Furthermore, it applies equally well to generalized quantum steering scenarios, where the shared quantum state does not need to be separable, but is instead limited by some other entanglement property.
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| 25. |
- Tavakoli, Armin, et al.
(author)
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Secret sharing with a single d-level quantum system
- 2015
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In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 92:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We give an example of a wide class of problems for which quantum-information protocols based on multisystem entanglement can be mapped into much simpler ones involving one system. Secret sharing is a cryptographic primitive which plays a central role in various secure multiparty computation tasks and management of keys in cryptography. In secret sharing protocols, a classical message is divided into shares given to recipient parties in such a way that some number of parties need to collaborate in order to reconstruct the message. Quantum protocols for the task commonly rely on multipartite GHZ entanglement. We present a multiparty secret sharing protocol which requires only sequential communication of a single quantum d-level system (for any prime d). It has huge advantages in scalability and can be realized with state-of-the-art technology.
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| 26. |
- Krzyzanowska, Natalia, 1977-
(author)
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(Counter)Monuments and (Anti)Memory in the City. An Aesthetic and Socio-Theoretical Approach
- 2017
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In: The Polish Journal of Aesthetics. - Krakow, Poland : Jagiellonian University Press. - 1643-1243. ; 47:4, s. 109-128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reflects upon the possibility of the visualisation of different forms of collective memory in the city. It focuses on the evolution of the ways of commemorating in public spaces. It juxtaposes traditional monuments erected in commemoration of an event or an "important" person for a community with (counter)monuments as a modern, critical reaction geared towards what is either ignored in historical narratives or what remains on the fringe of collective memory. While following a theoretical exploration of the concepts of memory and their fruition in monuments as well as (counter)monuments, the eventual multimodal analysis central to the paper looks in-depth at Ruth Beckermann’s work The Missing Image (Vienna, 2015). The latter is treated as an example of the possible and manifold interpretations of the function and multiplicity of meanings that (counter)-monuments bring to contemporary urban spaces.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nicoll, Rachel, et al.
(author)
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South Asians and their increased cardiovascular risk : A review of risk factors and diet and lifestyle modification
- 2013
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In: International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. - : International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. - 2410-2636 .- 2409-3424. ; 1:2, s. 74-78
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- South Asians (SAs) have a significantly higher incidence and severity of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) than Caucasians and can present with atypical ischaemic symptoms. This can present a challenge for health professionals who may not be aware of the lowered thresholds recommended for SA body mass index, waist circumference and age. Although SAs are likely to have all the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome: central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, reduced high density lipoprotein, high triglycerides and hypertension, conventional risk factors alone do not fully predict the increased CVD risk among this community. Furthermore, SAs themselves may not be aware of their increased predisposition to disease nor of the dietary and lifestyle modifications which could reduce the risk and severity of their condition. Even where some modification has been attempted, there may be cultural pressure to conform to a traditional diet and the requirements for fasting and feasting. Principally, SAs should avoid large late meals, reduce sugary sweets and drinks, alcohol and foods fried in plant oils which create damaging transfats, while increasing protein and non-fried vegetables to help glycaemic control. Chewing paan, with or without added tobacco, is a particular risk factor for both CVD and cancer, on a par with the dangers of smoking. Although not in the culture, exercise would also be of great benefit.
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| 29. |
- Nicoll, Rachel, et al.
