| 1. |
- Allegrini, Andrea G, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene × Environment contributions to autonomic stress reactivity in youth
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 31:1, s. 293-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysregulated physiological stress reactivity has been suggested to impact the development of children and adolescents with important health consequences throughout the life span. Both environmental adversity and genetic predispositions can lead to physiological imbalances in stress systems, which in turn lead to developmental differences. We investigated genetic and environmental contributions to autonomic nervous system reactivity to a psychosocial stressor. Furthermore, we tested whether these effects were consistent with the differential susceptibility framework. Composite measures of adverse life events combined with socioeconomic status were constructed. Effects of these adversity scores in interaction with a polygenic score summarizing six genetic variants, which were hypothesized to work as susceptibility factors, were tested on autonomic nervous system measures as indexed by heart rate and heart rate variability. Results showed that carriers of more genetic variants and exposed to high adversity manifested enhanced heart rate variability reactivity to a psychosocial stressor compared to carriers of fewer genetic variants. Conversely, the stress procedure elicited a more moderate response in these individuals compared to carriers of fewer variants when adversity was low.
|
|
| 2. |
- Baker, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Resting heart rate and the development of antisocial behavior from age 9 to 14 : genetic and environmental influences
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 21:3, s. 939-960
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic and environmental basis of a well-replicated association between antisocial behavior (ASB) and resting heart rate was investigated in a longitudinal twin study, based on two measurements between the ages of 9 and 14 years. ASB was defined as a broad continuum of externalizing behavior problems, assessed at each occasion through a composite measure based on parent ratings of trait aggression, delinquent behaviors, and psychopathic traits in their children. Parent ratings of ASB significantly decreased across age from childhood to early adolescence, although latent growth models indicated significant variation and twin similarity in the growth patterns, which were explained almost entirely by genetic influences. Resting heart rate at age 9-10 years old was inversely related to levels of ASB but not change patterns of ASB across age or occasions. Biometrical analyses indicated significant genetic influences on heart rate during childhood, as well as ASB throughout development from age 9 to 14. Both level and slope variation were significantly influenced by genetic factors. Of importance, the low resting heart rate and ASB association was significantly and entirely explained by their genetic covariation, although the heritable component of heart rate explained only a small portion (1-4%) of the substantial genetic variance in ASB. Although the effect size is small, children with low resting heart rate appear to be genetically predisposed toward externalizing behavior problems as early as age 9 years old.
|
|
| 3. |
- Behnsen, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Heart rate (variability) and the association between relational peer victimization and internalizing symptoms in elementary school children
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 32:2, s. 521-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relational victimization typically emerges first during the elementary school period, and has been associated with increased levels of internalizing symptoms in children. Individual differences in autonomic nervous system functioning have been suggested as a potential factor linking social stressors and internalizing symptoms. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether heart rate and heart rate variability mediated the association between relational victimization and internalizing symptoms in 373 mainstream elementary school children. Children were assessed in 2015 (T 0 ; Grades 3-5, M age = 9.78 years, 51% boys) and reassessed in 2016 (T 1 ). Heart rate and heart rate variability were assessed during a regular school day at T 1 . A multi-informant (teacher and peer report) cross-time measure of relational victimization, and a multi-informant (self- and teacher report) measure of internalizing problems at T 1 was used. Results showed that heart rate variability, but not heart rate, mediated the association between relational victimization and internalizing symptoms. This study provides tentative support that in children from a general population sample, a psychobiological factor may mediate the association of relational victimization with internalizing symptoms.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergman, Lars R., et al.
(författare)
-
Types and continua in developmental psychopathology : problem behaviors in school and their relationship to later antisocial behavior
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 21:3, s. 975-992
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study of developmental psychopathology a dimensional, variable-oriented approach dominates over a typological approach. With the person-oriented research paradigm providing the metatheoretical framework, pros and cons of these two approaches are discussed, and it is pointed to different methodological realizations of the typological approach, and to the contexts where they might be appropriate. It is also pointed out that the two important and underused concepts of equifinality and multifinality with advantage can be incorporated in a person-oriented approach. An empirical example is given of the study of the structure of early adolescent problem behaviors and their relationship to later criminality where dimensional as well as typological analyses are carried out. The usefulness of the typological approach in studying the development and early manifestations of the personality disorder psychopathy is also discussed. It is concluded that the usefulness of a typological approach appears to be underestimated.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(författare)
-
Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy : Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 34:3, s. 1088-1103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bowen, Francois, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood internalizing problems : prediction from kindergarten, effect of maternal overprotectiveness, and sex differences
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 7:3, s. 481-498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Used kindergarten teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal, peer-rated popularity and shyness, and mother-rated adaptability to predict 5th-grade teacher-, peer-, and self-rated internalizing problems in 144 boys and 125 girls. The effect of maternal overprotectiveness (OP) as a moderator between kindergarten variables and 5th-grade outcomes was also examined. Kindergarten peer-rated low popularity was the best predictor of later internalizing problems for boys and girls, followed by peer-rated shyness for boys and teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal for girls. Moderating effects of maternal OP were found only for boys. Maternal OP moderated the relation between kindergarten popularity and teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal and 5th-grade teacher-rated anxiety-withdrawal for boys. Unpopular, anxious-withdrawn boys were more likely to be seen later by their teachers as anxious-withdrawn if their mothers were nonoverprotective.
