1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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2. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of high energy atmospheric neutrinos with the Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 66:1, s. 120051-1200520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA) began collecting data with ten strings in 1997. Results from the first year of operation are presented. Neutrinos coming through the Earth from the Northern Hemisphere are identified by secondary muons moving upward through the array. Cosmic rays in the atmosphere generate a background of downward moving muons, which are about 106 times more abundant than the upward moving muons. Over 130 days of exposure, we observed a total of about 300 neutrino events. In the same period, a background of 1.05 × 109 cosmic ray muon events was recorded. The observed neutrino flux is consistent with atmospheric neutrino predictions. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that 90% of these events lie in the energy range 66 GeV to 3.4 TeV. The observation of atmospheric neutrinos consistent with expectations establishes AMANDA-B10 as a working neutrino telescope.
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3. |
- Bai, X., et al.
(författare)
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Status of the Neutrino Telescope AMANDA : Monopoles and WIMPS
- 2001
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Ingår i: Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642626081 ; , s. 699-706
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutrino telescope AMANDA has been set up at the geographical South Pole as first step to a neutrino telescope of the scale of one cubic kilometer, which is the canonical size for a detector sensitive to neutrinos from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) and Topological Defects (TD). The location and depth in which the detector is installed is given by the requirement to detect neutrinos by the Cherenkov light produced by their reaction products and to keep the background due to atmospheric muons as small as possible. However, a detector optimized for this purpose is also capable to detect the bright Cherenkov light from relativistic Monopoles and neutrino signals from regions with high gravitational potential, where WIMPS are accumulated and possibly annihilate. Both hypothetical particles might contribute to the amount of dark matter. Therefore here a report about the status of the experiment (autumn 2000) and about the status of the search for these particles with the AMANDA B10 sub-detector is given.
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4. |
- Edsjö, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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WIMP searches with AMANDA-B10
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Identification Of Dark Matter. - : World Scientific. - 9789810246020 ; , s. 499-505
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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5. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Initial results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: 21st Rencontres de Moriond Workshop on Very High-Energy Phenomena in the Universe.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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6. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for point sources of high-energy neutrinos with AMANDA
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2041-8205 .- 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 583:2 I, s. 1040-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the search for astronomical sources of high-energy neutrinos using the AMANDA-B10 detector, an array of 302 photomultiplier tubes used for the detection of Cerenkov light from upward-traveling neutrino-induced muons, buried deep in ice at the South Pole. The absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution were studied by using coincident events between the AMANDA detector and two independent telescopes on the surface, the GASP air Cerenkov telescope and the SPASE extensive air shower array. Using data collected from 1997 April to October (130.1 days of live time), a general survey of the northern hemisphere revealed no statistically significant excess of events from any direction. The sensitivity for a flux of muon neutrinos is based on the effective detection area for through-going muons. Averaged over the northern sky, the effective detection area exceeds 10,000 m2 for E μ ≈ 10 TeV. Neutrinos generated in the atmosphere by cosmic-ray interactions were used to verify the predicted performance of the detector. For a source with a differential energy spectrum proportional to Eν -2 and declination larger than +40°, we obtain E2(dNν/dE) ≤ 10-6 GeV cm-2 s-1 for an energy threshold of 10 GeV.
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7. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for supernova neutrino bursts with the AMANDA detector
- 2001
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 16:4, s. 345-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core collapse of a massive star in the Milky Way will produce a neutrino burst, intense enough to be detected by existing underground detectors. The AMANDA neutrino telescope located deep in the South Pole ice can detect MeV neutrinos by a collective rate increase in all photo-multipliers on top of dark noise. The main source of light comes from positrons produced in the CC reaction of anti-electron neutrinos on free protons ve + p → e+ + n. This paper describes the first supernova search performed on the full sets of data taken during 1997 and 1998 (215 days of live time) with 302 of the detector's optical modules. No candidate events resulted from this search. The performance of the detector is calculated, yielding a 70% coverage of the galaxy with one background fake per year with 90% efficiency for the detector configuration under study. An upper limit at the 90% c.l. on the rate of stellar collapses in the Milky Way is derived, yielding 4.3 events per year. A trigger algorithm is presented and its performance estimated. Possible improvements of the detector hardware are reviewed.