(author)
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The acid-ash hypothesis revisited : a reassessment of the impact of dietary acidity on bone
- 2014
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In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0914-8779 .- 1435-5604. ; 32:5, s. 469-475
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The acid-ash hypothesis states that when there are excess blood protons, bone is eroded to provide alkali to buffer the net acidity and maintain physiologic pH. There is concern that with the typical Western diet, we are permanently in a state of net endogenous acid production, which is gradually reducing bone. While it is clear that a high acid-producing diet generates increased urinary acid and calcium excretion, the effect of diet does not always have the expected results on BMD, fracture risk and markers of bone formation and resorption, suggesting that other factors are influencing the effect of acid/alkali loading on bone. High dietary protein, sodium and phosphorus intake, all of which are necessary for bone formation, were thought to be net acid forming and contribute to low BMD and fracture risk, but appear under certain conditions to be beneficial, with the effect of protein being driven by calcium repletion. Dietary salt can increase short-term markers of bone resorption but may also trigger 1,25(OH)2D synthesis to increase calcium absorption; with low calcium intake, salt intake may be inversely correlated with BMD but with high calcium intake, salt intake was positively correlated with BMD. With respect to the effect of phosphorus, the data are conflicting. Inclusion of an analysis of calcium intake may help to reconcile the contradictory results seen in many of the studies of bone. The acid-ash hypothesis could, therefore, be amended to state that with an acid-producing diet and low calcium intake, bone is eroded to provide alkali to buffer excess protons but where calcium intake is high the acid-producing diet may be protective.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Hirschauer, B, et al.
(author)
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CeO2 on Si(111) 7 X 7 and Si(111)-H 1 X 1, an interface study by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy
- 1999
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In: Applied Surface Science. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 148:3-4, s. 164-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formation of the CeO2-Si(111) interface was studied by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that CeO2 and Si(111) forms a highly reactive: interface with a strong interdiffusion of Si into the CeO2. A passive silicon surface formed by saturating the Si dangling bonds with hydrogen is considerably less reactive. Defects on the surface, however, act as nucleations centres for reactions of a Si:Ce:O matrix. Oxygen leaves the surface at about 800 degrees C and at 1000 degrees C a surface reconstruction of Si(111)-Ce 2 X 2/root 3 X root 3 is formed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., et al.
(author)
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Methodological background and strategy for the 2012-2013 updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the abdominal compartment society
- 2015
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In: ANAESTHESIOLOGY INTENSIVE THERAPY. - 1642-5758. ; 47, s. S63-S77
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Abdominal Compartment Society (www.wsacs.org) previously created highly cited Consensus Definitions/Management Guidelines related to intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Implicit in this previous work, was a commitment to regularly reassess and update in relation to evolving research. Two years preceding the Fifth World Congress on Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, an International Guidelines committee began preparation. An oversight/steering committee formulated key clinical questions regarding IAH//ACS based on polling of the Executive to redundancy, structured according to the Patient, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) format. Scientific consultations were obtained from Methodological GRADE experts and a series of educational teleconferences were conducted to educate scientific review teams from among the wscacs. org membership. Each team conducted systematic or structured reviews to identify relevant studies and prepared evidence summaries and draft Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) recommendations. The evidence and draft recommendations were presented and debated in person over four days. Updated consensus definitions and management statements were derived using a modified Delphi method. A writing committee subsequently compiled the results utilizing frequent Internet discussion and Delphi voting methods to compile a robust online Master Report and a concise peer-reviewed summarizing publication. A dedicated Paediatric Guidelines Subcommittee reviewed all recommendations and either accepted or revised them for appropriateness in children. Of the original 12 IAH/ACS definitions proposed in 2006, three (25%) were accepted unanimously, with four (33%) accepted by >80%, and four (33%) accepted by >50%, but required discussion to produce revised definitions. One (8%) was rejected by >50%. In addition to previous 2006 definitions, the panel also defined the open abdomen, lateralization of the abdominal musculature, polycompartment syndrome, abdominal compliance, and suggested a refined open abdomen classification system. Recommendations were possible regarding intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement, approach to sustained IAH, philosophy of protocolized IAP management and same-hospital-stay fascial closure, use of decompressive laparotomy, and negative pressure wound therapy. Consensus suggestions included use of non-invasive therapies for treating IAH/ACS, considering body position and IAP, damage control resuscitation, prophylactic open abdomen usage, and prudence in early biological mesh usage. No recommendations were made for the use of diuretics, albumin, renal replacement therapies, and utilizing abdominal perfusion pressure as a resuscitation-endpoint. Collaborating Methodological Guideline Development and Clinical Experts produced Consensus Definitions/Clinical Management statements encompassing the most contemporary evidence. Data summaries now exist for clinically relevant IAH/ACS questions, which will facilitate future scientific reanalysis.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
-
Multilingualism from Manuscript to 3D : Intersections of Modalities from Medieval to Modern Times
- 2023
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This collection explores the links between multimodality and multilingualism, charting the interplay between languages, channels and forms of communication in multilingual written texts from historical manuscripts through to the new media of today and the non-verbal associations they evoke.The volume argues that features of written texts such as graphics, layout, boundary marking and typography are inseparable from verbal content. Taken together, the chapters adopt a systematic historical perspective to investigate this interplay over time and highlight the ways in which the two disciplines might further inform one another in the future as new technologies emerge. The first half of the volume considers texts where semiotic resources are the sites of modes, where multiple linguistic codes interact on the page and generate extralinguistic associations through visual features and spatial organizaisation. The second half of the book looks at texts where this interface occurs not in the text but rather in the cultural practices involved in social materiality and text transmission.Enhancing our understandings of multimodal resources in both historical and contemporary communication, this book will be of interest to scholars in multimodality, multilingualism, historical communication, discourse analysis and cultural studies.
