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| 5. |
- Reimerdes, H., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include T (e)/T (i) similar to 1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Q, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with critical influenza pneumonia
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 219:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia and yellow fever vaccine disease. We report here on 13 patients harboring autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 alone (five patients) or with IFN-ω (eight patients) from a cohort of 279 patients (4.7%) aged 6–73 yr with critical influenza pneumonia. Nine and four patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-α2, and six and two patients had antibodies neutralizing high and low concentrations, respectively, of IFN-ω. The patients’ autoantibodies increased influenza A virus replication in both A549 cells and reconstituted human airway epithelia. The prevalence of these antibodies was significantly higher than that in the general population for patients <70 yr of age (5.7 vs. 1.1%, P = 2.2 × 10−5), but not >70 yr of age (3.1 vs. 4.4%, P = 0.68). The risk of critical influenza was highest in patients with antibodies neutralizing high concentrations of both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω (OR = 11.7, P = 1.3 × 10−5), especially those <70 yr old (OR = 139.9, P = 3.1 × 10−10). We also identified 10 patients in additional influenza patient cohorts. Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs account for ∼5% of cases of life-threatening influenza pneumonia in patients <70 yr old.
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| 10. |
- Balkenhol, Maschenka C. A., et al.
(författare)
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Histological subtypes in triple negative breast cancer are associated with specific information on survival
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1092-9134 .- 1532-8198. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research has focused on finding novel prognostic biomarkers for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), whereas only scattered information about the relation between histopathological features and survival in TNBC is available. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of histological subtypes in TNBC. A multicenter retrospective TNBC cohort was established from five Dutch hospitals. All non-neoadjuvantly treated, stage I-III patients with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2014 were included. Clinical and follow-up data (overall survival; OS, relapse free survival; RFS) were retrieved and a central histopathological review was performed. Of 597 patients included (median follow up 62.8 months, median age at diagnosis 56.0 years), 19.4% developed a recurrence. The most prevalent histological subtypes were carcinoma of no special type (NST) (88.4%), metaplastic carcinoma (4.4%) and lobular carcinoma (3.4%). Collectively, tumors of special type were associated with a worse RFS and OS compared to carcinoma NST (RFS HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.18-3.03; p = 0.008; OS HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.28-2.92; p = 0.002). Substantial differences in survival, however, were present between the different histological subtypes. In the presented TNBC cohort, special histological subtype was in general associated with less favorable survival. However, within the group of tumors of special type there were differences in survival between the different subtypes. Accurate histological examination can provide specific prognostic information that may potentially enable more personalized treatment and surveillance regimes for TNBC patients.
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| 11. |
- Crombé, K., et al.
(författare)
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Radio frequency plasma production on the TOMAS device
- 2023
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Ingår i: 24th Topical Conference on Radio-Frequency Power in Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of discharge initiation by an Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) antenna is of importance for operational scenarios at low magnetic field in e.g., ITER and Wendelstein 7-X. At low magnetic fields ohmic breakdown is difficult because of relatively short connection lengths and the electron cyclotron (EC) systems cannot assist because of a low-density cut-off. In that case ion cyclotron (IC) start-up, with waves in the Radio Frequency (RF) wavelength range, can be a good alternative solution. To explore in more detail the processes at play during the initial breakdown phase and to test measurement requirements, the diagnostic's capabilities of the TOMAS experimental device are being enlarged to allow for IC breakdown studies. A first set of IC breakdown experiments has been performed and data was taken by a newly installed spectrometer and a horizontal triple Langmuir probe. Limitations were found in pressure, ICRF power, and hydrogen concentration. Further diagnostic's upgrades and extensions of the experimental sessions will allow for a more complete study in support of modelling and experiments on other machines.
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| 12. |
- Goriaev, A., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded TOMAS device : A toroidal plasma facility for wall conditioning, plasma production, and plasma-surface interaction studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 92:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Toroidal Magnetized System device has been significantly upgraded to enable development of various wall conditioning techniques, including methods based on ion and electron cyclotron (IC/EC) range of frequency plasmas, and to complement plasma-wall interaction research in tokamaks and stellarators. The toroidal magnetic field generated by 16 coils can reach its maximum of 125 mT on the toroidal axis. The EC system is operated at 2.45 GHz with up to 6 kW forward power. The IC system can couple up to 6 kW in the frequency range of 10 MHz-50 MHz. The direct current glow discharge system is based on a graphite anode with a maximum voltage of 1.5 kV and a current of 6 A. A load-lock system with a vertical manipulator allows exposure of material samples. A number of diagnostics have been installed: single- and triple-pin Langmuir probes for radial plasma profiles, a time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer capable of detecting neutrals in the energy range of 10 eV-1000 eV, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer and video systems for plasma imaging. The majority of systems and diagnostics are controlled by the Siemens SIMATIC S7 system, which also provides safety interlocks.