|
|
| 7. |
- Carlsson, Torkel, et al.
(författare)
-
Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 33:4, s. 1448-1495
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are highly heritable, several environmental risk factors have also been suggested. However, the role of familial confounding is unclear. To shed more light on this, we reviewed the evidence from twin and sibling studies. A systematic review was performed on case control and cohort studies including a twin or sibling within-pair comparison of neurodevelopmental outcomes, with environmental exposures until the sixth birthday. From 7,315 screened abstracts, 140 eligible articles were identified. After adjustment for familial confounding advanced paternal age, low birth weight, birth defects, and perinatal hypoxia and respiratory stress were associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and low birth weight, gestational age and family income were associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), categorically and dimensionally. Several previously suspected factors, including pregnancy-related factors, were deemed due to familial confounding. Most studies were conducted in North America and Scandinavia, pointing to a global research bias. Moreover, most studies focused on ASD and ADHD. This genetically informed review showed evidence for a range of environmental factors of potential casual significance in NDDs, but also points to a critical need of more genetically informed studies of good quality in the quest of the environmental causes of NDDs.
|
|
| 8. |
- Chan, Elizabeth S. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Triarchic traits as risk versus protective factors for ADHD symptomatology : A prospective longitudinal investigation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; , s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with myriad adverse outcomes, including interpersonal difficulties, but factors that moderate the developmental course and functional impact of ADHD over time are not well understood. The present study evaluated developmental contributions of the triarchic neurobehavioral traits (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) to ADHD symptomatology and its subdimensions from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were twins and triplets assessed at ages 14, 17, and 19 (initial N = 1,185, 51.2% female). Path analyses using negative binomial regression revealed that boldness at age 14 was associated with more ADHD symptoms cross-sectionally (especially hyperactivity/impulsivity), but fewer symptoms (especially inattention) at age 19 in the prospective analysis. Notably, inclusion of interpersonal problems at ages 14 and 17 as covariates reduced the latter effect to nonsignificant. Disinhibition concurrently and prospectively predicted higher levels of ADHD symptoms, including both subdimensions, and the prospective effects were partially mediated by greater social impairment at age 17. Meanness prospectively (but not concurrently) predicted higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Sex moderated certain associations of meanness and disinhibition with ADHD symptoms. These findings highlight how fundamental neurobehavioral traits shape both psychopathology and adaptive outcomes in the developmental course of ADHD.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eley, TC, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal behavioral genetic analysis of the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 15:2, s. 383-402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental studies of antisocial behavior (ASB) have found two subgroups of behaviors, roughly described as aggressive and nonaggressive ASB. Theoretical accounts predict that aggressive ASB, which shows greater stability, should have high heritability. In contrast, nonaggressive ASB is very common in adolescence, shows less continuity, and should be influenced both by genes and shared environment. This study explored the genetic and environmental influences on aggressive and nonaggressive ASB in over 1,000 twin pairs aged 8–9 years and again at 13–14 years. Threshold models were fit to the data to incorporate the skew. In childhood, aggressive ASB was highly heritable and showed little influence of shared environment, whereas nonaggressive ASB was significantly influenced both by genes and shared environment. In adolescence, both variables were influenced both by genes and shared environment. The continuity in aggressive antisocial behavior symptoms from childhood to adolescence was largely mediated by genetic influences, whereas continuity in nonaggressive antisocial behavior was mediated both by the shared environment and genetic influences. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that aggressive ASB is a stable heritable trait as compared to nonaggressive behavior, which is more strongly influenced by the environment and shows less genetic stability over time.
|
|
| 10. |
- Euser, Anja S, et al.