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| 40. |
- Gros, Philippe
(author)
-
Identifying charged hadrons on the relativistic rise using the ALICE TPC at LHC
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The chain from hadron collisions to the physics results requires several important links. First the outcome of the collision is measured by the detectors. Then, the signal from the detector is processed and transformed into information relevant for the study of the physics processes. The data is made available to physicists to be analysed and used to improve theories. This thesis presents work done on no most of these steps for the ALICE experiment at LHC. First a study of the main processes in the TPC detector for ALICE was done using simulation and test beam data. The results are shown in paper I. The study was deepened with the analysis of test beam data from a TPC prototype for the ILC, as shown in paper III. Concurrently, a study on the Grid – computing framework for distributed computing and storage resources – was performed. This involved the development of an interface module between the ALICE software AliEn and the ARC software developped in the Nordic coun- tries. This work is presented in paper II. Finally, an analysis of the particle identification capabilities of the ALICE TPC was done. Paper IV shows the results obtain from proton collisions at 7 TeV. The analysis is completed here with preliminary results on heavy ion collisions.
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| 41. |
- Jensen, Kurt Villads, 1957-, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2018
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In: Fighting for the Faith. - Stockholm : Sällskapet Runica et mediævalia, Centre for Medieval Studies, Stockholm University. - 9789188568731 ; , s. 9-13
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 42. |
- Miranda, Jezid, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic profiling and targeted lipidomics reveals a disturbed lipid profile in mothers and fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fetal growth may be impaired by poor placental function or maternal conditions, each of which can influence the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the developing fetus. Large-scale studies of metabolites (metabolomics) are key to understand cellular metabolism and pathophysiology of human conditions. Herein, maternal and cord blood plasma samples were used for NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting and profiling, including analysis of the enrichment of circulating lipid classes and subclasses, as well as the number of sub-fraction particles and their size. Changes in phosphatidylcholines and glycoproteins were prominent in growth-restricted fetuses indicating significant alterations in their abundance and biophysical properties. Lipoprotein profiles showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol-intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), triglycerides-IDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mothers of growth-restricted fetuses compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, growth-restricted fetuses had significantly higher plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides transporting lipoproteins [LDL, IDL, and VLDL, (p < 0.005; all)], as well as increased VLDL particle types (large, medium and small). Significant changes in plasma concentrations of formate, histidine, isoleucine and citrate in growth-restricted fetuses were also observed. Comprehensive metabolic profiling reveals that both, mother and fetuses of pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction have a substantial disruption in lipid metabolism.
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| 43. |
-
Multimodal Argumentation and Rhetoric in Media Genres
- 2017
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This collection advances the study of context-dependent characteristics of argumentative discourse by examining a variety of media genres in which text and image (and other semiotic modes) combine to create meaning. The chapters have been written by an international group of senior and junior scholars researching multimodal argumentation in the last two decades. In each chapter, a specific approach to argumentation and rhetoric is combined with insights from visual studies, metaphor theory, scientific visualization, cognitive science, semiotics, conversation analysis, or (documentary) film theory in order to explain how multimodal genres function argumentatively and rhetorically. Together the chapters present a state-of-the-art in the analysis of multimodal argumentation in such diverse genres as print advertisements, news photographs, scientific illustrations, political cartoons, documentaries, film trailers, political TV advertisements, public debates, and political speeches. The volume will be of interest to advanced students and scholars in argumentation studies, rhetoric, and multimodal communication.
