| 1. |
- Arnoldussen, I. A. C., et al.
(författare)
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A 10-Year Follow-Up of Adiposity and Dementia in Swedish Adults Aged 70 Years and Older
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 63:4, s. 1325-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adiposity measured in mid-or late-life and estimated using anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or metabolic markers such as blood leptin and adiponectin levels, is associated with late-onset dementia risk. However, during later life, this association may reverse and aging- and dementia-related processes may differentially affect adiposity measures. Objective: We explored associations of concurrent BMI, WHR, and blood leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with dementia occurrence. Methods: 924 Swedish community-dwelling elderly without dementia, aged 70 years and older, systematically-sampled by birth day and birth year population-based in the Gothenburg city region of Sweden. The Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies are designed for evaluating risk and protective factors for dementia. All dementias diagnosed after age 70 for 10 years were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict dementia occurrence between 2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2000-2010 after excluding prevalent baseline (year 2000) dementias. Baseline levels of BMI, WHR, leptin, and adiponectin were used. Results: Within 5 years of baseline, low BMI (<20 kg/m(2)) was associated with higher odds of dementia compared to those in the healthy BMI category (>= 20-24.9 kg/m(2)). Compared to the lowest quartile, leptin levels in the second quartile were associated with lower odds of dementia in women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In late-life, anthropometric and metabolic adiposity measures appear to be differentially associated with dementia risk. While BMI and leptin levels are highly positively correlated, our results show that their association with dementia at age >= 70 years, is asynchronous. These data suggest that with aging, the complexity of the adiposity exposure may increase and suggests metabolic dysregulation. Additional studies are needed to better understand this complexity.
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| 2. |
- Haghsheno, Mohammad-Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with low levels of serum serotonin, high levels of adiponectin and fasting glucose, and benign prostatic enlargement.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 49:2, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to test whether lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The association between LUTS and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) was also investigated. Material and methods. A cross-sectional, representative risk factor analysis of LUTS, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and urinary incontinence was conducted. Among 950 representative individuals, aged 69-81 years, the association between clinical, anthropometric, endocrine, metabolic and inflammatory factors on the one hand, as both major and minor aspects of MetS, and LUTS and urinary incontinence, on the other hand, was analysed. The prostate gland volume was measured in a subgroup of 155 randomly selected individuals and the association between LUTS and BPE was estimated. Results. No significant association was found between LUTS or urinary incontinence and the major aspects of the MetS. However, in a multivariate analysis, serum serotonin showed an independent negative correlation with LUTS and with urinary incontinence while fasting serum glucose and serum adiponectin showed a positive correlation with LUTS. Furthermore, in a subgroup of 155 individuals, the prostate gland volume correlated positively with LUTS. Conclusions. The study did not show an association between LUTS or urinary incontinence and the major components of the MetS. However, serum serotonin showed an independent negative correlation with LUTS and with urinary incontinence while fasting serum glucose and serum adiponectin showed a positive correlation with LUTS. The data confirm the general knowledge that BPE may be one of the causative factors of LUTS.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Himmelmann, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Survival with cerebral palsy over five decades in western Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - : Wiley. - 1469-8749 .- 0012-1622. ; 57:8, s. 762-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The life expectancy of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is often reduced compared with the general population. Long-term survival with CP is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate survival and the causes of death in relation to CP type and motor and accompanying impairments documented in the CP register of western Sweden over five decades.
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| 5. |
- Jonasson, Grethe, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of clinical and radiographic indices as predictors of osteoporotic fractures: a 10-year longitudinal study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4411 .- 2212-4403. ; 125:5, s. 487-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate 2 radiographic and 3 clinical indices as predictors of future osteoporotic fractures.In a prospective, longitudinal study with a 10-year fracture follow-up, the 2 radiographic indices mandibular cortical erosion (normal, mild/moderate erosion, and severe erosion of the inferior cortex) and cortex thickness were assessed using panoramic radiographs of 411 women, age 62 to 78 years. The clinical indices were the fracture assessment tool FRAX, the osteoporosis index of risk (OSIRIS), and the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST).The relative risks (RRs) for future fracture were significant for FRAX greater than 15%, 4.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-7.2), and for severely eroded cortices, 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.8). Cortical thickness less than 3mm, OSIRIS, and OST were not significant fracture predictors (RR 1.1, 1.4, and 1.5, respectively). For the 5 tested fracture predictors, Fisher's exact test gave the following P values for differences between fracture and nonfracture groups: FRAX <.001, cortical erosion 0.023, OST 0.078, OSIRIS 0.206, and cortical thickness 0.678. The area under the curve was 0.69 for FRAX less than 15%, 0.58 for cortical erosion, and 0.52 for cortical thickness. Adding OSIRIS and OST did not change the area under the curve significantly.FRAX and severely eroded cortices predicted fracture but cortical thickness, OSIRIS, and OST did not.