(författare)
-
Blunted feedback processing during risky decision making in adolescents with a parental history of substance use disorders
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 25:4 Pt 1, s. 1119-1136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risky decision making, a hallmark phenotype of substance use disorders (SUD), is thought to be associated with deficient feedback processing. Whether these aberrations are present prior to SUD onset or reflect merely a consequence of chronic substance use on the brain remains unclear. The present study investigated whether blunted feedback processing during risky decision making reflects a biological predisposition to SUD. We assessed event-related potentials elicited by positive and negative feedback during performance of a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) among high-risk adolescents with a parental history of SUD (HR; n = 61) and normal-risk controls (NR; n = 91). HR males made significantly more risky and faster decisions during the BART than did NR controls. Moreover, HR adolescents showed significantly reduced P300 amplitudes in response to both positive and negative feedback as compared to NR controls. These differences were not secondary to prolonged substance use exposure. Results are discussed in terms of feedback-specific processes. Reduced P300 amplitudes in the BART may reflect poor processing of feedback at the level of overall salience, which may keep people from effectively predicting the probability of future gains and losses. Though conclusions are tentative, blunted feedback processing during risky decision making may represent a promising endophenotypic vulnerability marker for SUD.
|
|
| 11. |
- Frick, Matilda A., et al.
(författare)
-
Can reactivity and regulation in infancy predict inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior in 3-year-olds?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 31:2, s. 619-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A need to identify early infant markers of later occurring inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors has come to the fore in the current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder literature. The purpose of such studies is to identify driving mechanisms that could enable early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and thus facilitate early intervention. Here we study independent and interactive effects of cognitive regulation (inhibition and sustained attention), temperament (reactive and regulatory aspects), and maternal sensitivity (as external regulation) in a sample of 112 typically developing 10-month-old infants (59 boys, 52.7%), in relation to inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior at 3 years. The results showed that infant temperamental regulation and maternal sensitivity made independent contributions to both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, in that higher levels of temperamental regulation and maternal sensitivity were related to less inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior. In addition, the temperamental factor positive affectivity/surgency made a significant contribution to later hyperactivity/impulsivity, in that higher levels of positive affectivity/surgency were related to more hyperactive/impulsive behavior. No interaction effects were found. Our findings suggest temperament and parental regulation as potential and independent markers of later inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior.
|
|
| 12. |
- Grigorenko, Elena L., et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring interactive effects on genes and environments in etiology of individual differences in reading comprehension
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Development and Psychopathology. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 19:4, s. 1089-1103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is established that reading and reading-related processes are heritable; genes thus play an important role in the foundation of individual differences in reading. In this article, we focus on one facet of reading–comprehension. Comprehension is a higher order cognitive skill that requires many other cognitive processes for it to unfold completely and successfully. One such process is executive functioning, which has been associated with genetic variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Genotypes and haplotypes of four single nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT were investigated in 179 incarcerated adolescent delinquents. Four hierarchical logistic regression models predicting the presence/absence of comprehension difficulties were fitted to the data; genetic variation in COMT and the presence/absence of maternal rejection were investigated as main effects and as effects acting interactively. Three out of four interaction terms were found to be important predictors of individual differences in comprehension. These findings were supported by the results of the haplotype analyses, in which the four investigated polymorphisms were considered simultaneously.
|
|
| 13. |
- Kleberg, Johan L., et al.
(författare)
-
Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 33:3, s. 767-777
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n = 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal examination of mothers’ and fathers’ social information processing biases and harsh discipline in nine countries
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 26:3, s. 561-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined whether parents’ social information processing was related to their subsequent reports of their harsh discipline. Interviews were conducted with mothers (n = 1,277) and fathers (n = 1,030) of children in 1,297 families in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), initially when children were 7 to 9 years old and again 1 year later. Structural equation models showed that parents’ positive evaluations of aggressive responses to hypothetical childrearing vignettes at Time 1 predicted parents’ self-reported harsh physical and nonphysical discipline at Time 2. This link was consistent across mothers and fathers, and across the nine countries, providing support for the universality of the link between positive evaluations of harsh discipline and parents’ aggressive behavior toward children. The results suggest that international efforts to eliminate violence toward children could target parents’ beliefs about the acceptability and advisability of using harsh physical and nonphysical forms of discipline. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014.