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| 13. |
- Tack, Jan, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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A survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motility and functional investigations in Europe and considerations for recommencing activities in the early recovery phase
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 32:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by WHO on March 13, 2020, had a major global impact on the healthcare system and services. In the acute phase, the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract limited activities in the gastroenterology clinic and procedures to emergencies only. Motility and function testing was interrupted and as we enter the recovery phase, restarting these procedures requires a safety-focused approach with adequate infection prevention for patients and healthcare professionals. Methods We summarized knowledge on the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the aerodigestive tract and the risk of spread with motility and functional testing. We surveyed 39 European centers documenting how the pandemic affected activities and which measures they are considering for restarting these measurements. We propose recommendations based on current knowledge as applied in our center. Results Positioning of catheters for gastrointestinal motility tests carries a concern for aerosol-borne infection of healthcare workers. The risk is low with breath tests. The surveyed centers stopped almost all motility and function tests from the second half of March. The speed of restarting and the safety measures taken varied highly. Conclusions and Inferences Based on these findings, we provided recommendations and practical relevant information for motility and function test procedures in the COVID-19 pandemic era, to guarantee a high-quality patient care with adequate infection prevention.
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| 14. |
- Kamio, S., et al.
(författare)
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First experiments on plasma production using field-aligned ICRF fast wave antennas in the large helical device
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 61:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of the first experimental series to produce a plasma using the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) in the large helical device (LHD) within the minority scenario developed at Uragan-2M (U-2M) are presented. The motivation of this study is to provide plasma creation in conditions when an electron cyclotron resonance heating start-up is not possible, and in this way widen the operational frame of helical machines. The major constraint of the experiments is the low RF power to reduce the possibility of arcing. No dangerous voltage increase at the radio-frequency (RF) system elements and no arcing has been detected. As a result, a low plasma density is obtained and the antenna-plasma coupling is not optimal. However, such plasmas are sufficient to be used as targets for further neutral beam injection (NBI) heating. This will open possibilities to explore new regimes of operation at LHD and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. The successful RF plasma production in LHD in this experimental series stimulates the planning of further studies of ICRF plasma production aimed at increasing plasma density and temperature within the ICRF minority scenario as well as investigating the plasma prolongation by NBI heating.
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| 15. |
- Kovtun, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis of the plasma parameters of ECR and combined ECR plus RF discharges in the TOMAS plasma facility
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 63:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toroidal magnetized system (TOMAS) plasma facility aims at complementary research on wall conditioning methods, plasma production and plasma-surface interaction studies. This paper explores for the first time the parameters in helium electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma and combined ECR + radio-frequency (RF) discharges in TOMAS. The ECR discharge in this work, at 2.45 GHz and 87.6 mT, is the main one for creating and maintaining the plasma, while the addition of RF power at 25 MHz allows to broaden the achievable electron temperature and density at a given gas flow, as evidenced by triple Langmuir probe measurements. This effect of the combined ECR + RF discharge provides flexibility to study particular aspects of wall conditioning techniques relevant to larger devices, or to approach plasma conditions relevant to fusion edge plasmas for particular surface interaction studies.
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| 16. |
- Kovtun, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of hydrogen plasma parameters of the combined ECR+RF discharge in the TOMAS facility
- 2023
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Ingår i: 24TH TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS. - : AIP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plasma electron density and temperature were measured in hydrogen electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma and combined ECR + radio-frequency (RF) discharges in the TOMAS facility. The results of ECR and combined ECR+RF discharges studies are compared. With an addition of RF, it is possible to vary the plasma parameters around the values provided by the ECR discharge. The propagation of slow (SW) and fast (FW) waves in hydrogen plasma is analyzed. Depending on the plasma density and the parallel component of the wave vector three cases are possible: SW propagation only, SW and FW simultaneous propagation, and FW propagation only.
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| 17. |
- Kovtun, Yu., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of TOMAS plasma diagnostics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-0221. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the TOMAS plasma diagnostics. The Langmuir probe method is employed to measure electron temperature, density and floating potential distributions. Two triple probes (horizontal and vertical distributions) and a single probe (horizontal distribution) are used. The measured plasma parameters by the triple and single probes are compared. The ion and neutral atom flux and energy distribution is respectively characterized with a Residual Field Energy Analyzer and a Time-of-Flight Neutral Particle Ana-lyzer. To determine the elemental/charge content of the plasma, the passive method of time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy is used. The time dependence of the integral flow of plasma emission from the discharge is registered by a photodetector. Using a filter allows the photodetector to measure spectral line intensities. To record a wide variety of plasma events several video diagnostics are used. It includes slow video cameras and one high-speed camera in the visible range including Hα.
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| 18. |
- Kovtun, Yu.V., et al.
(författare)
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ICRF plasma production in gas mixtures in the Uragan-2M stellarator
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes previous results and presents new studies on the ICRF plasma creation both in pure gases and gas mixtures. In all the experiments, the two-strap antenna was operated in monopole phasing with applied RF power of ∼100 kW. The research for plasma creation was carried out at RF frequencies near the fundamental hydrogen cyclotron harmonic.
