| 1. |
- Linde, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Researchers and Open Data : Attitudes and Culture at Blekinge Institute of Technology
- 2015
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Ingår i: <em>New Avenues for Electronic Publishing in the Age of Infinite Collections and Citizen Science: Scale, Openness and Trust</em>. - : IOS Press. - 9781614995616
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During March 2015, the Blekinge Institute of Technology library carried out an interview survey comprising around 36 senior researchers and postdocs mainly in engineering sciences, with the objective to get a picture of how research data is managed at BTH and to find out what the researcher attitudes are to sharing data. The survey showed that most researchers in the study were positive to sharing research data but lacked any experience of making data management plans and had little or no knowledge of data preservation or of sharing open data. Uncertainties about data ownership are also an issue.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Communicative and pedagogical strategies in nurses' and surgeons' discharge consultations with patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 74:12, s. 2840-2850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe the structure, content, and the communicative and pedagogic strategies in discharge consultations between patients and professionals after colorectal cancer surgery. Background Both nurses and surgeons play an important role in preparing patients for discharge from hospital following surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). Design An explorative quantitative and qualitative research based on analysis of transcriptions of 13 audio-taped discharge consultations between patients and nurses and patients and surgeons conducted between January - March 2012. Methods In the quantitative analysis, the structure of each consultation was described in phases, subtopics, and main topics. The proportion of the main topics in relation to the whole conversation was counted in percentages. The text from the consultations was then analysed qualitatively with the support from Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. Results The language constituted the essence in the consultations regardless of other communicative and pedagogical strategies. The pedagogic strategies used were explanation model, information transfer, task orientation, and dialogue. Topics occurring in the consultations were Operation, Symptoms, Medication, Thromboprophylaxis, Recovery after surgery, Bowel function, Spreading, and Follow-up. The surgeons and nurses used similar topics, but the surgeons used more communicative and pedagogic strategies. Conclusion Language was fundamental for communication and independent of the communicative and pedagogical strategies. Using preparedness communication more consistent in discharge consultation can help patients to better understand the recovery process after CRC surgery and regain control over their life. It is important that the consultations build on the patient as an active and learning person.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of the preparedness for Colorectal Cancer Surgery Questionnaire: PCSQ-pre 24
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 25, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The aims of the study were to develop and psychometrically evaluate a patient-reported outcome instrument for the measurement of preoperative preparedness in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods This study was conducted in two stages: a) instrument development (item generation, construction of items and domains), empirical verification and b) instrument evaluation. A questionnaire with 28 items measuring preparedness for surgery was developed covering four domains and was tested for content validity with an expert panel and with patients. Psychometric testing of the questionnaire was conducted on 240 patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Results The scale content validity index of the preparedness items was 0.97. The final version consisted of 24 items measuring 4 subscales: Searching for and making use of information, Understanding and involvement in the care process, Making sense of the recovery process and Support and access to medical care. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good model fit with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.58 to 0.97. A well-fitting second-order factor model provided support for a total preparedness score with second-order factor loadings ranging from 0.75 to 0.93. The ordinal alpha values of the four latent factors ranged from 0.92 to 0.96, indicating good internal consistency. The polyserial correlations with the total score were 0.64 (p<0.01) for the overall preparedness question and 0.37 (p<0.01) for overall well-being. Conclusion The Swedish Preparedness for Colorectal Cancer Surgery Questionnaire for use in the preoperative phase demonstrated good psychometric properties based on a sound conceptualization of preparedness. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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| 5. |
- Ekerstad, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Frailty as an instrument for evaluation of elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A follow-up after more than 5 years
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 25:17, s. 1813-1821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is a growing body of evidence on the relevance of using frailty measures also in a cardiovascular context. The estimated time to death is crucial in clinical decision-making in cardiology. However, data on the importance of frailty in long-term mortality are very scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of frailty on mortality at long-term follow-up of more than 5 years in patients 75 years or older hospitalised for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We hypothesised that frailty is independently associated with long-term mortality. Design This was a prospective, observational study conducted at three centres. Methods and results Frailty was assessed according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging clinical frailty scale (CFS). Of 307 patients, 149 (48.5%) were considered frail according to the study instrument (degree 5-7 on the scale). The long-term all-cause mortality of more than 5 years (median 6.7 years) was significantly higher among frail patients (128, 85.9%) than non-frail patients (85, 53.8%), (P amp;lt; 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, frailty was independently associated with mortality from the index hospital admission to the end of follow-up (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.51-2.81; P amp;lt; 0.001) together with age (P amp;lt; 0.001), ejection fraction (P = 0.012) and Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.018). Conclusions In elderly non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, frailty was independently associated with all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up of more than 6 years. The combined use of frailty and comorbidity may be the ultimate risk prediction concept in the context of cardiovascular patients with complex needs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Elde Mølstad, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Framing of Curriculum Research : Experts or Algorithms?
