| 1. |
- Karefylakis, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight men : a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Humana Press. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 61:3, s. 388-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Several observational studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and non-skeletal major health issues including impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity. Only a few studies have examined the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these conditions and the results are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency.Methods: This study was a prospective, placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized trial with a study period of 6 months. Forty overweight/obese men (BMI > 25 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 55 nmol/L) were randomized to receive either 2000 IU Cholecalciferol drops or the equivalent amount of drops of placebo. At baseline and follow up body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured and blood samples were obtained. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and cardiorespiratory fitness using cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The primary outcomes were changes in percentage body fat and in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results: No statistically significant difference between the placebo and the intervention group regarding changes in percentage body fat (p = 0.54) and VO2max (p = 0.90) was observed. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups concerning changes in BMI (p = 0.26), maximum load (p = 0.89) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) (p = 0.14).Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with 2000 IU/d vitamin D for 6 months does not impact body composition or maximum oxygen uptake in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Senn, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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NANOCI-Nanotechnology Based Cochlear Implant With Gapless Interface to Auditory Neurons
- 2017
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 38:8, s. E224-E231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cochlear implants (CI) restore functional hearing in the majority of deaf patients. Despite the tremendous success of these devices, some limitations remain. The bottleneck for optimal electrical stimulation with CI is caused by the anatomical gap between the electrode array and the auditory neurons in the inner ear. As a consequence, current devices are limited through 1) low frequency resolution, hence suboptimal sound quality and 2), large stimulation currents, hence high energy consumption (responsible for significant battery costs and for impeding the development of fully implantable systems). A recently completed, multinational and interdisciplinary project called NANOCI aimed at overcoming current limitations by creating a gapless interface between auditory nerve fibers and the cochlear implant electrode array. This ambitious goal was achieved in vivo by neurotrophin-induced attraction of neurites through an intra-cochlear gel-nanomatrix onto a modified nanoCI electrode array located in the scala tympani of deafened guinea pigs. Functionally, the gapless interface led to lower stimulation thresholds and a larger dynamic range in vivo, and to reduced stimulation energy requirement (up to fivefold) in an in vitro model using auditory neurons cultured on multi-electrode arrays. In conclusion, the NANOCI project yielded proof of concept that a gapless interface between auditory neurons and cochlear implant electrode arrays is feasible. These findings may be of relevance for the development of future CI systems with better sound quality and performance and lower energy consumption. The present overview/review paper summarizes the NANOCI project history and highlights achievements of the individual work packages.
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| 4. |
- Azour, Farivar, et al.
(författare)
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Invasion rate and population characteristics of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus: effects of density and invasion history
- 2015
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Ingår i: Aquatic Biology. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 1864-7782 .- 1864-7790. ; 24:1, s. 41-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Round goby Neogobius melanostomus is currently one of the most wide-ranging invasive fish species in Europe and North America. The present study demonstrates how the distribution of round goby has expanded from 2008 to 2013 at a rate of about 30 km yr(-1) along the Danish coastline in the western Baltic Sea. Further analyses showed that fish from an established high-density round goby population were slow-growing and displayed poorer condition (weight at age and hepatosomatic index) compared to fish sampled from recently invaded locations (i.e. at the forefront of the distribution range). The established population revealed a broad age distribution and a 1:1 gender ratio, while fish from a recently invaded site were primarily of intermediate ages with a male-biased gender ratio. Otolith analyses suggested that the oldest individuals from the recently invaded area experienced superior growth conditions only in the most recent years, suggesting immigration into the area as adults. Our results suggest that intraspecific competition for food may cause continued dispersal of the species and that population demographics likely relate to invasion history.
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| 5. |
- Hayashi, Hisamitsu, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular organization and fine structure of the human tectorial membrane : is it replenished?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 362:3, s. 513-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auditory sensitivity and frequency resolution depend on the physical properties of the basilar membrane in combination with outer hair cell-based amplification in the cochlea. The physiological role of the tectorial membrane (TM) in hair cell transduction has been controversial for decades. New insights into the TM structure and function have been gained from studies of targeted gene disruption. Several missense mutations in genes regulating the human TM structure have been described with phenotypic expressions. Here, we portray the remarkable gradient structure and molecular organization of the human TM. Ultrastructural analysis and confocal immunohistochemistry were performed in freshly fixed human cochleae obtained during surgery. Based on these findings and recent literature, we discuss the role of human TMs in hair cell activation. Moreover, the outcome proposes that the α-tectorin-positive amorphous layer of the human TM is replenished and partly undergoes regeneration during life.