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| 19. |
- López-Rodríguez, D., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of radio frequency plasmas in the upgraded TOMAS device
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To complement wall conditioning research in TOMAS, a characterisation of radio-frequency hydrogen plasmas has been performed using a radially movable triple Langmuir probe. Experimental measurements of electron temperature and density radial profiles at different magnetic field on axis strengths and neutral pressures have been performed. First results of simulations of the radial profiles with the code TOMATOR-1D can qualitatively reproduce the measurements of the diagnostic and may be used to understand the behaviour of the waves inside the plasma.
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| 20. |
- Lozin, A.V., et al.
(författare)
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Two-strap rf antenna in uragan-2m stellarator
- 2020
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Ingår i: Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. - : Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. ; 130:6, s. 10-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Moiseyenko, Volodymyr, et al.
(författare)
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First experiments on ICRF discharge generation by a W7-X-like antenna in the Uragan-2M stellarator
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 86:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In support of the ICRF experiments planned on the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, i.e. fast ion generation, wall conditioning, target plasma production and heating, a first experimental study on plasma production has been made in the Uragan-2M (U-2M) stellarator using W7-X-like two-strap antenna. In all the experiments, antenna monopole phasing was used. The W7-X-like antenna operation with launched radiofrequency power of ~100 kW have been performed in helium (p = (4–14) × 10−2 Pa) with the vacuum vessel walls pre-loaded with hydrogen. Production of plasma with a density higher than 1012 cm−3 was observed near the first harmonic of the hydrogen cyclotron frequency. Operation at first hydrogen harmonic is feasible in W7-X future ICRF experiments.
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| 22. |
- Moiseyenko, Volodymyr, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Production in ICRF in the Uragan-2M Stellarator in Hydrogen–Helium Gas Mixture
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of fusion energy. - : Springer. - 0164-0313 .- 1572-9591. ; 41:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma production experiments in helium at Uragan-2M have been performed to investigate the role of the hydrogen minority in helium. The experiments presented here were carried on with a controlled minority hydrogen concentration. The hydrogen minority allowed one to increase plasma density more than three times as compared with pure helium. The obtained plasma density is highest for whole time of Uragan-2M operation. The developed scenario allowed to decrease the neutral gas pressure at which the plasma production is possible. This is a requirement for achieving regimes of plasma production with full ionization. Although the initial gas mixture 14%H2 + 86%He can be treated as optimum, there is no sensitive dependence on hydrogen minority concentration, which makes the scenario robust. This study, together with initial LHD experiments, confirm the prospects of target plasma production by ICRF waves for stellarator type machines.
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| 23. |
- Van Daele, R, et al.
(författare)
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A Large Retrospective Assessment of Voriconazole Exposure in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Voriconazole is one of the first-line therapies for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Drug concentrations might be significantly influenced by the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We aimed to assess the effect of ECMO on voriconazole exposure in a large patient population. Methods: Critically ill patients from eight centers in four countries treated with voriconazole during ECMO support were included in this retrospective study. Voriconazole concentrations were collected in a period on ECMO and before/after ECMO treatment. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of ECMO on voriconazole exposure and to assess the impact of possible saturation of the circuit’s binding sites over time. Results: Sixty-nine patients and 337 samples (190 during and 147 before/after ECMO) were analyzed. Subtherapeutic concentrations (<2 mg/L) were observed in 56% of the samples during ECMO and 39% without ECMO (p = 0.80). The median trough concentration, for a similar daily dose, was 2.4 (1.2–4.7) mg/L under ECMO and 2.5 (1.4–3.9) mg/L without ECMO (p = 0.58). Extensive inter-and intrasubject variability were observed. Neither ECMO nor squared day of ECMO (saturation) were retained as significant covariates on voriconazole exposure. Conclusions: No significant ECMO-effect was observed on voriconazole exposure. A large proportion of patients had voriconazole subtherapeutic concentrations.
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| 25. |
- Widdowson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of tritium retention in plasma facing components during JET tritium operations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 96:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An assessment of the tritium (T) inventory in plasma facing components (PFC) during JET T and deuterium-tritium (DT) operations is presented based on the most comprehensive ex situ fuel retention data set on JET PFCs from the 2015-2016 ILW3 operating period is presented. The global fuel retention is 4.19 x 10(23) D atoms, 0.19% of injected fuel. The inner divertor remains the region of highest fuel retention (46.5%). The T inventory in PFCs at the end of JET operations is calculated as 7.48 x 10(22) atoms and is informative for accountancy, clean-up efficacy and waste liability assessments. The T accumulation rate at the upper inner divertor during JET DT operations has been used to assess the requirements and frequency of operation of a new laser induced desorption diagnostic to be installed on JET for the final DT experiments in 2023.
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