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mapping research in relation to research interest is a common act of performing a research review. This kind of activity is an important part of being a researcher both to portray the competence of knowing a field and to frame specific research theoretically and analytically. The act of showing belongingness and relationship to different paradigms and thinkers (Kuhn, 1962) or various epistemic cultures (Knorr-Cetina, 1999) has over time been given different forms within the community of research. In relation to the act of framing research by different systematic research strategies we raise questions on: who inhabits and cultivates the field of curriculum research according to different strategies for scientific communication? Our theoretical framework is based on an argument that acknowledge the importance of investigating scientific reasoning (Hacking, 1992) and epistemic cultures (Knorr-Cetina, 1999) for understanding the intellectual organizing of knowledge, and by that exemplify how scientific ‘facts’ and ‘truths’ are constructed and legitimized, which is knowledge perceived as ‘common sense’ (cf. Gramsci 1992) within different scientific fields.We investigate four common systematic research strategies for performing research reviews, most used and reproduced within the community of researchers. We have first the handbooks where experts of a specific field are given the legitimacy to portray a specific field of research; second, the systematic search strategies performed with the help of various databases such as e.g. Web of Science, Scopus or ERIC; third, the investigating act of systematically browsing through research journals of special interest within a specific field, and fourth, the systematic research reviews performed by special institutes set up for performing these tasks, such as e.g. Danish Clearinghouse or EPPI centre, which in turn are used as a source by some researchers for illustrating the findings of more restricted and specific research questions.Focusing on four different forms of performing systematic research reviews we describe, analyze and compare the various forms with regards to:how knowledge of/in a research field is constructed,what kind of research that is selected and privileged In particular, we are interested in the potential movement of research reviews from an act of collective ‘intellectualizing’ among ‘experts’ to an act of ‘technologizing’ dependent on algorithms and terminology embedded in various databases, in which the amount of data is more important in ‘evidence-making’ than the perceived expertise of the source. To put it differently, the databases with their vast aggregation of data, organized by algorithms and terminology, are perceived as the authority and not the authors or the epistemic cultures in which the authors are embedded.We use the field of curriculum research to elaborate on the different forms of research reviews and their consequences for knowledge produced. Within the field of curriculum research, handbooks have had a dominant position in describing the field. Also, explicit research reviews within different journals have been important among researchers in the framing of the field of curriculum. However, in the contemporary, bibliometric analyses grounded in database searches and systematic research review performed by special institutes are more and more employed. MethodDependent on which strategies used by researchers for framing different research fields we especially hypothesize on the importance of epistemic cultures and how these epistemic cultures historically have transported research, and how this is transformed, or even disappeared, with the entrance of various databases. First, we chose the collaborative act of ‘experts’ producing handbooks as an example of ‘intellectualizing’ dependent on that some researchers are given, or have taken, the role of ‘experts’. Second, we perform bibliometric searches, for reason of illuminating variances, by using Web of Science and Scopus as examples of ‘technologizing’, where databases more than individual researchers or research groups have transformed into the epistemic culture per se. Third, we will systematically browsing through research journals within the curriculum research field using explicit research reviews, within different journals (e.g. Journal of Curriculum Studies, Curriculum Inquiry, Educational Reviewer). This has been an important practice among researchers within the field of curriculum and hence it is important to capture this approach for framing the field. Fourth, we will analyze some systematic research reviews from special institutes (e.g. Danish Clearinghouse or EPPI centre) addressing curriculum research questions This has to a growing extent become a regular way to produce research reviews. Consequently, we are in a position to elaborate on how the field of curriculum research is portrayed by using different strategies for framing a research. This is most important for understanding how the field of curriculum research today is reproduced in various research settings.Expected OutcomesThe preliminary results indicate that for example the use of handbooks portrays the curriculum field by mostly internationally well-recognized curriculum theory researchers, with resembling results for the use of review articles. The use of Web of Science and Scopus to map the curriculum field portrays both a broader and a narrower picture of the field, where more subject specific topics are included while some research is excluded as a consequence of the character of the corpus of journals and data in the databases. This leads to a picture of the curriculum field where actors are publishing on topics and journals more loosely connected to the core for what can be called curriculum research, this since subject specific topics are not in the same way highlighted in the handbooks. The findings of the reviews from the institutes are still to be elaborated. However, the findings so far indicate that there are important differences in the way a field is portrayed depending on which approach is applied. In sum, the results indicate that the approaches we apply shape how a field is portrayed, and by that also how a specific research field can be interpreted and understood. This is important knowledge and should have consequences for example in the way we guide PhD candidates for performing a systematic research review, as well as adding to researchers’ knowledge of the complexity and challenge of the task. It also indicates notions on how a research field is framed in the contemporary, is it made by ‘experts’ of the field or by algorithms and database specific terminology, which is situated outside well-recognized epistemic cultures? What are the consequences of this movement from defining frames of a research field among peers into a technologizing of this act?ReferencesGramsci, A. (1992) Prison Notebook. G. Lawrence & Wishart: London.Hacking, I. (1992). 'Style' of historians and philosophers. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 23(1), 1-20.Knorr Cetina, K. (1999) Epistemic Cultures: How the Science Make Knowledge. Harvard University Press.Kuhn, T (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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| 8. |
- Elfström Pettersson, Katarina, 1959-
(författare)
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Production and Products of Preschool Documentation : Entanglements of children, things, and templates
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the present study is to produce knowledge about how children, things, documents, computers, teachers, templates and other entities take part in and produce documentation in preschool systematic quality development work. The thesis asks questions about how and what is produced as quality in preschool documentation. Through a posthumanist agential realist approach, the study engages empirically in video recordings of preschool documentation practices from one Swedish preschool, and in documentation from four other Swedish preschools.The results, presented in four articles, show that documentation practice is complex and entangled with a variety of entities, human and non-human, and spaces and time. The study shows how children’s participation in production of documentation does not depend on which documentation method is used. In the study, objects such as computers, images and coloured labels, together with teachers’ attitudes and agendas, have an impact on the way that children are involved in producing documentation. The results also show that the products of documentation, intra-acting with a local template, with past and present preschool traditions and policies, produce rather than represent certain elements of quality such as teachers’ actions, children’s interests and thematic work. The thesis produces knowledge about how the focus of preschool documentation shifts away from individual children and towards teachers’ activities, and creates possibilities for what preschool practices and quality may become.