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| 44. |
- Rivas, Daniel Díaz, et al.
(author)
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Characterizing Ultrashort Laser Pulses With a Time-Dependent Polarization State Using the D-Scan Technique
- 2023
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In: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023. - 9798350345995
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main idea behind the presented work is to extend the dispersion scan (d-scan) technique to measuring the time-dependent polarization state of ultrashort laser pulses. For demonstration, a rapidly varying polarization state, i.e. a polarization gate, was created from ultrashort pulses with a duration of 6 fs using a combination of wave plates. The time-dependent variation of the polarization was measured and compared to simulations.
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| 45. |
- Villaverde, José Juan, et al.
(author)
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Mild peroxyformic acid fractionation of Miscanthus x giganteus bark. Behaviour and structural characterization of lignin
- 2012
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In: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 35:1, s. 261-268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Miscanthus x giganteus bark was subjected to mild fractionation with peroxyformic acid by a two stage process. A factorial experimental design was used to study and quantify the effect of the variables (formic acid concentration (80-90%), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.2-0.4%), temperature of the first stage (60-80 degrees C), and treatment time of the second stage (60-120 min)) on the main parameters of fractionation: pulp yield, remaining lignin and total polysaccharides in pulp. The dependence of lignin precipitation rate on hydrogen peroxide concentration in liquor was also studied. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations inferior to 0.5% seems to be suitable to recover high percentages of lignin. The isolated lignin was analysed by 2D-HSQC, (13)C- and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography and chemical analysis. The most important chemical modifications taken place in the lignin during the fractionation were identified: beta-O-4' cleavage and hydrolysis of LC-bond structures. The C9-formula was also determined: C(9)H(6.81)O(2.90)(OCH(3))(0.68)(COOH)(0.07)(OH(Ph))(0.38)(OH(Al))(0.33) .
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| 46. |
- Villaverde, Juan Jose, et al.
(author)
-
Native Lignin Structure of Miscanthus x giganteus and Its Changes during Acetic and Formic Acid Fractionation
- 2009
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 57:14, s. 6262-6270
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Milled wood lignin (MWL) and acetic and formic acid lignin (AL and FL) from Miscanthus x giganteus bark were produced, respectively, before and after organosolv fractionations under optimal conditions, in terms of organic and hydrochloric acid concentrations, liquid/wood ratio, and reaction time. In order to study the M. x giganteus native lignin structure and its modifications during the fractionation process, the lignins were studied by two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-(HSQC)), C-13- and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) both before and after thioacidolysis, and elemental analysis. In addition, chemical composition analysis was performed on ash, Klason lignin, and carbohydrate content. The analyses demonstrated that M. x giganteus native lignin (MWL) is highly acylated at the C-gamma of the lignin side chain (46%), possibly with p-coumarate and/or acetate groups. This is newsworthy since several earlier Studies showed that acylation at the gamma-carbon commonly occurs in C-3 and CAM grasses, whereas M. x giganteus is a C-4 grass. Furthermore, M. x giganteus showed a low S/G ratio (0.7) and a predominance of beta-O-4' linkages (up to 93% of all linkages). AL and FL lose part of these linkages during organosolv fractionation (up to 21 and 32%, respectively). The p-coumarate groups resist fractionation processes and are still present in high quantities in AL and FL. During the fractionation process, lignin is acetylated (acetic acid process) and condensed, with the G units condensing more than S units. M. x giganteus MWL contains a high content of carbohydrates (22.8%), suggesting that it is a lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). AL and FL showed low carbohydrate contents because of the breaking down of the LCC structures. AL and FL have high molecular weights and low polydispersities, and are high in phenolic content, qualities that make these suitable for different applications. These results suggest that refinement of M. x giganteus via organosolv processes could potentially turn this grass into a valuable source of both fiber and lignin.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Fosgerau, Mogens, et al.
