| 1. |
- Jakobsson, Gunnar
(författare)
-
On Complications to Cataract Surgery
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cataract surgery, meaning exchange of the opaque lens in the eye with an artificial lens, is nowadays one of the most successful surgical procedures ever known. It is also the most frequent surgery performed in the Western world. In Sweden alone, more than 100,000 cataract operations are performed annually. Severe complications are rare, occurring only in a few percent of the patients, but owing to the large number of surgeries even infrequent complications amount to a substantial number of patients. The aim of this thesis was to study two different complications – retinal detachment (RD) and late artificial intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation – and to analyze inflammatory mediators in the vitreous of phakic (no previous cataract surgery) and pseudophakic (previous cataract surgery with IOL) eyes. Methods: Paper I is a multicenter case-control study evaluating the incidence and outcome of RD in eyes experiencing a perioperative complication with rupture of the lens capsule. Paper II and III are studies on patients with late IOL dislocation with a retrospective and a prospective observational design respectively. In paper IV the level of inflammatory immune mediators was measured in vitreous from phakic and pseudophakic patients. Results: The risk of developing RD after cataract surgery with a capsular rupture increased more than ten fold during the three-year follow-up period. Multivariate analyzes showed an odds ratio (OR) of 14.8 for RD. Additional risk factors were male sex (OR = 8.5) and lens remnants in the vitreous (OR = 14.4). The majority (62%) of eyes experiencing RD had a poor visual outcome of 0.1 or less. In patients with late IOL dislocation the median time to repositioning surgery was 6.5 years. This interval was significantly shorter in older patients and in eyes with perioperative complications (3.2 years). Pseudoexfoliations (PXF) were present in 60% of the patients and 36% had glaucoma. The annual incidence of late IOL dislocation in the pseudophakic population was calculated to 0.05%. Repositioning of the dislocated IOL with scleral sutures and a high frequency of pars plana vitrectomy procedures resulted in few complications and 59% of the patients obtained a visual acuity of ≥0.5. In patients with IOL dislocation and glaucoma, improved intraocular pressure (IOP) control was observed. Vitreous samples revealed significantly higher and sustained levels of immune mediators in pseudophakic eyes compared to phakic eyes. Conclusions: RD following capsule rupture results in profound visual loss in the majority of patients. Late IOL dislocation requiring reconstructive surgery occurs annually in 1/2000 pseudophakic patients. Risk factors are initially complicated cataract surgery, PXF and old age. The prognosis after repositioning surgery is good and IOP control in glaucoma patients is improved. Cataract surgery and pseudophakia induce elevated and sustained levels of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, DA, et al.
(författare)
-
ECL cell morphology
- 1998
-
Ingår i: The Yale journal of biology and medicine. - 0044-0086. ; 71:3-4, s. 217-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Du Toit, Sanetta, et al.
(författare)
-
Unpacking the concept of person-centred care within OT in dementia care
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Person-centred care (PCC), especially for frail and vulnerable elders with advanced dementia, remains in many ways an elusive concept. There appears to be a persistent strain between the medical and social models of care in institutionalised environments that strives to provide the last homely comforts to the people living there. A scoping review was conducted to determine how PCC is reflected by occupational therapy (OT) practice.The scoping review methodology followed guidelines by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Eligibility criteria include peer-reviewed studies published between 1995 and 2015 focusing on OT within aged residential care with people who have moderate to severe cognitive impairment associated with dementia. Studies retrieved from the searches were first independently screened for relevance and then assessed for inclusion. Relevant data were extracted and summarised using a critical interpretive synthesis developed for this study.Key characteristics of each study will be presented to demonstrate how the advancement of PCC is supported or inhibited.PCC that is reflective of occupational engagement and supports natural scenarios of everyday life is paramount when providing services in someone’s last home. The diverse nature and holistic approach of OT; a history evident of pressure to conform to the medical model; and expanding into new areas of practice delivery continue to impact the day-to-day business of OT. In our efforts to contribute as professionals within institutional dementia care settings for older persons, we need to consider how we can better support and expand our services to reflect the essence of PCC.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jhunjhunwala, Pranay, et al.
(författare)
-
Applying Skill-based Engineering using OPC-UA in Production System with a Digital Twin
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). - : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing demand for flexibility in the production industry has brought the need for plug and produce systems, in which components from various vendors and suppliers can be easily integrated into the production plant and without a lot of effort on the ground-level these components can be controlled. This paper proposes a novel engineering approach, combining the IEC 61499 component-based organisation of software with high-level command interface, known as skills, communicated between the components via OPC-UA. The approach is illustrated on a laboratory-scale flexible assembly system, composed of pneumatic jacks. mechatronic conveyors, robots and AGV’s. The proposed platform demonstrates the ease of improving flexibility in the production scenarios.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Tan, B. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of the dynamic range of superconducting nano-bridge switches
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2015; Cambridge; United States; 16 March 2015 through 18 March 2015.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the design of planar superconducting on/off switch comprising a number of high normal resistance nano-bridges deposited across a the slot of a unilateral finline. We have simulated the performance of this device and have shown that it has a much larger dynamic range than a single nano-bridge fabricated from the same material (Niobium Nitride, NbN). The response of a single bridge device was measured either directly using a terahertz power meter or by using superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) device as direct detector. In either method, we have demonstrated good agreement between simulations and measurements, and therefore confirmed the integrity of our analysis of the device performance. We have recently designed and fabricated multiple nano-bridges superconducting switches using 50m thick NbN film. The measurement of these devices is currently in progress and we expect to report the results in the forthcoming ISSTT conference in March.