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| 9. |
- Engskog, Mikael K. R., et al.
(författare)
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β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) perturbs alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathways in human neuroblastoma cells as determined by metabolic profiling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 49:5, s. 905-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that induces long-term cognitive deficits, as well as an increased neurodegeneration and intracellular fibril formation in the hippocampus of adult rodents following short-time neonatal exposure and in vervet monkey brain following long-term exposure. It has also been proposed to be involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease in humans. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic effects not related to excitotoxicity or oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of BMAA (50, 250, 1000 µM) for 24 h on cells differentiated with retinoic acid were studied. Samples were analyzed using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy to detect altered intracellular polar metabolites. The analysis performed, followed by multivariate pattern recognition techniques, revealed significant perturbations in protein biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism pathways and citrate cycle. Of specific interest were the BMAA-induced alterations in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and as well as alterations in various neurotransmitters/neuromodulators such as GABA and taurine. The results indicate that BMAA can interfere with metabolic pathways involved in neurotransmission in human neuroblastoma cells.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Forsberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Commodification of Present Swedish Processes : Linking Educational Experiences Over Time and Space
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives or purpose. In Sweden and other Nordic countries the formation of educational systems has primarily been an issue for the national state in a rather homogenous society. Today, governance of education is embedded in global movements and a multicultural society influencing the role and function of the state. We will use two empirical cases, based in three recently completed research projects, to illuminate how curriculum and leadership research have worked in tandem to explain and develop both policy and practice. The cases focus on the assessment culture of the Swedish schools and implications of changes in governance for local educational leadership.Perspectives or theoretical framework. In the Swedish curriculum theory tradition, the curriculum has been analyzed as a pedagogical, a political, a practical and research problem. In order to analyze data and develop curriculum and leadership research the central concept of curriculum code (Lundgren 1977) is further elaborated. We pay attention to different levels, actors and contexts in an era dominated by governance, new public management, accountability and international comparative tests. With mass education from preschool to higher education, marketization and an increasing number of stakeholders the complexity of education governance has also increased and curriculum processes have taken new forms. Lundgren elaborated the concepts of steering group, codes and contexts. Codes relate to the purpose, content and method of a curriculum. He raised questions on how the frames were constituted, and identified historically developed curriculum codes manifested in the selection and organization of school knowledge (e.g. Lundgren, 1977). Shifts in codes were related to changed relations between production and reproduction (Lundgren, 1983); neither the purposes of education nor the subject content were taken for granted.Methods. In a recent empirical study, we used questionnaires, interviews and policy texts with analyses grounded in both curriculum theory and leadership research. The empirical base is Sweden from the late 1980s up until today, a highly reform intense period. Findings are presented, focusing especially on governance, leadership and assessment cultures. We include comparative studies and studies covering all 290 Swedish municipalities using both surveys and case studies.Results and/or substantiated conclusions. By using empirical findings from projects relating curriculum activities taking place on different levels with a focus on interlinked curriculum processes, we discuss these processes and further develop contemporary curriculum theory. We address conceptual issues on curriculum making including educational leadership as practice and actors. By linking research on curriculum theory with leadership studies, it is possible to attend to these problems simultaneously.Scientific or scholarly significance. In conclusion, this paper is scanning new horizons for how to develop curriculum theory further as a relational practice appearing in various contexts. Specifically, we posit a new code to explain the contemporary situation for curriculum-leadership.