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| 6. |
- Kiotsekoglou, Anatoli, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of myocardial function in Marfan syndrome-An update
- 2017
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Ingår i: Echocardiography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 34:5, s. 760-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular assessment of patients with Marfan syndrome has normally focused on the aortic root and vascular manifestations of the disease due to the high risk of aortic dissection. Although primary myocardial impairment has long been suspected in these patients, the evidence has been controversial. Advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging have proven to be effective, accurate, and more sensitive in the detection of subtle cardiac dysfunction. The application of these techniques to Marfan syndrome over the last 10 years has made significant progress in demonstrating the presence of primary myocardial impairment in these patients, but further work is still required to obtain confirmatory molecular, pathophysiological, and prognostic clinical data. Phenotypic expression of the disease has prognostic value, also suggesting potential effective medical therapy.
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| 7. |
- Lidén, Mats, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Heart Rate on Flow Measurements in Aortic Regurgitation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Heart Valve Disease. - : I C R Publishers Ltd.. - 0966-8519 .- 2053-2644. ; 26:5, s. 502-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Flow measurements using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) enable quantification of the stroke volume, regurgitant volume (RV) and regurgitant fraction (RF) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). These variables are used to assess the severity of the valve disease and for the timing of surgery. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of an increased heart rate on measurement of the RV and RF in patients with AR.METHODS: Among 13 patients with known moderate or severe AR, regurgitant flow measurements, using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging, were obtained in the ascending aorta. Flow measurements were obtained at rest and at increased heart rates after intravenous administration of atropine.RESULTS: The mean heart rate was 61 beats per min at rest and 91 beats per min after atropine administration. The RV and RF were 52 ml and 35% at rest, respectively, and 34 ml (p <0.001) and 30% (p = 0.065) at increased heart rate, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: An increased heart rate leads to a decreased RV. The RF is more stable and may therefore be preferable for severity grading in AR.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of trans-membrane serine protease 3 (TMPRSS3) in the human organ of Corti
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 372:3, s. 445-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TMPRSS3 (Trans-membrane Serine Protease 3) is a type II trans-membrane serine protease that has proteolytic activity essential for hearing. Mutations in the gene cause non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB8/10) in humans. Knowledge about its cellular distribution in the human inner ear may increase our understanding of its physiological role and involvement in deafness, ultimately leading to therapeutic interventions. In this study, we used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy for the first time together with transmission electron microscopy to localize the TMPRSS3 protein in the human organ of Corti. Archival human cochleae were dissected out during petroclival meningioma surgery. Microscopy with Zeiss LSM710 microscope achieved a lateral resolution of approximately 80 nm. TMPRSS3 was found to be associated with actin in both inner and outer hair cells. TMPRSS3 was located in cell surface-associated cytoskeletal bodies (surfoskelosomes) in inner and outer pillar cells and Deiters cells and in subcuticular organelles in outer hair cells. Our results suggest that TMPRSS3 proteolysis is linked to hair cell sterociliary mechanics and to the actin/microtubule networks that support cell motility and integrity.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Macromolecular organization and fine structure of the human basilar membrane - RELEVANCE for cochlear implantation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 360:2, s. 245-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Cochlear micromechanics and frequency tuning depend on the macromolecular organization of the basilar membrane (BM), which is still unclear in man. Novel techniques in cochlear implantation (CI) motivate further analyses of the BM. Materials and methods Normal cochleae from patients undergoing removal of life-threatening petro-clival meningioma and an autopsy specimen from a normal human were used. Laser-confocal microscopy, high resolution scanning (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) were carried out in combination. In addition, one human temporal bone was decellularized and investigated by SEM. Results The human BM consisted in four separate layers: (1) epithelial basement membrane positive for laminin-beta 2 andcollagen IV, (2) BM Bproper boolean AND composed of radial fibers expressing collagen II and XI, (3) layer of collagen IV and (4) tympanic covering layer (TCL) expressing collagen IV, fibronectin and integrin. BM thickness varied both radially and longitudinally (mean 0.55-1.16 mu m). BM was thinnest near the OHC region and laterally. Conclusions There are several important similarities and differences between the morphology of the BM in humans and animals. Unlike in animals, it does not contain a distinct pars tecta (arcuate) and pectinata. Its width increases and thickness decreases as it travels apically in the cochlea. Findings show that the human BM is thinnest and probably most vibration-sensitive at the outer pillar feet/Deiter cells at the OHCs. The inner pillar and IHCs seem situated on a fairly rigid part of the BM. The gradient design of the BM suggests that its vulnerability increases apical wards when performing hearing preservation CI surgery.