|
|
| 15. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual, family, and culture level contributions to child physical abuse and neglect : A longitudinal study in nine countries.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 27:4 Pt 2, s. 1417-1428
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N = 1,418 families, M age of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estimated to examine predictors of (a) within-family differences across the three time points, (b) between-family within-culture differences, and (c) between-cultural group differences in mothers' and fathers' reports of corporal punishment and children's reports of their parents' neglect. These analyses addressed to what extent mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment and children's perceptions of their parents' neglect were predicted by parents' belief in the necessity of using corporal punishment, parents' perception of the normativeness of corporal punishment in their community, parents' progressive parenting attitudes, parents' endorsement of aggression, parents' education, children's externalizing problems, and children's internalizing problems at each of the three levels. Individual-level predictors (especially child externalizing behaviors) as well as cultural-level predictors (especially normativeness of corporal punishment in the community) predicted corporal punishment and neglect. Findings are framed in an international context that considers how abuse and neglect are defined by the global community and how countries have attempted to prevent abuse and neglect.
|
|
| 16. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E., et al.
(författare)
-
Parenting, culture, and the development of externalizing behaviors from age 7 to 14 in nine countries
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 30:SI, s. 1937-1958
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N = 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers' and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers' authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents' externalizing behavior.
|
|
| 17. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E, et al.
(författare)
-
Pre-pandemic psychological and behavioral predictors of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in nine countries.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; , s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents (N = 1,330; Mages = 15 and 16; 50% female), mothers, and fathers from nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, United States) reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescents completed a lab-based task to assess tendency for risk-taking, and adolescents reported on their well-being. During the pandemic, participants (Mage = 20) reported on changes in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use compared to before the pandemic. Across countries, adolescents' internalizing problems pre-pandemic predicted increased internalizing during the pandemic, and poorer well-being pre-pandemic predicted increased externalizing and substance use during the pandemic. Other relations varied across countries, and some were moderated by confidence in the government's handling of the pandemic, gender, and parents' education.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E., et al.
(författare)
-
Reward sensitivity, impulse control, and social cognition as mediators of the link between childhood family adversity and externalizing behavior in eight countries
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 20:5, s. 1675-1688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from 1,177 families in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), we tested a conceptual model of direct effects of childhood family adversity on subsequent externalizing behaviors as well as indirect effects through psychological mediators. When children were 9 years old, mothers and fathers reported on financial difficulties and their use of corporal punishment, and children reported perceptions of their parents' rejection. When children were 10 years old, they completed a computerized battery of tasks assessing reward sensitivity and impulse control and responded to questions about hypothetical social provocations to assess their hostile attributions and proclivity for aggressive responding. When children were 12 years old, they reported on their externalizing behavior. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that across all eight countries, childhood family adversity had direct effects on externalizing behaviors 3 years later, and childhood family adversity had indirect effects on externalizing behavior through psychological mediators. The findings suggest ways in which family-level adversity poses risk for children's subsequent development of problems at psychological and behavioral levels, situated within diverse cultural contexts.
|
|
| 19. |
- Larsson, Johannes, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Anger dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury during adolescence : A test of directionality
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been tied to several forms of emotional and behavioral dysregulation in adolescence, with less attention paid to regulation of anger. Most assume that anger dysregulation leads to engagement in NSSI, rather than the reverse. However, it is plausible that NSSI compromises adolescents’ abilities to regulate their emotions, including anger, because it may reduce the development of alternative regulatory strategies and intensify negative emotions by reducing tolerance of distress. Using three waves of data from a sample of adolescents in 17 Swedish schools (n = 1,304 M age = 13.68, SD age = .67; 89% of Swedish origin; 58% girls), we examined the directionality of ties between NSSI and three forms of anger dysregulation: dysregulated expressions of anger, anger suppression, and low anger reflection. We also looked for differences in magnitude of paths and gender differences. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that NSSI predicted changes in all forms of anger dysregulation but found no support for the opposite direction. Gender differences were not evident. Results challenge directionality assumptions and support suggestions that adolescents’ anger regulation degrades when they self-injure.
|
|
| 20. |
- O'Donnell, Deborah A, et al.
(författare)
-
The mediating role of alienation in the development of maladjustment in youth exposed to community violence.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 18:1, s. 215-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was conducted to determine predictors of high risk/delinquent behavior and psychoemotional maladjustment in 1,478 sixth and eighth graders who took part in a survey of high-risk and adaptive behaviors. The first goal was to determine the extent to which two distinct dimensions of alienation, normlessness, and isolation/self-estrangement mediated the emergence of maladjustment in youth exposed to community violence. The second goal was to distinguish between violence witnessing and violence victimization, and determine whether these subtypes of violence exposure may differentially affect the proposed mediational factors. The results indicated that normlessness partially mediated the relationship between violence exposure and high-risk/delinquent behavior and between violence exposure and psychoemotional maladjustment. Isolation/self-estrangement partially mediated the relation between violence exposure and psychoemotional maladjustment. Although witnessing of, and victimization by, violence were both significant predictors of normlessness, only violent victimization was significantly linked to isolation/self-estrangement. These results elucidate the mechanisms by which community violence exposure may exert negative influences on youth and suggest that there are distinct patterns of risk associated with different forms of exposure.