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| 15. |
- Forsberg, Eva, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Curriculum Code, Arena, and Context : Curriculum and Leadership Research in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Leadership and Policy in Schools. - : Routledge. - 1570-0763 .- 1744-5043. ; 16:2, s. 357-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the development of the Swedish curriculum-theory tradition with a focus on different curriculum practices, educational message systems, arenas, and curriculum makers. Attention has been paid to different places, spaces, and times in relation to the selection, ordering, and manifestation of knowledge, norms, and values, as well as the management and organization of education. Curriculum and leadership research and changes in Swedish education are described and we introduce the comparative curriculum code as a codification of the contemporary changes in the education system and their consequences for the selection and ordering of knowledge and students.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Friberg, Febe, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of dynamics in a complex person-centred intervention process based on health professionals' perspectives
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The assessment and evaluation of practical and sustainable development of health care has become a major focus of investigation in health services research. A key challenge for researchers as well as decision-makers in health care is to understand mechanisms influencing how complex interventions work and become embedded in practice, which is significant for both evaluation and later implementation. In this study, we explored nurses' and surgeons' perspectives on performing and participating in a complex multi-centre person-centred intervention process that aimed to support patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer to feel prepared for surgery, discharge and recovery. Method: Data consisted of retrospective interviews with 20 professionals after the intervention, supplemented with prospective conversational data and field notes from workshops and follow-up meetings (n = 51). The data were analysed to construct patterns in line with interpretive description. Results: Although the participants highly valued components of the intervention, the results reveal influencing mechanisms underlying the functioning of the intervention, including multiple objectives, unclear mandates and competing professional logics. The results also reveal variations in processing the intervention focused on differences in using and talking about intervention components. Conclusions: The study indicates there are significant areas of ambiguity in understanding how theory-based complex clinical interventions work and in how interventions are socially constructed and co-created by professionals' experiences, assumptions about own professional practice, contextual conditions and the researchers' intentions. This process evaluation reveals insights into reasons for success or failure and contextual aspects associated with variations in outcomes. Thus, there is a need for further interpretive inquiry, and not only descriptive studies, of the multifaceted characters of complex clinical interventions and how the intervention components are actually shaped in constantly shifting contexts.
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| 18. |
- Gallstedt, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS. - 1940-087X. ; :119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crambe abyssinica is a plant with potential for use in industrial (non-food) plant oil production. The side stream from this oil production is a high-protein crambe meal that has limited value, as it is not fit for food or feed use. However, it contains proteins that could potentially make it a suitable raw material for higher-value products. The purpose of this study was to find methods of making this side stream into extruded films, showing that products with a higher value can be produced. The study mainly considered the development of material compositions and methods of preparing and extruding the material. Wheat gluten was added as a supportive protein matrix material, together with glycerol as a plasticizer and urea as a denaturant. The extrudate was evaluated with respect to mechanical (tensile testing) and oxygen barrier properties, and the extrudate structure was revealed visually and by scanning electron microscopy. A denser, more homogeneous material had a lower oxygen transmission rate, higher strength, and higher extensibility. The most homogeneous films were made at an extruder die temperature of 125-130 degrees C. It is shown here that a film can be extruded with promising mechanical and oxygen barrier properties, the latter especially after a final compression molding step.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Jansson, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted (re)-socialization in universities and prisons : a policy study concerning tutor and tutee
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstract book NERA 2015. ; , s. 1-1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper present a sub-study included in a curriculum theory project on targeted socialization within two institutions of major importance for the Nordic welfare states enculturation, universities and prisons. We compare the relationship between supervisor/doctoral student and correctional contact persons/inmates. There are some apparent differences between these two contexts. Universities are mostly discussed in terms of socialization and learning, prisons more often as institutions where inmates are in need of re-socialization whether they approve or not. Students enter doctoral education as a result of a qualified meritocratic selection process, and success will produce holders of the highest exam possible. Inmates qualify for prison by being convicted for a crime in a court of law, and are deprived of their liberty as they are incarcerated. In addition, prison has a mixed purpose of being about retribution and deterrence, as well as rehabilitation. In this substudy we compare aspects of targeted (re)-socialization processes, from a curriculum theory perspective, regarding the two relationships mentioned above. In other words, the tutoring relationship between tutors and tutees in the contexts of doctoral education and inmate rehabilitation. We pay special attention to the transactions of knowledge, norms, values and identities offered in both cases. The empirical material consists of policy-texts on a national (laws for prisons/ probation, higher education and policy-texts concerning the correctional contact persons)-and a local level (enforcement plans, individual study planes and policy-texts concerning PhD supervision). Preliminary results of this sub-study is that the targeted (re)-socialization process of these two activities have both similarities and difference. This opens up for further research questions on how similarities are played out through the differences between the two institutions in objectives and contents (curriculum), educational forms (pedagogy) and assessment activities (evaluation).
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Karefylakis, Christos, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D C3 epimer in a mid-Swedish region : Analytical measurement and epidemiology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 478, s. 182-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The discovery of an epimeric form of 25(OH)D3 may complicate the interpretation of vitamin Dstatus. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of 25-hydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 (3- epi-25(OH)D3) in a mid-Swedish region and to investigate how the measurement of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 would affect the assessment of vitamin D status using current thresholds.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8286 in- and outpatients in primary as well as secondary care settings. Plasma 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were measured using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC – MS/MS). The relative 3-epi-25(OH)D3 contribution was calculated as a percentage of the total 25(OH)D3. Blood samples were collected between March 2014 and July 2015 providing a seasonal aspect to the results.Results: 3-epi-25(OH)D3was detected in 635 cases (7.7% of all subjects), and the mean concentration was8.4 ± 3.5 nmol/L. 3-epi-25(OH)D3correlated significantly with 25(OH)D3(r =0.38, p < 0.001).A multivariateanalysis among the detected showed that male gender and winter season were independently associatedwith higher 3-epi-25(OH)D3/25(OH)D3percentage ratio (R2=0.044). Infants and children had a significantlyhigher detection rate compared to the reference age category (18–45 years) as well as those who were testedduring the summer season.Conclusions: We report findings from the first epidemiologic study of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 conducted in Sweden, based on a large population sample. 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was detected in 7.7% of the study population and the mean concentration was 8.4 nmol/L. The quantification of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 would not significantly influence the clinical interpretation of vitamin D levels. Additional studies are needed to understand the metabolic pathway and the possible physiological functions of this metabolite.