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| 10. |
- Patterson, Marc C., et al.
(författare)
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Stable or improved neurological manifestations during miglustat therapy in patients from the international disease registry for Niemann-Pick disease type C : an observational cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1750-1172. ; 10, s. 65-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare neurovisceral disease characterised by progressive neurological degeneration, where the rate of neurological disease progression varies depending on age at neurological onset. We report longitudinal data on functional disease progression and safety observations in patients in the international NPC Registry who received continuous treatment with miglustat.METHODS: The NPC Registry is a prospective observational cohort of NP-C patients. Enrolled patients who received ≥1 year of continuous miglustat therapy (for ≥90 % of the observation period, with no single treatment interruption >28 days) were included in this analysis. Disability was measured using a scale rating the four domains, ambulation, manipulation, language and swallowing from 0 (normal) to 1 (worst). Neurological disease progression was analysed in all patients based on: 1) annual progression rates between enrolment and last follow up, and; 2) categorical analysis with patients categorised as 'improved/stable' if ≥3/4 domain scores were lower/unchanged, and as 'progressed' if <3 scores were lower/unchanged between enrolment and last follow-up visit.RESULTS: In total, 283 patients were enrolled from 28 centers in 13 European countries, Canada and Australia between September 2009 and October 2013; 92 patients received continuous miglustat therapy. The mean (SD) miglustat exposure during the observation period (enrolment to last follow-up) was 2.0 (0.7) years. Among 84 evaluable patients, 9 (11 %) had early-infantile (<2 years), 27 (32 %) had late-infantile (2 to <6 years), 30 (36 %) had juvenile (6 to <15 years) and 18 (21 %) had adolescent/adult (≥15 years) onset of neurological manifestations. The mean (95%CI) composite disability score among all patients was 0.37 (0.32,0.42) at enrolment and 0.44 (0.38,0.50) at last follow-up visit, and the mean annual progression rate was 0.038 (0.018,0.059). Progression of composite disability scores appeared highest among patients with neurological onset during infancy or childhood and lowest in those with adolescent/adult-onset. Overall, 59/86 evaluable patients (69 %) were categorized as improved/stable and the proportion of improved/stable patients increased with age at neurological onset. Safety findings were consistent with previous data.CONCLUSIONS: Disability status was improved/stable in the majority of patients who received continuous miglustat therapy for an average period of 2 years.
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| 11. |
- Santi, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of the Extracellular Matrix in the Decellularized Mouse and Human Cochlea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1525-3961 .- 1438-7573. ; 17:3, s. 159-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decellularized tissues have been used to investigate the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a number of different tissues and species. Santi and Johnson JARO 14: 3-15 (2013) first described the decellularized inner ear in the mouse, rat, and human using scanning thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (sTSLIM). The purpose of the present investigation is to examine decellularized cochleas in the mouse and human at higher resolution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh cochleas were harvested and decellularized using detergent extraction methods. Following decellularization, the ECM of the bone, basilar membrane, spiral limbus, and ligament remained, and all of the cells were removed from the cochlea. A number of similarities and differences in the ECM of the mouse and human were observed. A novel, spirally directed structure was present on the basilar membrane and is located at the border between Hensen and Boettcher cells. These septa-like structures formed a single row in the mouse and multiple rows in the human. The basal lamina of the stria vascularis capillaries was present and appeared thicker in the human compared with the mouse. In the mouse, numerous openings beneath the spiral prominence that previously housed the root processes of the external sulcus cells were observed but in the human there was only a single row of openings. These and other anatomical differences in the ECM between the mouse and human may reflect functional differences and/or be due to aging; however, decellularized cochleas provide a new way to examine the cochlear ECM and reveal new observations.