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| 6. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Lower risk of hip fractures among Swedish women with large hips?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 29:4, s. 927-935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In women, a large hip circumference (HC) related to lower hip fracture risk, independent of age and regardless if HC was measured long before or closer to the fracture. In older women, body mass index (BMI) explained the protection. In postmenopausal women, HC has been suggested to inversely associate with hip fracture while this has not been investigated in middle-aged women. We examined the association between HC, measured at two different time points, and hip fracture in a Swedish female population-based sample monitored for incident hip fractures over many years. Baseline HC, measured in 1968 or 1974 (n = 1451, mean age 47.6 years), or the HC measures that were the most proximal before event or censoring (n = 1325, mean age 71.7 years), were used to assess the effects of HC on hip fracture risk in women participating in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg. HC was parameterized as quintiles with the lowest quintile (Q1) as reference. Incident hip fractures over 45 years of follow-up (n = 257) were identified through hospital registers. Higher quintiles of HC at both baseline and proximal to event were inversely associated with hip fracture risk in age-adjusted models, but only baseline HC predicted hip fractures independently of BMI and other covariates (HR (95% CI) Q2, 0.85 (0.56-1.27); Q3, 0.59 (0.36-0.96); Q4, 0.57 (0.34-0.96); Q5, 0.58 (0.31-1.10)). A large HC is protective against hip fracture in midlife and in advanced age, but the association between proximal HC and hip fracture was explained by concurrent BMI suggesting that padding was not the main mechanism for the association. The independent protection seen in middle-aged women points to other mechanisms influencing bone strength.
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| 7. |
- Leu Agelii, Monica, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Low vitamin D status in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality in Swedish women - Effect of extended follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 27:12, s. 1143-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The impact of vitamin D concentrations on subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and overall mortality has been generally examined for periods under two decades. The magnitude of the association may depend on follow-up length. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline vitamin D and risk of total CVD, stroke and all-cause mortality over three decades of follow-up. Secondly, we aimed to assess how follow-up affects the associations. Methods and results: Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) were measured in a population-based sample of 1227 middle-aged women using serum collected at baseline and categorized into low (lowest 25D quartile) vs high 25D status (upper three 25D quartiles). Hazard ratio (HR) of the endpoints was estimated for low 25D. The impact of follow-up was examined in intermediary analyses where follow-up was interrupted up to four times, each time decreasing it by five years. There were 596 cardiovascular events and 635 participants died. During the first 17 years, the low 25D group experienced a 29% higher CVD risk and 3.3-fold higher stroke risk after accounting for confounders. Longer follow-up diminished significantly these risks and 25D status had no contribution at 32 years. For mortality, the decline over time was less dramatic, with HR = 1.96 (1.25; 3.08) at 17 years and HR = 1.42 (1.17; 1.72) at 37 years. Conclusion: Low 25D status increased the risk for all endpoints, but a lengthy follow-up diminished these risks towards the null. The impact of follow-up depends on the outcome. Future studies of 25D and disease should use repeated 25D assessments. (C) 2017 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Najar, Jenna, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and physical activity and dementia A 44-year longitudinal population study of women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 92:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether cognitive and physical activities in midlife are associated with reduced risk of dementia and dementia subtypes in women followed for 44 years. Methods A population-based sample of 800 women aged 38-54 years (mean age 47 years) was followed from 1968 to 2012. Cognitive (artistic, intellectual, manual, religious, and club) and physical activity were assessed at baseline. During follow-up, dementia (n = 194), Alzheimer disease (n = 102), vascular dementia (n = 27), mixed dementia (n = 41), and dementia with cerebrovascular disease (n = 81) were diagnosed according to established criteria based on information from neuropsychiatric examinations, informant interviews, hospital records, and registry data. Cox regression models were used with adjustment for age, education, socioeconomic status, hypertension, body mass index, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, stress, and major depression. Results We found that cognitive activity in midlife was associated with a reduced risk of total dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.89) and Alzheimer disease (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.36-0.82) during follow-up. Physical activity in midlife was associated with a reduced risk of mixed dementia (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22-0.86) and dementia with cerebrovascular disease (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.28-0.78). The results were similar after excluding those who developed dementia before 1990 (n = 21), except that physical activity was then also associated with reduced risk of total dementia (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46-0.99). Conclusion Our findings suggests that midlife cognitive and physical activities are independently associated with reduced risk of dementia and dementia subtypes. The results indicate that these midlife activities may have a role in preserving cognitive health in old age.