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| 27. |
- Kenne Sarenmalm, Elisabeth, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Version of the Distress Thermometer: Validity Evidence in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN. - : Harborside Press, LLC. - 1540-1413 .- 1540-1405. ; 16:8, s. 959-966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to validate the NCCN Distress Thermometer (DT), including the accompanying Problem List (PL), in a Swedish population of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A total of 488 patients diagnosed with CRC completed the DT/PL and EORTC core quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-C30) before surgery. Construct validity of the PL was analyzed using a confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability (ICR) was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Correlations between the reported PL areas and QLQ-C30 function scales were used to explore convergent validity. Discriminant validity was examined by evaluating associations between the DT and QLQ-C30 measures of overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Findings showed that the Swedish translation of the DT/PL is consistent with the original English version. The DT has good ICR, with the total number of reported problems significantly correlating with DT scores (r=0.67; P<.001). Analysis of convergent validity indicated that the PL areas significantly correlated with QLQ-C30 function scales, with emotional problems showing the highest correlation (r=0.76; P<.001), and item-level correlation analyses showed significant correlations between symptoms. There was also good discriminant validity between the DT and the QLQ-C30 in terms of HRQoL, including overall health status (r=-0.49; P<.001) and overall quality of life (r=-0.57; P<.001). Furthermore, there was good discriminant validity between the DT and QLQ-C30 regarding poor, moderate, and excellent HRQoL. Conclusions: These findings provide validity evidence regarding the DT, including the PL. Findings also show that the DT has good potential for screening distress-related practical, family, emotional, and physical problems during the cancer trajectory in Swedish-speaking patients. Additionally, the DT seems to be an effective screening tool to detect patients with poor, moderate, and excellent HRQoL.
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| 28. |
- Kong, Xiangrui, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Water Transport through Organic Layers on Ice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 122:21, s. 4861-4868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes involving atmospheric aerosol and cloud particles are affected by condensation of organic compounds that are omnipresent in the atmosphere. On ice particles, organic compounds with hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen-bonds with the ice and orient their hydrophobic groups away from the surface. The organic layer has been expected to constitute a barrier to gas uptake, but recent experimental studies suggest that the accommodation of water molecules on ice is only weakly affected by condensed short-chain alcohol layers. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the water interactions with n-butanol covered ice at 200 K, and show that the small effect of the condensed layer is due to efficient diffusion of water molecules along the surface plane while seeking appropriate sites to penetrate, followed by penetration driven by the combined attractive forces from butanol OH groups and water molecules within the ice. The water molecules that penetrate through the n-butanol layer become strongly bonded by approximately three hydrogen bonds at the butanol-ice interface. The obtained accommodation coefficient (0.81 ± 0.03) is in excellent agreement with results from previous environmental molecular beam experiments, leading to a picture where an adsorbed n-butanol layer does not alter the apparent accommodation coefficient, but dramatically changes the detailed molecular dynamics and kinetics.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lindell Jonsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Radiation Response in Two Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines Through Metabolic Profiling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy, with or without surgery, represents the major approach to curative treatment. However, not all tumors are equally sensitive to irradiation. It is therefore of interest to apply newer system biology approaches (e.g., metabolic profiling) in squamous cancer cells with different radiosensitivities in order to provide new insights on the mechanisms of radiation response. In this study, two cultured HNSCC cell lines from the same donor, UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-74B, were first genotyped using Short Tandem Repeat (STR), and assessed for radiation response by the means of clonogenic survival and growth inhibition assays. Thereafter, cells were cultured, irradiated and collected for subsequent metabolic profiling analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). STR verified the similarity of UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-74B cells, and three independent assays proved UM-SCC-74B to be clearly more radioresistant than UM-SCC-74A. The LC-MS metabolic profiling demonstrated significant differences in the intracellular metabolome of the two cell lines before irradiation, as well as significant alterations after irradiation. The most important differences between the two cell lines before irradiation were connected to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism and purine metabolism. In the more radiosensitive UM-SCC-74A cells, the most significant alterations after irradiation were linked to tryptophan metabolism. In the more radioresistant UM-SCC-74B cells, the major alterations after irradiation were connected to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism, the methionine cycle as well as the serine, and glycine metabolism. The data suggest that the more radioresistant cell line UM-SCC-74B altered the metabolism to control redox-status, manage DNA-repair, and change DNA methylation after irradiation. This provides new insights on the mechanisms of radiation response, which may aid future identification of biomarkers associated with radioresistance of cancer cells.
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| 31. |
- Megyesi, Beáta, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The DECODE Database: Collection of Historical Ciphers and Keys
- 2019
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Historical Cryptology</em>. - Linköping. - 9789176850879 ; , s. 69-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an on-line database DECODE consisting of encrypted historical manuscripts, aiming at the systematic collection of ciphers and keys to create infrastructural support for historical research in general, and historical cryptology in particular. The collected material is annotated with a metadata scheme developed specifically for historical ciphers. Information includes provenance and location of the manuscript, computer-readable transcription, possible decryption(s) of the ciphertext and translation(s) of the plaintext, images, and any additional materials of relevance to the particular manuscript. The database allows search in the existing collection and upload of new encrypted sources by users.