|
|
| 21. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential susceptibility effects of oxytocin gene (OXT) polymorphisms and perceived parenting on social anxiety among adolescents
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 30:2, s. 449-459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety is one of the most commonly reported mental health problems among adolescents, and it has been suggested that parenting style influences an adolescent's level of anxiety. A context-dependent effect of oxytocin on human social behavior has been proposed; however, research on the oxytocin gene (OXT) has mostly been reported without considering contextual factors. This study investigated the interactions between parenting style and polymorphic variations in the OXT gene in association with social anxiety symptoms in a community sample of adolescents (n = 1,359). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to OXT, rs4813625 and rs2770378, were genotyped. Social anxiety and perceived parenting style were assessed by behavioral questionnaires. In interaction models adjusted for sex, significant interaction effects with parenting style were observed for both variants in relation to social anxiety. The nature of the interactions was in line with the differential susceptibility framework for rs4813625, whereas for rs2770378 the results indicated a diathesis–stress type of interaction. The findings may be interpreted from the perspective of the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, with rs4813625 affecting social anxiety levels along a perceived unsafe–safe social context dimension.
|
|
| 22. |
- O'Reilly, Lauren, et al.
(författare)
-
Examining protective factors for substance use problems and self-harm behavior during adolescence : A longitudinal co-twin control study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 34, s. 1781-1802
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality are theorized to have protective effects on the developmental emergence of substance use and self-harm behavior in adolescence, but existing research has been mixed. This ambiguity could reflect, in part, the potential for confounding of observed associations by genetic and environmental factors, which previous research has been unable to rigorously rule out. We used data from the prospective, population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (n = 18,234 born 1994-2001) and applied a co-twin control design to account for potential genetic and environmental confounding of sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality (assessed at age 15) as presumed protective factors for adolescent substance use and self-harm behavior (assessed at age 18). While confidence intervals widened to include the null in numerous co-twin control analyses adjusting for childhood psychopathology, parent-reported sports participation and twin-reported positive friendship quality were associated with increased odds of alcohol problems and nicotine use. However, parent-reported sports participation, twin-reported physical activity, and twin-reported friendship quality were associated with decreased odds of self-harm behavior. The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the risks and benefits of putative protective factors for risky behaviors that emerge during adolescence.
|
|
| 23. |
- O'Reilly, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Examining protective factors for substance use problems and self-harm behavior during adolescence: A longitudinal co-twin control study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Development and Psychopathology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 34:5, s. 1781-1802
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality are theorized to have protective effects on the developmental emergence of substance use and self-harm behavior in adolescence, but existing research has been mixed. This ambiguity could reflect, in part, the potential for confounding of observed associations by genetic and environmental factors, which previous research has been unable to rigorously rule out. We used data from the prospective, population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (n = 18,234 born 1994-2001) and applied a co-twin control design to account for potential genetic and environmental confounding of sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality (assessed at age 15) as presumed protective factors for adolescent substance use and self-harm behavior (assessed at age 18). While confidence intervals widened to include the null in numerous co-twin control analyses adjusting for childhood psychopathology, parent-reported sports participation and twin-reported positive friendship quality were associated with increased odds of alcohol problems and nicotine use. However, parent-reported sports participation, twin-reported physical activity, and twin-reported friendship quality were associated with decreased odds of self-harm behavior. The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the risks and benefits of putative protective factors for risky behaviors that emerge during adolescence.
|
|
| 24. |
- Rothenberg, William Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
Examining effects of mother and father warmth and control on child externalizing and internalizing problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 32:3, s. 1113-1137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study used data from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States; N = 1,315) to investigate bidirectional associations between parental warmth and control, and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, the extent to which these associations held across mothers and fathers and across cultures with differing normative levels of parent warmth and control were examined. Mothers, fathers, and children completed measures when children were ages 8 to 13. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that evocative child-driven effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior on warmth and control are ubiquitous across development, cultures, mothers, and fathers. Results also reveal that parenting effects on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, though rarer than child effects, extend into adolescence when examined separately in mothers and fathers. Father-based parent effects were more frequent than mother effects. Most parent- and child-driven effects appear to emerge consistently across cultures. The rare culture-specific parenting effects suggested that occasionally the effects of parenting behaviors that run counter to cultural norms may be delayed in rendering their protective effect against deleterious child outcomes. © 2019 Cambridge University Press.