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8. |
- Andrés, E., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 410:6827, s. 441-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe and from deep inside the most cataclysmic high-energy regions. The neutrino's great penetrating power, however, also makes this particle difficult to detect. Underground detectors have observed low-energy neutrinos from the Sun and a nearby supernova2, as well as neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. But the very low fluxes of high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources can be observed only by much larger, expandable detectors in, for example, deep water3,4 or ice5. Here we report the detection of upwardly propagating atmospheric neutrinos by the ice-based Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA). These results establish a technology with which to build a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory necessary for astrophysical observations1.
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9. |
- Andrés, E., et al.
(författare)
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Recent results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X .- 1793-656X. ; 16:1C, s. 1013-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results based on data taken in 1997 with the 302-PMT Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array-B10 ("AMANDA-B10") array. Atmospheric neutrinos created in the northern hemisphere are observed indirectly through their charged current interactions which produce relativistic, Cherenkov-light-emitting upgoing muons in the South Pole ice cap. The reconstructed angular distribution of these events is in good agreement with expectation and demonstrates the viability of this ice-based device as a neutrino telescope.
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10. |
- Andres, E., et al.
(författare)
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Results from the AMANDA high energy neutrino detector
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - : Elsevier. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 91:1-3, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper briefly summarizes the search for astronomical sources of high-energy neutrinos using the AMANDA-B10 detector. The complete data set from 1997 was analyzed. For Eμ > 10 TeV, the detector exceeds 10,000 m2 in effective area between declinations of 25 and 90 degrees. Neutrinos generated in the atmosphere by cosmic ray interactions were used to verify the overall sensitivity of the detector. The absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution has been confirmed by the analysis of coincident events between the SPASE air shower array and the AMANDA detector. Preliminary flux limits from point source candidates are presented. For declinations larger than +45 degrees, our results compare favorably to existing limits for sources in the Southern sky. We also present the current status of the searches for high energy neutrino emission from diffusely distributed sources, GRBs, and WIMPs from the center of the earth.
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11. |
- Andres, E., et al.
(författare)
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Selected recent results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: ICHEP 2000. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics. - : World Scientific. ; , s. 965-968
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a selection of results based on data taken in 1997 with the 302-PMT Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array-B10 ("AMANDA-B10") array. Atmospheric neutrinos created in the northern hemisphere are observed indirectly through their charged current interactions which produce relativistic, Cherenkov-light-emitting upgoing muons in the South Pole ice cap. The reconstructed angular distribution of these events is in good agreement with expectation and demonstrates the viability of this ice-based device as a neutrino telescope. Studies of nearly vertical upgoing muons limit the available parameter space for WIMP dark matter under the assumption that WIMPS are trapped in the earth's gravitational potential well and annihilate with one another near the earth's center.
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12. |
- Karle, A., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of high energy atmospheric neutrinos with AMANDA
- 2000
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). ; , s. 823-827
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1997 the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) started operating with 10 strings. In an analysis of data taken during the first year of operation 188 atmospheric neutrino candidates were found. Their zenith angle distribution agrees with expectations based on Monte Carlo simulations. A preliminary upper limit is given on a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin.
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13. |
- Wischnewski, R., et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA neutrino detector : Status report
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear physics B, Proceedings supplements. - 0920-5632 .- 1873-3832. ; 85:1-3, s. 141-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first stage of the AMANDA High Energy Neutrino Detector at the South Pole, the 302 PMT array AMANDA-B10, is taking data since 1997. We describe results on atmospheric neutrinos, limits on indirect WIMP detection, seasonal muon flux variation, relativistic monopole flux limits, a search for gravitational collapse neutrinos, and a depth scan of the optical ice properties. The next stage 19-string detector AMANDA-II with ∼650 PMTs will be completed in spring 2000.
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14. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration and survey of AMANDA with the SPASE detectors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 522:3, s. 347-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the analysis of air showers observed in coincidence by the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino detector array (AMANDA-B10) and the South Pole Air Shower Experiment (SPASE-1 and SPASE-2). We discuss the use of coincident events for calibration and survey of the deep AMANDA detector as well as the response of AMANDA to muon bundles. This analysis uses data taken during 1997 when both SPASE-1 and SPASE-2 were in operation to provide a stereo view of AMANDA. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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15. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Limits on diffuse fluxes of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos with the AMANDA-B10 detector
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 90:25, s. 2511011-2511015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A report on the limits, which could be placed on diffuse fluxes of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos, was presented. The incorporation of neutrino oscillations was necessary for interpreting the limits in terms of the flux from a cosmological distributions of sources. The energetic accelerated environments were presented as the sources of high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos.