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| 32. |
- Molstad, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Legitimization of knowledge : policy versus research by PISA and TIMSS
- 2016
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Ingår i: NERA 2016, Social Justice, Equality and Solidarity in Education. ; , s. 148-149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In society, different testsof educational performance have been given importance in policy initiatives, curriculum change, as well as in media. Throughout the last 15 years, the educational assessment programs PISA and TIMSS have been reference points for general economic and social policies and influential for national educational policy (Pettersson 2014). Research using PISA-and TIMSS-data and results are recurrently referred to in media debates (Forsberg & Román 2014) and in arguments for policy reforms and curriculum development. Given the importance of this discourse as a social practice it is crucial to take into account how International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA) research is institutionalized.The main objective of this study is to enlarge our understanding about key actors and the legitimation and dissemination of different kinds of knowledge within the ILSA-research field. We analyse research articles reporting and discussing PISA and TIMSS data, respectively. Our corpus consists of articles published in international peer-reviewed journals and represents a selection of “high-impact” articles present in Web of Sciences. We focus on the disciplinary belonging of the journals and the affiliation of the authors of the articles as well as the publications referred in the articles. In addition, we pay attention to other articles referencing the PISA and TIMSS articles in our corpus.Our specific research questions are: what is the difference between actors and knowledge legitimized by the selected PISA and TIMSS articles? This is investigated by exploring which authors, fields and countries that are connected to the corpus through the method of scientometrics, which has demonstrated a potential in using research-databases for studying patterns of research activity.Our findings illuminate that there is a substantial difference in actors defining the discourse within PISA and TIMSS. TIMSS research is more internationally spread. In PISA research there was a large bias towards English speaking westernized nations in dissemination. For TIMSS research, USA and Germany are the most evident countries for author affiliation, and Egypt is the third most common country, followed by countries like People’s Republic of China and Turkey. Additionally within PISA research it was possible to observe two substantial key nodes of research environments. Notes of research are also evident in TIMSS research, but in comparison to PISA they are not that dominant. This also holds true concerning journals for publishing -TIMSS articles are more spreadin terms of different journals. Finally, connected to the PISA articles there is a connection between the research fields of education and psychology in framing the context of the phenomenon in focus as a new mode of global educational governance as well as reformulation of the relationship between curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation. This is not identified in the TIMSS articles, where education research is dominant. Based on our findings the PISA research field seems more aligned with an external political discourse while the TIMSS research field appears to be constituted primarily by an internal research discourse.
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| 33. |
- Mousavi Nik, Samira, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between Al grain size, grain boundary grooves and local variations in oxide barrier thickness of Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions by transmission electron microscopy
- 2016
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Ingår i: SpringerPlus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 5:1, s. 1067-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thickness variation of only one Ångström makes a significant difference in the current through a tunnel junction due to the exponential thickness dependence of the current. It is thus important to achieve a uniform thickness along the barrier to enhance, for example, the sensitivity and speed of single electron transistors based on the tunnel junctions. Here, we have observed that grooves at Al grain boundaries are associated with a local increase of tunnel barrier thickness. The uniformity of the barrier thickness along the tunnel junction thus increases with increasing Al grain size. We have studied the effect of oxidation time, partial oxygen pressure and also temperature during film growth on the grain size. The implications are that the uniformity improves with higher temperature during film growth.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Mølstad, Christina E., et al.
(författare)
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A game of thrones : Organising and legitimising knowledge through PISA research
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Educational Research Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1474-9041. ; 16:6, s. 869-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates knowledge structures and scientific communication using bibliometric methods to explore scientific knowledge production and dissemination. The aim is to develop knowledge about this growing field by investigating studies using international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data, with a specific focus on those using Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. As international organisations use ILSA to measure, assess and compare the success of national education systems, it is important to study this specific knowledge to understand how it is organised and legitimised within research. The findings show an interchange of legitimisation, where major actors from the USA and other English-speaking and westernised countries determine the academic discourse. Important epistemic cultures for PISA research are identified: the most important of which are situated within psychology and education. These two research environments are epicentres created by patterns of the referrals to and referencing of articles framing the formulation of PISA knowledge. Finally, it is argued that this particular PISA research is self-referential and self-authorising, which raises questions about whether research accountability leads to 'a game of thrones', where rivalry going on within the scientific field concerning how and on what grounds 'facts' and 'truths' are constructed, as a continuing process with no obvious winner.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Pettersson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of using powered wheelchair or powered scooter and accessibility in housings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Assistive Technology. - : IOS Press. ; 217, s. 1017-1023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe powered wheelchair (PW) and powered scooter (PS) users' experiences of accessibility and housing adaptions in their homes.METHOD: A qualitative research approach with focus group methodology was used. Four focus groups were created, with men and women as well as PW and PS users in different groups. Applying a descriptive approach, data were analysed according to the principles described by Krueger and Casey.FINDINGS: With a specific focus on how PW and PS and housing adaptations operate together, the findings of this paper formed two categories: "Possibility of receiving housing adaptations according to individual needs" and "Importance of receiving the correct type of PW and PS in relation to individual needs".CONCLUSION: It is vital to acknowledge the characteristics and requirements of PW and PS as well as housing adaptations in order to optimize the use of such devices in the home, as a prerequisite for independence, activity and participation. The provision of PW and PS and housing adaptations should be considered and planned simultaneously, applying an explicitly user-centred perspective. Additionally, the collaboration between the different actors involved should be improved.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Pettersson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Experts or Algorithms in the Framing of Curriculum Research