|
|
| 25. |
- Rothenberg, W Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
How adolescents' lives were disrupted over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic : A longitudinal investigation in 12 cultural groups in 9 nations from March 2020 to July 2022.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; , s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear how much adolescents' lives were disrupted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic or what risk factors predicted such disruption. To answer these questions, 1,080 adolescents in 9 nations were surveyed 5 times from March 2020 to July 2022. Rates of adolescent COVID-19 life disruption were stable and high. Adolescents who, compared to their peers, lived in nations with higher national COVID-19 death rates, lived in nations with less stringent COVID-19 mitigation strategies, had less confidence in their government's response to COVID-19, complied at higher rates with COVID-19 control measures, experienced the death of someone they knew due to COVID-19, or experienced more internalizing, externalizing, and smoking problems reported more life disruption due to COVID-19 during part or all of the pandemic. Additionally, when, compared to their typical levels of functioning, adolescents experienced spikes in national death rates, experienced less stringent COVID-19 mitigation measures, experienced less confidence in government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, complied at higher rates with COVID-19 control measures, experienced more internalizing problems, or smoked more at various periods during the pandemic, they also experienced more COVID-19 life disruption. Collectively, these findings provide new insights that policymakers can use to prevent the disruption of adolescents' lives in future pandemics.
|
|
| 26. |
- Silva, Teresa C, et al.
(författare)
-
The moderating role of parenting on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior in adolescence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 28:2, s. 505-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to analyze the impact of several parenting factors on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Nine hundred youths and their mothers reported on parent–youth interactions, and youth self-report measures of psychopathy, delinquency and violent behavior were taken. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of interactions between parenting and psychopathy scores. In terms of delinquency, linear interactions between psychopathy and the level of conflict with parents and parents’ knowledge of their youths’ whereabouts/youths’ willingness to disclose information were found based on the data reported by the youths. Data reported by mothers indicated a linear interaction between psychopathy and parents’ knowledge/youth disclosure, and a quadratic interaction of conflict with parents. For violence, we used logistic regression models to analyze moderation. No interaction effectsbetween psychopahy scores and parenting factorswere found.Youths’ reports of high conflict with parents and parents’ knowledge/youth disclosure showed to have an impact on violence regardless of the level of psychopathic traits. Implications for the prevention and treatment are discussed.
|
|
| 27. |
- Skoog, Therése, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of relational support in the longitudinal links between adolescent sexual harassment victimization and psychological health
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 33:4, s. 1368-1380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The links between sexual harassment victimization and aspects of psychopathology are well-established in adolescent research, but whether sexual harassment victimization undermines positive aspects of psychological health and the moderating role of relational support in the link between sexual harassment victimization and psychological ill-health remains unknown. Using a cross-lagged model, we examined (a) the bidirectional and longitudinal links between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health (emotional problems and well-being) and (b) the moderating role of relational support from parents, teachers, and peers (best friends and classmates) in the link between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health. We used two waves of self-reported data (separated by 1 year) from 676 Swedish adolescents (50% female; mean age = 13.85 years at the point of first data collection). Controlling for the effects of gender and subjective socioeconomic status, the cross-lagged model revealed that sexual harassment predicted emotional problems positively and well-being negatively. Moreover, well-being predicted sexual harassment negatively. Relational support from classmates moderated the link in the direction from sexual harassment victimization to emotional problems. Relational support did not moderate the link to well-being. The findings provide new and important insights into the role of sexual harassment victimization in adolescent psychological adjustment and potential approaches to intervention.
|
|
| 28. |
- Stattin, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Antisocial development : a holistic approach
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 8, s. 617-645
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examine issues related to the development of antisocial behavior, using data from three ongoing Swedish longitudinal projects. A correlational strategy is contrasted with a configurational approach. The correlational analyses reveal quite high temporal rank-order stabilities of behavioral problems, for both sexes, and also long-term statistical connections between childhood problems and adolescent and adult adjustment problems. However, these associations are of a modest size. This is to be expected in view of the operation of processes of a more temporary nature and of the timing of adjustment problems. It is argued here that a configurational approach, simultaneously taking into consideration relevant aspects of the individuals' risk panorama, offers a perspective on developmental pathways that is not provided by common multivariate approaches. Results from this more personcentered approach show the strong impact of adolescent multirisk patterns on future criminality and on drug and alcohol abuse. Findings also reveal that individual personal resources in adolescence may quite strongly reduce the risk of developing future criminality and drug and alcohol abuse for multiproblem individuals.