(author)
-
Route choice modeling without route choice
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of the European Transport Conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Route choice modeling is complex. The number of alternative paths is often very large, while the paths are likely to share unobserved attributes which induces correlation. When modelling this, we face a trade-off between using models that are simple enough to handle many alternative paths while at the same time being able to handle correlation. There is a substantial ongoing research effort seeking to resolve this dilemma, so far with limited success. For these reasons the multinomial logit model (path size logit and c-logit proposed by Ben-Akiva and Bierliare, 1999, and Cascetta et. al., 1996, respectively) is widely used in spite of its known limitations.The main purpose of this paper is to present and test a dynamic discrete choice approach for the estimation of the parameters of a route choice model. In the dynamic modeling approach, the individual is seen as taking sequential decisions on which link to choose, and the choices are made at the nodes in the network. The obvious advantage with this approach is that the choice set at every stage is quite small and well defined, while a correlation structure is naturally imposed among different paths, even if each sequential decision follows a multinomial logit model. From an econometric point of view, the link choice model can be a lot simper to deal with.The utility maximising choice of path may be broken down into a sequence of link choices, where at each stage the individual considers the utility associated with downstream link choices accumulated into a value function. However, if we were to compute the value function associated with the available link choices at every stage, the complexity of the problem would be at least the same as the original path choice problem. An exact solution method to calculate the value function runs into the curse of dimensionality when solving a dynamic programming problem. Therefore, the computational burden may be prohibitive for large networks if one tries to solve the dynamic programming problem by brute force. This is probably why the sequential approach is not used for estimating route choice models in spite of having been around for many years (e.g., Dial, 1971).However, it is not strictly necessary to solve the dynamic programming problem in order to estimate the parameters of the route choice model consistently. It is sufficient to find a suitable approximation to the value function. So the objective of this paper is to test whether it is possible to generate good predictors for the value function such that the parameters of the route choice model may be estimated on link choices rather than path choices. If this turns out to be possible, then both the econometric and computational complexity of route choice modelling may be dramatically reduced.The paper therefore discusses the conditions under which the route choice model can be consistently estimated. We then test the approach using simulated data for a real network (Borlänge, Sweden), where route choice observations are generated using the exact model, i.e. solving the dynamic programming problem. This allows us to compare the exact value functions with the approximations. We show how the approximation can be defined using proxy variables such as direction and distance to destination. The paper concludes with a discussion on the use of the model for prediction (policy analysis) and related issues.
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| 49. |
- Jarstad, Anna K., 1966-
(author)
-
Costly democracy: peacebuilding and democratization after war, edited by Christoph Zürcher, Carrie Manning, Kristie Evenson, Rachel Hayman, Sarah Riese, and Nora Roehner
- 2014
-
In: Democratization. - Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge. - 1351-0347 .- 1743-890X. ; 21:7, s. 1351-1352
-
Review (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
- Lorentzen, Jenny
(author)
-
Women as ‘new security actors’ in preventing and countering violent extremism in Mali
- 2021
-
In: International Affairs. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0020-5850 .- 1468-2346. ; 97:3, s. 721-738
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The frames of counterterrorism and countering violent extremism are increasingly shaping much international engagement in Mali. In this environment, women's contributions are often reduced to their peacemaking potential. This article studies how the UN policy agendas on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) are translated in discourses on P/CVE in Mali. It draws on feminist and postcolonial scholarship to develop a framework for analysing how local intermediaries in norm translation engage in ‘discursive practices of re-presentation’ and conducts a discourse analysis of interviews with Malian civil society and government representatives. The analysis finds that a re-presentation of women as security actors, constructed as an extension of their roles as peacemakers, dominates the discourse. I use the term ‘new security actors’ to describe the dominant re-presentation of women that emerges in this context: a woman who will contribute to preventing radicalization and violent extremism by influencing, counselling, and/or informing on her family or community members. ‘New security actors’, however, emerges as a problematic re-presentation of women which emphasizes traditional gender roles and potentially exposes women to risks, and in many ways seem to contradict much of the normative aspirations of the WPS agenda.
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