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mapping research in relation to research interest is a common act of performing a research review. This kind of activity is an important part of being a researcher. The act of showing belongingness and relationship to different paradigms and thinkers (Kuhn, 1962) or various epistemic cultures (KnorrVCetina, 1991) has over time been given different forms within the community of research. In relation to the act of framing research by different strategies we raise questions on: who inhabits and cultivates the field of curriculum research according to different strategies for framing?In particular, we are interested in the potential movement of research reviews from an act of collective ‘intellectualizing’ among ‘experts’ to an act of ‘technologizing’ dependent on algorithms and terminology embedded in various databases, in which the amount of data is more important in ‘evidenceVmaking’ than the perceived expertise of the source. To put it differently, the databases with their vast aggregation of data, organized by algorithms and terminology, are perceived as the authority and not the authors or the epistemic cultures in which the authors are embedded. Focusing on three different forms of research reviews we describe, analyze and compare various forms of reviews with regards to:how knowledge of a research field is constructed,what kind of research that is selected and privileged,the production of different pictures of a research field.In our study we use the field of curriculum research to elaborate on the different forms of research reviews and their consequences for knowledge produced. Within the field of curriculum research, handbooks have had a dominant position in describing the field. Also, explicit research reviews within different journals have been important among researchers in the framing of the field of curriculum. However, in the contemporary, bibliometric analyses grounded in database searches are more and more employed.Dependent on which strategies used by researchers for framing different research fields we especially hypothesize on the importance of epistemic cultures and how these epistemic cultures historically have transported research, and how this is transformed, or even disappeared, with the entrance of various databases. We chose the collaborative act of ‘experts’ producing handbooks and research reviews within field specific journals as two modern examples of ‘intellectualizing’ dependent on that some researchers are given, or have taken, the role of ‘experts’. In contrast, we perform bibliometric searches, for reason of illuminating variances, by using Web of Science and Scopus as examples of ‘technologizing’, where databases more than individual researchers or research groups have transformed into the epistemic culture per se. We are as such in a position to elaborate on how the field of curriculum research is portrayed by using different strategies for framing a specific research field. This is most important for understanding how the field of curriculum theory today is reproduced in various research settings.
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| 42. |
- Pettersson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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From role models to nations in need of advice : Norway and Sweden under the OECDs magnifying glass
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of education policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-0939 .- 1464-5106. ; 32:6, s. 721-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By analysing five separate OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment practices with Norway and Sweden as cases, our study illustrates different ways in which a specific international educational reasoning is blended into more context-based national education policies and, as such, works in parallel with internal reforms and agendas. It is evident that an overarching narrative promotes the importance of coherent and integrated systems of evaluation and assessment in order to strengthen social and political endeavours for equity, quality and achievements. The parallel mix of OECD discourses and national discourses creates a combined narrative in which evaluations and assessments appear natural, self-evident and rational as well as highly adaptable to national settings. The study shows that national vertical and/or horizontal developments are intertwined with the OECD policy recommendations, which are quite general in character. In a continuing process of uploading and downloading, within different contexts, policies are elaborated and recontextualised. Evaluations and assessments are part of a contemporary rational paradigm for mapping and promoting performance in national educational systems – what we identify as a comparative curriculum code.
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| 43. |
- Pettersson, Daniel, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy. - : CoAction Publishing. - 2002-0317. ; 1, s. 27012-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Pettersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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HistSearch : Implementation and Evaluation of aWeb-based Tool for Automatic Information Extraction from Historical Text
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd HistoInformaticsWorkshop, Krakow, Poland, 11 July 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to a lack of NLP tools adapted to the task of analysing historical text, historiansand other researchers in humanities often need to manually search through largevolumes of text in order to find certain pieces of information of interest to theirresearch. In this paper, we present a web-based tool for automatic informationextraction from historical text, with the aim of facilitating this time-consuming process.We describe 1) the underlying architecture of the system, based on spellingnormalisation succeeded by tagging and parsing using tools available for the modernlanguage, 2) a prototypical graphical user interface used by the historians, and 3) athorough manual evaluation of the tool performed by the actual users, i.e. the historians,when applied to the specific task of extracting and presenting verb phrases describingwork in Early Modern Swedish text. The main contribution is the manual evaluation,which takes both quantitative and qualitative aspects into account, and is compared toautomatic evaluation results. We show that spelling normalisation is successful for thetask of tagging and lemmatisation, meaning that the words analysed as verbs by the toolare mostly considered as verbs by the historians as well. We also point out the furtherwork needed for improving parsing and ranking performance, in order to make the toolreally useful in the extraction process.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Pettersson, Eva, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Matching Keys and Encrypted Manuscripts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa '19). - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789179299958
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical cryptology is the study of historical encrypted messages aiming at their decryption by analyzing the mathematical, linguistic and other coding patterns and their historical context. In libraries and archives we can find quite a lot of ciphers, as well as keys describing the method used to transform the plaintext message into a ciphertext. In this paper, we present work on automatically mapping keys to ciphers to reconstruct the original plaintext message, and use language models generated from historical texts to guess the underlying plaintext language.
