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- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in morphology and sexual size dimorphism between the Dutch elm disease vectors Scolytus laevis and Scolytus scolytus (Col., Scolytidae)
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 103:1-5, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The external differences between the well‐documented S. scolytus and the little studied S. laevis are clarified with the help of SEM micrographs of the frons and abdomen of both sexes of the two species. The convex frons of both male and female S. scolytus is densely covered with short hairs. S. laevis males have a flat frons with long hairs in a pair of bundles, whereas the females have a convex and nearly bald frons. Males of S. scolytus are readily distinguished from females by their long yellow tufts of hair on the anal segment. The pronotal width and elytron length are significantly larger for S. scolytus females than for males. In S. laevis males and females are of the same size but significantly smaller than S. scolytus. The difference between the species in inter‐sexual size variation and frontal hair cover suggests differences in their mating systems. Unterschiede in Morphologie und geschlechtsspezifischem Größendimorphismus zwischen Scolytus laevis und Scolytus scolytus (Col., Scolytidae), zwei Überträgern des Ulmensterben‐Erregers Äußere Unterschiede zwischen der gut untersuchten Art Scolytus scolytus und der bisher nur wenig beachteten Art S. laevis wurden mit Hilfe rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen von Frons und Abdomen beider Arten und Geschlechter dokumentiert. Die konvexe Stirn der S. scolytus‐Männchen und ‐Weibchen ist dicht mit kurzen Haaren bedeckt. S. laevis‐Männchen haben eine flache Stirn, mit langen, in zwei Büscheln angeordneten Haaren; die Weibchen dieser Art hingegen haben eine konvexe und beinahe kahle Stirn. S. scolytus‐Männchen unterscheiden sich durch lange, gelbe Haarbüschel auf dem Analsegment von den weiblichen Käfern, wobei zusätzlich deren Pronotum breiter und deren Flügeldecken signifikant länger sind als diejenigen der Männchen. S. laevis‐Männchen und ‐Weibchen sind gleich groß, aber signifikant kleiner als S. scolytus. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Arten hinsichtlich der geschlechtsspezifischen Größenvariation und der Stirnbehaarung lassen Unterschiede in ihrem Kopulationsverhalten vermuten. 1987 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
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| 2. |
- Anderbrant, O., et al.
(författare)
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Ecology of the Dutch elm disease vectors Scolytus laevis and S. scolytus ( Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in southern Sweden.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : JSTOR. - 0021-8901. ; 24:2, s. 539-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two rings of pheromone-baited sticky traps surrounded the elm wood at 20-300m and 1-2km outside the forest edge. Most Scolytus were caught at sites in the inner ring near the forest; <1% of the total were caught in the outer ring. Emergence from logs and trap catches showed a first peak in July. Flight activity was recorded from the end of May to September for both species. A 2nd peak of activity was evident in August in 2 of 3yr for S. scolytus.-from Authors
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| 4. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 11:1, s. 22-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychometric properties of the 11-item self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) were evaluated in a sample of heavy drug users from prison, probation, and inpatient detoxification settings, and in a general Swedish population sample. In the drug user sample, the DUDIT predicted drug dependence with a sensitivity of 90% for both DSM-4 and ICD-10 and a respective specificity of 78 and 88%. Reliability according to Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80. In the population sample, 3.1% scored positive on the DUDIT; T-score values are suggested. The DUDIT screens effectively for drug-related problems in clinically selected groups and may prove useful in the context of public health surveys.
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| 8. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between polysubstance use and psychiatric problems in a criminal justice population in Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 118:1, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Polysubstance use is common in substance users, and may complicate their clinical course. This study, in a criminal justice setting in Sweden, examines the association between the number of concurrently used substance types and psychiatric symptoms during 30 days before incarceration, while controlling for background variables such as family history (drug and alcohol problems, psychiatric problems, criminality), demographic data and history of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. METHODS: The data material comprised 5659 criminal justice clients reporting a substance use problem, examined with the Addiction Severity Index. Variables were compared in a multinomial regression analysis, comparing clients reporting one (n=1877), two (n=1408), three (n=956), four (n=443) and five or more (n=167) substance types. RESULTS: The 30-day prevalence of most psychiatric symptoms included in the study (depression, anxiety, cognitive problems, hallucinations, difficulty controlling violent behaviour, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts) was higher in individuals with a higher number of concurrent substance types used. In multinomial regression analysis, while controlling for background variables, these associations remained for concurrent suicidal ideation, cognitive problems, hallucinations and violent behaviour, with the latter two being associated with the higher numbers of substance types. Binge alcohol drinking, tranquilizers, opioids and the number of substance types reported were associated with several of the psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In the present criminal justice setting in Sweden, the use of multiple substance types and concurrent psychiatric symptoms appear to be associated, and a sub-group reporting particularly high numbers of concurrent substance types are particularly likely to report potentially severe psychiatric problems.
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| 9. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of primary amphetamine users in Sweden: a criminal justice population examined with the Addiction Severity Index.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 15:1, s. 10-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Characteristics of primary amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were compared in a criminal justice population. METHODS: 7,085 clients with suspected or reported substance use were studied using the Addiction Severity Index. Variables separating amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were analyzed in stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: There were considerably more primary amphetamine users (n = 1,396) than heroin (n = 392) and cocaine (n = 119) users. Amphetamine users were older, a more rural population, and less likely to be non-Nordic immigrants. Compared with heroin, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, memory/concentration problems, parental alcohol problems, and less history of other opioid use, overdose and detoxification. Compared with cocaine, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, injecting, tobacco and institution treatment. Overlap of drug use between groups was relatively uncommon. CONCLUSION: This pattern of amphetamine use, common among Swedish criminals, has relatively distinct boundaries from heroin and cocaine use, commonly involves injecting, and differs from other countries. Psychiatric problems and alcohol heredity were common, and evidence-based treatment for amphetamine users is needed. The connection between amphetamine use and criminal behavior is insufficiently understood and should be further addressed.
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| 10. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with history of non-fatal overdose among opioid users in the Swedish criminal justice system.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0046 .- 0376-8716. ; 94:1-3, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Overdose (OD) is a common cause of death in opioid users. Also, many current opioid users report a history of non-fatal OD. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with a history of non-fatal OD. METHODS: A sample of 7085 Swedish criminal justice clients with alcohol or drug misuse was assessed, using the Addiction Severity Index. Subjects reporting use of opioids during the 30 days prior to incarceration were included (n=1113). Relevant variables of misuse pattern, heredity, psychiatric symptoms and previous criminal charges were analysed in a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A history of non-fatal OD was reported by 55% (n=604). The estimated contribution to the variance in OD history was 25% for variables describing misuse pattern, compared to 10% for psychiatric symptoms, 8% for heredity, and 8% for previous criminal charges. The final model included the following variables: history of injection drug use (OR 3.28), history of heroin use (OR 2.87), history of suicide attempt (OR 1.92), history of tranquilliser use (OR 1.91), being born in Sweden or other Nordic countries (OR 1.74), difficulty in controlling violent behaviour (OR 1.68), and paternal alcohol problems (OR 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: Suicide attempts and difficulty in controlling violent behaviour were associated with history of non-fatal OD, independent of variables of misuse pattern. This may indicate a possible association with impulse control disturbances, and may have clinical applications. Country of birth and heredity of alcohol problems also had some influence. As expected, severity of misuse most strongly contributed to history of non-fatal OD.
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