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| 12. |
- Svensson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in heart rate variability during everyday life are linked to insulin resistance. A role of dominating sympathetic over parasympathetic nerve activity?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and assess the relationship between IR and activity of ANS using power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).Subjects and methods: Twenty-three healthy first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (R) and 24 control subjects without family history of diabetes (C) group-matched for age, BMI and sex were included. Insulin sensitivity (M value) was assessed by hyperinsulinemic (56 mU/m2/min) euglycemic clamp. Activity of the ANS was assessed using power spectrum analysis of HRV in long-term recordings, i.e., 24-h ECG monitoring, and in short-term recordings during manoeuvres activating the ANS. Computed tomography was performed to estimate the amount and distribution of abdominal adipose tissue.Results: Insulin sensitivity (M value, mg/kg lbm/min) did not differ significantly between the R and C groups. Total spectral power (Ptot) and very low-frequency (PVLF) power was lower in R than C during 24 h ECG-recordings (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03). The best fit multiple variable linear regression model (r2 = 0.37, p < 0.001 for model) indicated that body composition (BMI) and long-term low to high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio (std β = −0.46, p = 0.001 and std β = −0.28, p = 0.003, respectively) were significantly and independently associated with the M value.Conclusion: Altered heart rate variability, assessed by power spectrum analysis, during everyday life is linked to insulin resistance. The data suggest that an increased ratio of sympathetic to parasympathetic nerve activity, occurring via both inherited and acquired mechanisms, could potentially contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 13. |
- Voisin, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Many obesity-associated SNPs strongly associate with DNA methylation changes at proximal promoters and enhancers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mechanisms by which genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified in genome-wide association studies act to influence body mass remain unknown for most of these SNPs, which continue to puzzle the scientific community. Recent evidence points to the epigenetic and chromatin states of the genome as having important roles. Methods: We genotyped 355 healthy young individuals for 52 known obesity-associated SNPs and obtained DNA methylation levels in their blood using the Illumina 450 K BeadChip. Associations between alleles and methylation at proximal cytosine residues were tested using a linear model adjusted for age, sex, weight category, and a proxy for blood cell type counts. For replication in other tissues, we used two open-access datasets (skin fibroblasts, n = 62; four brain regions, n = 121-133) and an additional dataset in subcutaneous and visceral fat (n = 149). Results: We found that alleles at 28 of these obesity-associated SNPs associate with methylation levels at 107 proximal CpG sites. Out of 107 CpG sites, 38 are located in gene promoters, including genes strongly implicated in obesity (MIR148A, BDNF, PTPMT1, NR1H3, MGAT1, SCGB3A1, HOXC12, PMAIP1, PSIP1, RPS10-NUDT3, RPS10, SKOR1, MAP2K5, SIX5, AGRN, IMMP1L, ELP4, ITIH4, SEMA3G, POMC, ADCY3, SSPN, LGR4, TUFM, MIR4721, SULT1A1, SULT1A2, APOBR, CLN3, SPNS1, SH2B1, ATXN2L, and IL27). Interestingly, the associated SNPs are in known eQTLs for some of these genes. We also found that the 107 CpGs are enriched in enhancers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, our results indicate that some of these associations are not blood-specific as we successfully replicated four associations in skin fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that many obesity-associated SNPs are associated with proximal gene regulation, which was reflected by association of obesity risk allele genotypes with differential DNA methylation. This study highlights the importance of DNA methylation and other chromatin marks as a way to understand the molecular basis of genetic variants associated with human diseases and traits.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Welin, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis patients in Sweden – Healthcare utilization, treatment, morbidity, and mortality using national register data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Seizure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1059-1311. ; 53, s. 4-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study is designed to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy associated with TSC in Sweden and to describe treatment, morbidity, and mortality of TSC patients with epilepsy. Methods Register data for 2004–2014 was obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden. Patients with TSC were identified using ICD-10 codes. Epilepsy was identified using ICD-10 codes, interventions aimed to treat epilepsy, or prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs. Results The prevalence of TSC was 5.38 per 100 000 individuals. We identified 551 unique patients with TSC, of which 386 (70.1%) had epilepsy. The mean study period was 8.82 years. Antiepileptic drugs were dispensed to 97.9% of patients with epilepsy. The most prescribed antiepileptic drug was sodium valproate. Ketogenic diet was used in 6 (1.6%) patients, vagus nerve stimulation in 23 (6.0%) patients, and epilepsy surgery was performed in 25 (6.5%) patients. The mean number of outpatient visits per year was 4.70 (SD 4.17) and the mean number of inpatient days per year was 3.25 (SD 5.61). The mean number of outpatient visits per year with an ICD-10 code for epilepsy was 1.65 (SD 1.95) and the corresponding number of inpatient days was 2.06 (SD 4.50). A total of 30 patients with TSC and epilepsy died during the study period. Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in this study was in the lower range of previously reported numbers, suggesting that epilepsy may be overestimated in non-population based studies. A substantial part of the healthcare utilization was directly related to epilepsy.
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| 18. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Ingår i: 13th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated.Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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| 19. |
- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts of the EAAP 70<sup>th</sup> Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. - Ghent. - 9789086863396 ; , s. -161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated.Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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| 20. |
- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated. Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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