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16. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 21:6, s. 565-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays at energies above 1015 eV can provide crucial information for the understanding of their origin. Air showers were measured simultaneously with the SPASE-2 air shower array and the AMANDA-B10 Cherenkov telescope at the South Pole. This combination has the advantage to sample almost all high-energy shower muons and is thus a new approach to the determination of the cosmic ray composition. The change in the cosmic ray mass composition was measured versus existing data from direct measurements at low energies. Our data show an increase of the mean log atomic mass 〈lnA〉 by about 0.8 between 500 TeV and 5 PeV. This trend of an increasing mass through the "knee" region is robust against a variety of systematic effects. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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18. |
- Alcorn, J, et al.
(författare)
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Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:3, s. 294-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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19. |
- Cho, E, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy foods, calcium, and colorectal cancer : A pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA USA. Maastricht Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Maastricht, Netherlands. Harvard Ctr Canc Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY USA. TNO, Nutr & Food Res Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Zeist, Netherlands. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Helsinki, Finland. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NYU, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med & Kaplan Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 96:13, s. 1015-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been inconclusive. Methods: We pooled the primary data from 10 cohort studies in five countries that assessed usual dietary intake by using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. For most studies, follow-up was extended beyond that in the original publication. The studies included 534 536 individuals, among whom 4992 incident cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed between 6 and 16 years of follow-up. Pooled multivariable relative risks for categories of milk intake and quintiles of calcium intake and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Milk intake was related to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Compared with the lowest category of intake (<70 g/day), relative risks of colorectal cancer for increasing categories (70-174, 175-249, and greater than or equal to250 g/day) of milk intake were 0.94 (95% CI = 0.86 to 1.02), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.94), respectively (P-trend<.001). Calcium intake was also inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. The relative risk for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.95; P-trend = .02) for dietary calcium and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.88; P-trend<.001) for total calcium (combining dietary and supplemental sources). These results were consistent across studies and sex. The inverse association for milk was limited to cancers of the distal colon (P-trend<.001) and rectum (P-trend = .02). Conclusion: Higher consumption of milk and calcium is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
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25. |
- Wu, R, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive ground bounce removal
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Electronics Letters. ; 37, s. 1250-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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26. |
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36. |
- Molisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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An efficient low-cost time-hopping impulse radio for high data rate transmission
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the Sixth International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an efficient, low-cost implementation of time-hopping impulse radio that fulfills the spectral mask mandated by the FCC and is suitable for high-data-rate, short-range communications. The system was proposed to the IEEE 802.15.3a group for standardization as high-datarate personal-area network (PAN). Key features are: (i) all-baseband implementation obviates the need for local oscillators and other passband components, (ii) all sampling and digital signal processing is done at 200MHz, (iii) fast acquisition is accomplished by novel search algorithms,(iv) the spectral can be shaped adaptively to accommodate different spectrum regulations and interference environments. We show that this system can provide 110Mbit/s at 7-10m distance, as well as higher data rates at shorter distances. Due to the spreading concept of time-hopping impulse radio, the system can sustain multiple piconets, and can suppress narrowband interference effectively.
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42. |
- Wu, D., et al.
(författare)
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A novel strained Si0.7Ge0.3 surface-channel pMOSFET with an ALD TiN/Al2O3/HfAlOx/Al2O3 gate stack
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 24:3, s. 171-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proof-of-concept pMOSFETs with a strained-Si0.7Ge0.3 surface-channel deposited by selective epitaxy and a TiN/Al2O3/HfAIO(x)/Al2O3 gate stack grown by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALD) techniques were fabricated. The Si0.7Ge0.3 pMOSFETs exhibited more than 30% higher current drive and peak transconductance than reference Si pMOSFETs with the same gate stack. The effective mobility for the Si reference coincided with the universal hole mobility curve for Si. The presence of a relatively low density of interface states, determined as 3.3x10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1), yielded a subthreshold slope of 75 mV/dec. for the Si reference. For the Si0.7Ge0.3 pMOSFETs, these values were 1.6x10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) and 110 mV/dec., respectively.
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43. |
- Wu, F, et al.