|
|
| 29. |
- Stattin, Håkan, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between maternal attributes in the early life of the child and the child's future criminal behavior
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 2:2, s. 99-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship of various personality and behavior describing characteristics of the mother in earliest childhood (ages 1–3) and in later childhood (ages 6–8) to the child's registered criminality up to the age of 30 was investigated for a sample of 122 males. Maternal attributes were rated by psychologists and nurses. Canonical correlations, measuring the relationship between the set of maternal attributes in young age of the child and the future registered criminality of the subjects, were in the magnitudes of .40 to .50. Both in early and in later childhood, mother's mood and her perceived maturity were attributes that, controlled for socioeconomic status of the home and mother's age, were significantly related to the child's future criminal behavior. In addition, mother's affective attitude in later childhood was significantly related to registered crime among the subjects. The change in prognostic power of maternal attributes from early to later childhood was discussed.
|
|
| 30. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychopathic personality development from ages 9 to 18 : genes and environment
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - New York : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 28:1, s. 27-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences was examined in initial level and change in psychopathic personality from ages 9 to 18 years. A piecewise growth curve model, in which the first change score (G(1)) influenced all ages (9-10, 11-13, 14-15, and 16-18 years) and the second change score (G(2)) only influenced ages 14-15 and 16-18 years, fit the data better did than the standard single slope model, suggesting a turning point from childhood to adolescence. The results indicated that variations in levels and both change scores were mainly due to genetic (A) and nonshared environmental (E) influences (i.e., AE structure for G(0), G(1), and G(2)). No sex differences were found except on the mean values of level and change scores. Based on caregiver ratings, about 81% of variance in G(0), 89% of variance in G(1), and 94% of variance in G(2) were explained by genetic factors, whereas for youth self-reports, these three proportions were 94%, 71%, and 66%, respectively. The larger contribution of genetic variance and covariance in caregiver ratings than in youth self-reports may suggest that caregivers considered the changes in their children to be more similar as compared to how the children viewed themselves.
|
|
| 31. |
- Wang, Pan, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic covariance between psychopathic traits and anticipatory skin conductance responses to threat : evidence for a potential endophenotype
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 27:4, s. 1313-1322
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic architecture of the association between psychopathic traits and reduced skin conductance responses (SCRs) is poorly understood. By using 752 twins aged 9–10 years, this study investigated the heritability of two SCR measures (anticipatory SCRs to impending aversive stimuli and unconditioned SCRs to the aversive stimuli themselves) in a countdown task. The study also investigated the genetic and environmental sources of the covariance between these SCR measures and two psychopathic personality traits: impulsive/disinhibited (reflecting impulsive–antisocial tendencies) and manipulative/deceitful (reflecting the affective–interpersonal features). For anticipatory SCRs, 27%, 14%, and 59% of the variation was due to genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental effects, respectively, while the percentages for unconditioned SCRs were 44%, 2%, and 54%. The manipulative/deceitful (not impulsive/disinhibited) traits were negatively associated with both anticipatory SCRs (r¼–.14,p,.05) and unconditioned SCRs (r¼–.17,p,.05) in males only, with the former association significantly accounted for by genetic influences (rg¼–.72). Reduced anticipatory SCRs representa candidate endophenotype for the affective–interpersonal facets of psychopathic traits in males.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950
(författare)
-
Neurodevelopmental processes and psychological functioning in autism.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Development and Psychopathology. - 0954-5794. ; 11:3, s. 567-587
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is a developmental disorder with variable severity, occurring at all levels of cognitive ability and having a number of slightly different clinical presentations. It is associated with neuropsychological deficits that occur in other conditions also, but its pattern may be specific to autism. Genetic and environmental early insults to brain development are etiological determinants of the disorder. Brain circuitries important for social, communicative, and integrational purposes have been suggested to be dysfunctional in autism. There could be at least two different pathways to autism, one connected with primary temporofrontal dysfunction (and late prenatal–early postnatal origins) and another linked to primary brain-stem dysfunction (and early prenatal origins). Further study of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological processes in autism will help elucidate not only the pathological mechanisms involved in the specific syndromes but also the underpinnings of normal brain development.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
-
Young men's behavioral competencies and risk of alcohol use disorder in emerging adulthood : Early protective effects of parental education