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| 9. |
- Rydén, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement between self-reports, proxy-reports and the National Patient Register regarding diagnoses of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 48:4, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: cognitive impairment is common among older adults, necessitating the use of collateral sources in epidemiological studies involving this age group. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between self- and proxyreports of cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus in a population-based sample of 80-year-olds. Further, both self and proxy-reports were compared with hospital register data. Methods: data were obtained from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. The study had a cross-sectional design and information was collected through semi-structured interviews in 2009–2012 from participants born in 1930 (N = 419) and their proxy informants. The National Patient Register provided diagnoses registered during hospital stays. Agreement was measured with Kappa values (K). Results: agreement between self- and proxy-reports was substantial for diabetes mellitus (K = 0.79), atrial fibrillation (K = 0.61), myocardial infarction (K = 0.75), angina pectoris (K = 0.73) and hypertension (K = 0.62), and fair for intermittent claudication (K = 0.38) and heart failure (K = 0.40). Compared to the National Patient Register, a large proportion of those with a hospital discharge diagnosis were also self- and proxy-reported. Conclusions: proxy informants can be an important source of information, at least for well-defined conditions such as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and diabetes mellitus.
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| 10. |
- Sandin, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Secular Trends in Thyroid Disease and Self-Perceived Mental Stress Among Swedish Women: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of the Two Cohorts 1980-1981 and 2004-2005 from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Family Medicine & Medical Science Research. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2327-4972. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disease among 38- and 50-year-old Swedish women in 1980-1981 and in 2004-2005. A second aim was to study whether there is any connection between deviant levels of TSH and mental stress or between diagnosed thyroid disease with normalized levels of TSH and mental stress. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Göteborg, Sweden, population about 4,30,000. Subjects: This study is based on material from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg. The participants are two representative samples of 38- and 50-year-old women who took part in examinations 1980-1981 and 2004-2005. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of thyroid disease as well associations between mental stress and thyroid disease, studied cross-sectionally. Results: The prevalence of thyroid disease has increased in both 38- (with 39%) and 50-year-old (with 56%) women between 1980-1982 and 2004-2005. There was a significant increase in the prevalence, from 0.9% (CI 0.2-2.6) to 3.4% (CI 1.7-6.2) of 50-year-old women with suppressed TSH. No connection was found between high mental stress and deviant levels of TSH. In the 38-year-old women there was a significant connection between high mental stress and diagnosed thyroid disease. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of suppressed TSH in Swedish women has increased since the early eighties, and that mental symptoms can exist also in successfully treated thyroid disease. However, all of the changes observed consist of relatively few individuals and no certain conclusions can therefore be drawn from the results.
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| 11. |
- Sundh, Valter, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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FRAX and mandibular sparse trabeculation as fracture predictors: a longitudinal study from 1980 to 2002.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 125:2, s. 135-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fracture assessment tool (FRAX) is widely used for predicting fractures, but better methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine whether visual assessments of mandibular trabecular bone could improve FRAX predictions. Three age-cohorts of women were examined twice - 499 women in 1980/1981 and 412 women in 1992/1993; 397 participated in both examinations. Information on 10-yr fracture events was available, and bone trabeculation was assessed in radiographs as 'dense', 'mixed', or 'sparse'. Fracture assessment tool values, without bone mineral density (BMD), were calculated twice. Both sparse trabeculation and FRAX >15% were associated with a twofold higher risk for future fracture in the younger group and with a three- to fourfold higher risk for future fracture in the older group. For those with both FRAX >15% and sparse trabeculation, the relative risk (RR) for a fracture in the next 10yr was 5.9 (95% CI: 3.5-9.8) in the younger group and 22.7 (95% CI: 5.6-92) in the older group. If either FRAX >15% or sparse trabeculation was present, the RR was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7-4.1) in the younger group and 15.7 (95% CI: 3.9-6.4) in the older group. We concluded that FRAX >15%, without BMD measurements, was an effective fracture predictor, and mandibular sparse trabeculation had a substantial additive effect. Together, FRAX plus mandibular sparse trabeculation predicts major osteoporotic fractures to approximately the same extent as does FRAX with BMD measurements.