(författare)
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Hybridisation of [Br-76]-labelled antisense oligonucleotides to Chromogranin A mRNA verified by RT-PCR
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 31:8, s. 1073-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods have been developed to label oligonucleotides (ODNs) in the 5'-position with Br-76 via a prosthetic group on a hexylamino-linker. The purpose of the study was to explore whether the labelling procedure would prevent specific hybridisation by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing of the PCR product. Antisense ODNs (30 mer, specific for rat Chromogranin A [CgA] mRNA) with phosphodiester (O-ODN) or phosphothiciate (S-ODN) backbone, either unlabelled or labelled with Br-76, served as one of the primers in individual PCR reactions. Using O-ODN as a primer, irrespective of being labelled or not, a selected 225-bp PCR fragment was successfully amplified. However, no amplification was obtained using S-ODN as a primer. The proper PCR products were only detected in the sample prepared from the adrenal gland, but not in that from the heart, liver or kidney. Autoradiographic recording of the gel, after gel electrophoresis, revealed radioactive signals corresponding to the amplified PCR products. The sequence of the PCR product matched the rat CgA mRNA sequence obtained from the EMBL database. RT-PCR is an attractive method to identify the selective binding of modified ODNs to target mRNA. This method confirmed that the labelling with Br-76 did not change the hybridisation ability of antisense O-ODN. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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47. |
- Wu, Qinghua, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Ephb2 and Ephb4 in breast carcinoma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pathology and Oncology Research. - Budapest, Hungary : Arányi Lajos Foundation. - 1219-4956 .- 1532-2807. ; 10:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their cell-surface-bound ligands, the ephrins, play key roles in diverse biological processes. Eph receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases consisting of eight EphA receptors (with five corresponding ephrinA ligands) and six EphB receptors (with three corresponding transmembrane ephrinB ligands). Originally identified as neuronal pathfinding molecules, EphB receptors and ephrinB ligands are later proved to be crucial regulators of vasculogenesis and embryogenesis. More studies indicate that Eph receptors are involved in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression of EphB2 and EphB4 in breast carcinomas. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression patterns of EphB2 and EphB4. Clinicopathological and survival correlations were statistically analyzed in a series of 94 breast carcinomas, 9 normal specimens and 4 breast carcinoma cell lines. 1(1%), 16(17%), 29(31%), 48(51%) of the 94 tumors were negative, weak, moderate and strong EphB2 protein expression, respectively. 6(6%), 27(29%), 28(30%), 33(35%) of the tumors were negative, weak, moderate and strong EphB4 expression, respectively. Both EphB2 and EphB4 RTPCR products could be detected in all specimens. Increased EphB2 protein expression was negatively associated with overall survival, and there was a trend that increased EphB2 protein expression was correlated with shorter disease free survival, while EphB4 protein expression was associated with histological grade and stage. EphB4 membrane staining was increased with S phase fraction and associated with DNA aneuploidy. These findings indicate that both EphB2 and EphB4 are involved in the development of breast cancer and that both molecules could be potential predictive markers.
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49. |
- Wu, W. H., et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Spine J. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719. ; 13:7, s. 575-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain has puzzled medicine for a long time. The present systematic review focuses on terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence. Numerous terms are used, as if they indicated one and the same entity. We propose "pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP)", and "pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP)", present evidence that the two add up to "lumbopelvic pain", and show that they are distinct entities (although underlying mechanisms may be similar). Average pain intensity during pregnancy is 50 mm on a visual analogue scale; postpartum, pain is less. During pregnancy, serious pain occurs in about 25%, and severe disability in about 8% of patients. After pregnancy, problems are serious in about 7%. The mechanisms behind disabilities remain unclear, and constitute an important research priority. Changes in muscle activity, unusual perceptions of the leg when moving it, and altered motor coordination were observed but remain poorly understood. Published prevalence for PPP and/or PLBP varies widely. Quantitative analysis was used to explain the differences. Overall, about 45% of all pregnant women and 25% of all women postpartum suffer from PPP and/or PLBP. These values decrease by about 20% if one excludes mild complaints. Strenuous work, previous low back pain, and previous PPP and/or PLBP are risk factors, and the inclusion/exclusion of high-risk subgroups influences prevalence. Of all patients, about one-half have PPP, one-third PLBP, and one-sixth both conditions combined. Overall, the literature reveals that PPP deserves serious attention from the clinical and research communities, at all times and in all countries.
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