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and Psychopathology. - 0954-5794. ; 33:1, s. 135-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how early exposure to parental externalizing behaviors (EB) may contribute to development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in young adulthood, testing a developmental cascade model focused on competencies in three domains (academic, conduct, and work) in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and examining whether high parental education can buffer negative effects of parental EB and other early risk factors. We use data from 451,054 Swedish-born men included in the national conscript register. Structural equation models showed parental EB was associated with academic and behavioral problems during adolescence, as well as with lower resilience, more criminal behavior, and reduced social integration during emerging adulthood. These pathways led to elevated rates of AUD in emerging and young adulthood. Multiple groups analysis showed most of the indirect pathways from parental EB to AUD were present but buffered by higher parental education, suggesting early life experiences and competencies matter more for young men from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families than from higher SES families. Developmental competencies in school, conduct, and work are important precursors to the development of AUD by young adulthood that are predicted by parental EB. Occupational success may be an overlooked source of resilience for young men from low-SES families.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Leijten, Patty, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-occurring change in children's conduct problems and maternal depression: Latent class individual participant data meta-analysis of the Incredible Years parenting program.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology. - 1469-2198. ; 31:Special Issue 5, s. 1851-1862
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children vary in the extent to which they benefit from parenting programs for conduct problems. How does parental mental health change if children benefit less or more? We assessed whether changes in conduct problems and maternal depressive symptoms co-occur following participation in the Incredible Years parenting program. We integrated individual participant data from 10 randomized trials (N = 1280; children aged 2-10 years) and distinguished latent classes based on families' baseline and post-test conduct problems and maternal depressive symptoms, using repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA). Classes differed mainly in severity of conduct problems and depression (RMLCA; 4 classes). Conduct problems reduced in all classes. Depressive symptoms did not change in most classes, except in a class of families where conduct problems and depression were particularly severe. Incredible Years led to a greater likelihood of families with particularly severe conduct problems and depression moving to a class with mild problems (LTA; 3 classes). Our findings suggest that for the majority of families, children's conduct problems reduce, but maternal depressive symptoms do not, suggesting relative independence, with the exception of families with severe depression and severe conduct problems where changes for the better do co-occur.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Zambrana, Imac Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Preterm birth and risk for language delays before school entry: A sibling-control study.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Development and psychopathology. - 1469-2198. ; 33:1, s. 47-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Participants included 26,769 siblings born between gestational weeks 23 and 42. Language delay was assessed when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. To adjust for familial risk factors, comparisons were conducted between preterm and full-term siblings. Pregnancy-specific risk factors were controlled for by means of observed variables. Findings showed that preterm children born before week 37 had increased risk for language delays at 1.5 years. At 3 and 5 years, only children born before week 34 had increased risk for language delay. Children born weeks 29-33 and before week 29 had increased risk for language delay at 1.5 years (RR = 4.51, 95% CI [3.45, 5.88]; RR = 10.32, 95% CI [6.7, 15.80]), 3 years (RR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.02, 2.21]; RR = 2.78, 95% CI [1.09, 7.07]), and 5 years (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.06, 2.51]; RR = 2.98, 95% CI [0.87, 10.26]), respectively. In conclusion, children born preterm are at risk for language delays, with familial confounders only explaining a moderate share of the association. This suggests a cause-effect relationship between early preterm birth and risk for language delay in preschool children.
|
|
| 44. |
- Nilsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of complementary and alternative medicine remedies in Sweden. A population-based longitudinal study within the northern Sweden MONICA Project. Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 250:3, s. 225-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) remedies in Anglo-Saxon countries. We have explored the use of CAM remedies in Sweden, its distribution in different population groups and time trends during the years 1990-99. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Within the framework of the population-based northern Sweden Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Project, randomly selected 25-74-year-old participants in risk factor surveys performed in 1990, 1994 and 1999 responded to questions about their use of CAM remedies. The participation rate was 72%. RESULTS: Amongst 5794 respondents in the 1999 survey, 30.5% reported that they had taken a CAM product (vitamins, minerals or biological CAM remedy) in the preceding 2 weeks. Vitamins/minerals only had been taken by 11.7% and other CAM remedies (dominated by fish oil, ginseng and Q10) with or without vitamins/minerals by 18.8%. Use of CAM remedies was more frequent in women than in men and more frequent in people with high than with low level of education. The prevalence was unrelated to a history of severe cardiovascular disease or diabetes but significantly more common in subjects with poor self-perceived health, particularly so in women. During 1990-99, the use of CAM remedies increased, more in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CAM remedy use (other than vitamins and minerals) is high in Sweden. It has been increasing during the 1990s. Its use is particularly common in women, well-educated people and in those with poor self-perceived health.
|
|