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| 47. |
- Pettersson, Eva, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking Relevant Verb Phrases Extracted from Historical Text
- 2015
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 9th SIGHUM Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities</em>.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present three approaches to automatic ranking of relevant verb phrases extracted from historical text. These approaches are based on conditional probability, log likelihood ratio, and bagof-words classification respectively. The aim of the ranking in our study is to present verb phrases that have a high probability of describing work at the top of the results list, but the methods are likely to be applicable to other information needs as well. The results are evaluated by use of three different evaluation metrics: precision at k, R-precision, and average precision. In the best setting, 91 out of the top-100 instances in the list are true positives.
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| 48. |
- Pettersson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Rotavirus and Cystoisospora suis in piglets during the suckling and early post weaning period, in systems with solid floors and age segregated rearing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Porcine Health Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5660. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Piglet diarrhoea is considered a worldwide problem resulting in animal welfare problems and financial losses for pig farmers. Porcine rotavirus and the coccidian parasite Cystoisospora suis (C. suis) are considered two important pathogens associated with diarrhoea in piglets during the suckling and early post weaning periods. To obtain an overview on the prevalence of porcine rotavirus and C. suis in piglet producing herds with solid floors and age segregated rearing, faecal sampling of 791 litters in 81 farms was performed.Results: For porcine rotavirus, faecal samples were analysed using a sandwich ELISA. The overall prevalence of rotavirus in the examined herds was 11.4 +/- 17.7% at 2 weeks, 56.8 +/- 30.7% at 4 weeks and 71.1 +/- 29.1% at 6 weeks of age and the accumulated prevalence was 49, 97 and 100%. To detect C. suis, faecal samples were analysed using sedimentation. The overall prevalence of C. suis in the examined herds was 11.9 +/- 15.1% at 2 weeks of age, 10.7 +/- 16.7% at 4 weeks and 8.7 +/- 15.3% at 6 weeks of age and the accumulated prevalence was 56, 76 and 85%. The number of empty days between farrowing batches did influence the shedding of rotavirus at 2 weeks of age but not later. Regarding C. suis, no difference in prevalence was correlated to the number of days between consecutive farrowing batches.Conclusions: Our study confirmed that rotavirus should be regarded as an ubiquitous virus that can be expected to be present in almost every pig herd in Sweden. The study also demonstrated that the number of infected litters increased from birth to 6 weeks of age. Secondly, it showed that C. suis frequently occurred in pig herds and that the number of infected litters was rather stable from two to 6 weeks of age. Consequently, both rotavirus and C. suis may play a role in intestinal disturbances in piglets during the suckling and post weaning periods despite age segregated rearing, at least in systems with solid floors. However, as this study was carried out in herds without reported problems with diarrhoea or poor weight gain, the role of these pathogens should not be overestimated.
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| 49. |
- Pettersson, Eva, 1978-
(författare)
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Spelling Normalisation and Linguistic Analysis of Historical Text for Information Extraction
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historical text constitutes a rich source of information for historians and other researchers in humanities. Many texts are however not available in an electronic format, and even if they are, there is a lack of NLP tools designed to handle historical text. In my thesis, I aim to provide a generic workflow for automatic linguistic analysis and information extraction from historical text, with spelling normalisation as a core component in the pipeline. In the spelling normalisation step, the historical input text is automatically normalised to a more modern spelling, enabling the use of existing taggers and parsers trained on modern language data in the succeeding linguistic analysis step. In the final information extraction step, certain linguistic structures are identified based on the annotation labels given by the NLP tools, and ranked in accordance with the specific information need expressed by the user.An important consideration in my implementation is that the pipeline should be applicable to different languages, time periods, genres, and information needs by simply substituting the language resources used in each module. Furthermore, the reuse of existing NLP tools developed for the modern language is crucial, considering the lack of linguistically annotated historical data combined with the high variability in historical text, making it hard to train NLP tools specifically aimed at analysing historical text.In my evaluation, I show that spelling normalisation can be a very useful technique for easy access to historical information content, even in cases where there is little (or no) annotated historical training data available. For the specific information extraction task of automatically identifying verb phrases describing work in Early Modern Swedish text, 91 out of the 100 top-ranked instances are true positives in the best setting.
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| 50. |
- Pettersson, Eva, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The HistCorp Collection of Historical Corpora and Resources
- 2018
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Ingår i: DHN 2018. - Helsinki : University of Helsinki. ; , s. 306-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the HistCorp collection, a freely available open platform aiming at the distribution of a wide range of historical corpora and other useful resources and tools for researchers and scholars interested in the study of historical texts. The platform contains a monitoring corpus of historical texts from various time periods and genres for 14 European languages. The collection is taken from well-documented historical corpora, and distributed in a uniform, standardised format. The texts are downloadable as plaintext, and in a tokenised format. Furthermore, a subset of the corpus contains information on the modern spelling variant, and some of the texts are also annotated with part-of-speech and syntactic structure. In addition, preconfigured n-gram language models and spelling normalisation tools are provided to allow the study of historical languages.
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