|
|
| 7. |
- Zhang, Jingjing, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
A meiosis-specific BRCA2 binding protein recruits recombinases to DNA double-strand breaks to ensure homologous recombination.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to maintain genomic integrity. Recombinase recruited to the DSBs by the mediator protein BRCA2 catalyzes the homology-directed repair. During meiotic HR, programmed DSBs are introduced genome-wide but their repair mechanisms, including the regulation of BRCA2, have remained largely elusive. Here we identify a meiotic localizer of BRCA2, MEILB2/HSF2BP, that localizes to the site of meiotic DSBs in mice. Disruption of Meilb2 abolishes the localization of RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases in spermatocytes, leading to errors in DSB repair and male sterility. MEILB2 directly binds to BRCA2 and regulates its association to meiotic DSBs. We map the MEILB2-binding domain within BRCA2 that is distinct from the canonical DNA-binding domain but is sufficient to localize to meiotic DSBs in a MEILB2-dependent manner. We conclude that localization of BRCA2 to meiotic DSBs is mediated by MEILB2, which is an integral mechanism to repair abundant meiotic DSBs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Chawanpaiboon, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Although preterm survival rates have increased in high-income countries, preterm newborns still die because of a lack of adequate newborn care in many low-income and middle-income countries. We estimated global, regional, and national rates of preterm birth in 2014, with trends over time for some selected countries. Methods We systematically searched for data on preterm birth for 194 WHO Member States from 1990 to 2014 in databases of national civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS). We also searched for population-representative surveys and research studies for countries with no or limited CRVS data. For 38 countries with high-quality data for preterm births in 2014, data are reported directly. For countries with at least three data points between 1990 and 2014, we used a linear mixed regression model to estimate preterm birth rates. We also calculated regional and global estimates of preterm birth for 2014. Findings We identified 1241 data points across 107 countries. The estimated global preterm birth rate for 2014 was 10.6% (uncertainty interval 9.0-12.0), equating to an estimated 14.84 million (12.65 million-16.73 million) live preterm births in 2014. 12.0 million (81.1%) of these preterm births occurred in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Regional preterm birth rates for 2014 ranged from 13.4% (6.3-30.9) in North Africa to 8.7% (6.3-13.3) in Europe. India, China, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Indonesia accounted for 57.9 million (41.4%) of 139.9 million livebirths and 6.6 million (44.6%) of preterm births globally in 2014. Of the 38 countries with high-quality data, preterm birth rates have increased since 2000 in 26 countries and decreased in 12 countries. Globally, we estimated that the preterm birth rate was 9.8% (8.3-10.9) in 2000, and 10.6% (9.0-12.0) in 2014. Interpretation Preterm birth remains a crucial issue in child mortality and improving quality of maternal and newborn care. To better understand the epidemiology of preterm birth, the quality and volume of data needs to be improved, including standardisation of definitions, measurement, and reporting. Copyright (c) 2018 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chemane, Lourino, 1966-
(författare)
-
ICT Platform Integration - MCDM Based Framework for the Establishment of Value Network : Case Study: Mozambique Government Electronic Network (GovNet)
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The selection of ICT service providers are among many of the challenges in building networks (intranets and extensions to the Internet) due to the high investment on equipment (CAPEX) and on operational costs (OPEX). This thesis proposes a Multi-Criteria Decision Method based decision support framework via the deployment of the Analytical Hierarchy Process method that can be used to improve selection and evaluation practices. The work deals explicitly with the role of ICT in supporting the corporate mission, and goals, in building the organization value network. It helps also in planning and defining the access to the Internet and strategies for making critical ICT related decisions. A specific study, The Government Electronic Network Project in Mozambique, has been used as a use case for the developed model and for validating the framework. The thesis also covers aspects related to the broader eGovernment process in Mozambique, such as the architecture, the principles, and the associated IT protocols and standards required for the interoperability of the respective eGovernment systems. The framework and recommendations are expected to contribute in assisting organizations to increase the usage and improve the management of IT platforms and services. In addition, they should help in bettering the systematization of the input data in specifying the requirements for the services offered by Internet service providers. The model should bring to the attention of decision-makers many factors that are currently neither considered nor are central to the selection processes. Furthermore, the decision-makers can use the framework in explaining and describing the investment decisions behind ICT projects in the context of the organization value network.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ganuza, Natalia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Boundaries of belonging : Language and Swedishness in contemporary Swedish fiction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Language, Culture and Society. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2543-3164 .- 2543-3156. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses contemporary Swedish fiction to explore sociolinguistic phenomena, and argues that literature constitutes an important arena for studying the (re)production and circulation of sociolinguistic experiences and ideas at a particular time and place. It builds on qualitative analysis of 65 Swedish books, published between 2000 and 2020, which depict protagonists with multilingual and migrant backgrounds. The study examines patterns of repetition in these works of fiction. It foregrounds recurring sociolinguistic experiences that are made relevant in the depiction of the fictional characters’ lives, and how they are emotionally interpreted. The analysis shows that the narrated experiences are often told and organized in similar ways and they tend to use the same social images of speakers to highlight processes of boundary-making and social differentiation. Language is used as an important part of the entextualization of these social experiences. For example, the authors often depict “the immigrant” and “the Swede” as binary opposites, which are linked to certain typical forms of speaking and being. By way of repetition, we argue, these recurring fictional experiences contribute to the formation of a grander narrative about language, belonging and social boundary-making in contemporary Sweden, and to the construction of Sweden as a society that is increasingly segregated and stratified.
|
|