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| 12. |
- Tognon, Gianluca, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy product intake and mortality in a cohort of 70-year-old Swedes: a contribution to the Nordic diet discussion
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:8, s. 2869-2876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s) Introduction: Conflicting results in the literature exist on the role of dairy products in the context of a Nordic Healthy Diet (NHD). Two recent Swedish studies indicate both negative and positive associations with total mortality when comparing key dairy products. There is no consensus about how to include these foods into the NHD. Purpose: To study consumption of cheese and milk products (milk, sour milk and unsweetened yoghurt) by 70-year-old Swedes in relation to all-cause mortality. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by follow-up duration, were used to assess the prediction of all-cause mortality by the above foods. The associations of fat from cheese and milk products with mortality were tested in separate models. Results: Cheese intake inversely predicted total mortality, particularly at high protein intakes, and this association decreased in strength with increasing follow-up time. Milk products predicted increased mortality with stable HRs over follow-up. The association between milk products and mortality was strongly influenced by the group with the highest consumption. Fat from cheese mirrored the protective association of cheese intake with mortality, whereas fat from milk products predicted excess mortality, but only in an energy-adjusted model. Conclusion: Based on our results, it may be argued that the role of dairy products in the context of a Nordic healthy diet should be more clearly defined by disaggregating cheese and milk products and not necessarily focusing on dairy fat content. Future epidemiological research should consider dairy products as disaggregated food items due to their great diversity in health properties.
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| 13. |
- Vala, CecilieHongslo, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of hip fracture among spouses-evidence of a homogamy effect
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:1, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spouses tend to share habits and therefore have an increased risk of same diseases. We followed all married couples in Sweden, born 1902 to 1942, in hospital records from 1987 to 2002, and found that individuals whose spouse had a hip fracture had an increased risk of hip fracture. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine whether spouses of hip fracture patients have an elevated risk of hip fracture. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all couples married for at least 5 years in Sweden and born between 1902 and 1942 (n = 904,451) and all patients registered with a hip fracture (n = 218,285) in the National Inpatients Register in Sweden from 1987 to 2002. RESULTS: During the period 1987 to 2002 hip fractures occurred among spouses in 4212 married couples. The hazard ratio (HR) for hip fracture in a married woman following hip fracture in the husband was 1.11 (95 % confidence interval 1.07 to 1.16) compared to a woman whose husband did not have hip fracture. The corresponding HR for a married man was 1.20 (1.15 to 1.26) compared to a man whose wife did not have hip fracture. The risk was significantly elevated over the age range 60 to 90 years. The increased risk for hip fracture among spouses remained after adjustments for income, education, geographical latitude and urbanisation. In a common model with spouses and their siblings, the HR for spousal effect were 1.63 (1.01 to 2.64) and for sibling effect 2.18 (1.55 to 3.06) compared to married with spouse and sibling respectively without hip fracture. CONCLUSION: The novel finding of an increased risk for hip fracture among spouses provides evidence indicating that there is a homogamy effect due to common social and lifestyle factors but could also be due to assortative mating.
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| 14. |
- Waller, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic disparities in physical activity among Swedish women and trends over time–the population study of women in Gothenburg
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 36:4, s. 363-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Objective: To explore secular trends in physical activity in relation to socioeconomic position in middle-aged women, with focus on whether the social gaps have become wider, narrower, or remain unchanged. Design: Cohort comparisons between two representative samples of women, recruited in 1980–81 and 2004–05 as a part of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg. Setting: Gothenburg, the second largest city of Sweden, with ≈ 450 000 inhabitants. Subjects: Population-based cohorts of 38- and 50-year-old women, invited in 1980–81 and 2004–05 to free health examinations. The study population in 1980 was n = 477, 38- and 50-year-old women born in 1930 (n = 355) and 1942 (n = 122), and in 2004 n = 500, 38- and 50-year- old women born in 1966 (n = 207) and 1954 (n = 293). Main outcome measure: Physical activity at work and leisure time. Socioeconomic position was defined based on socio-occupational group and level of education. Physical activity during work and leisure time was based on questionnaires. Results: On average 38- and 50-year-old women were more physically active at work and leisure time in 2004–05 compared to 1980–81; odds ratio (OR) for increase over time for physical activity at work for 38-year-olds: 2.59, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–4.07), and for 50-year-olds: OR 2.09 (1.52–2.88); OR for increase physical activity leisure time in 38-year-olds: 1.93 (1.25–2.98), and in 50-year-olds 2.04 (1.49–2.79). There were no significant differences between socioeconomic groups in physical activity levels changes over time. Conclusion: Women in different socioeconomic groups improved their physical activity at work and leisure time to the same extent from 1980 to 2004, indicating that the socioeconomic gap in physical activity is neither increasing nor decreasing.Key Points The gap in physical activity levels between socioeconomic groups seems to have remained stable for middle-aged women the last 25 years. •However, women were more physically active in 2004 at work and during leisure time, independent of socioeconomic position, compared to 1980. •It remains a great challenge to create structures that enable these behaviours for all social groups.
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