| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Al-Najjar, Basim, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Selecting the Most Efficient Maintenance Approach Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 84:1, s. 85-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the most popular maintenance approaches, i.e. strategies, policies, or philosophies, using a fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) evaluation methodology. We illustrate with two examples how the suggested evaluation methodology identifies the most informative approach. Using the fuzzy MCDM, it would be possible to select in advance, the most informative (efficient) maintenance approach. Consequently, this leads to less planned replacements, and failures would be reduced to approximately zero and higher utilization of component life can be achieved. Thus, the maintenance department could contribute more to the business objectives throughout participating effectively in adding value to the production activities.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin
(författare)
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Older People in Persistent Pain : Nursing and Paramedical Staff Perceptions and Pain Management
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 41:6, s. 575-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Persistent pain is a common problem for older people. Knowledge about how nursing and paramedical staff perceive these people and what they do to relieve the pain seems scarce. Aim. To explore nursing and paramedical staff perceptions of older people in persistent pain and their day-to-day management of pain. Methods. Interviews in Swedish with 52 nursing auxiliaries, Registered Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were collected from February to May 2000. The analysis was based on their stories (n = 150) about older people in persistent pain who received help in their own homes or in special accommodation. A typology of staff perceptions of pain in older people was developed. Activities to manage pain were examined using content analysis. Results. Respondents perceived the pain as real, exaggerated, trivial, care-related, endured, concealed, self-caused or inarticulate. Older people perceived as exaggerating the pain, those with care-related and self-caused pain evoked frustration in the staff, while those perceived as enduring their pain evoked satisfaction. Various strategies to manage pain were used: no activity, medication, mediating contacts, distracting activities, physical therapies, mobility, work in a gentle way, rest or relieving pressure on body part, and communication concerning pain. The activities differed between the types, as well as between staff with different professional backgrounds. Conclusion. Care and treatment provided by staff should be based on older people's needs rather than on staff attitudes and preferences. The typology revealed that staff perceived older people in pain as a heterogeneous group and that their perceptions affected the pain-relieving activities that were offered. It seems urgent to address how to handle pain in older people who never complain and those who complain a great deal, as well as how to handle pain in people with impaired communicative ability. Reflective discussions on feelings related to different individuals are needed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Cijvat, Pieternella, et al.
(författare)
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A fully integrated 2.45 GHz 0.25 mu m CMOS power amplifier
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, ICECS 2003.. - : IEEE Press. - 0780381637 ; , s. 1094-1097
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully integrated differential class-AB power amplifier has been designed in a 0.25 um CMOS technology. It is intended for medium output power ranges such as Bluetooth class 1, and has an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. By using two parallel output stages that can be switched on or off, a high efficiency can be achieved for both high and low output power levels. The simulated maximum output power is 22.7 dBm, while the maximum power-added efficiency is 22%.
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| 6. |
- Dahlblom, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Software for Numerical Simulation of Drying Induced Deformation of Wooden Products
- 2003
-
Ingår i: 8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference. - : TRANSILVANIA University of Brasov, Faculty of Wood Industry. - 973635198X ; , s. 45-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously developed computational model for 3D finite element simulations of wood during moisture changes is in the present work provided with a special-purpose graphical user interface. The software is designed to use a personal computer for the graphical user interface and to have possibility to use distributed computational resources for the simulation.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Elg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Inclusion of Female PhD Students in Academia: A Case Study of a Swedish University Department
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 10:2, s. 154-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article introduces a framework for understanding women's entry into the academic world and how it interacts with internal departmental structures and practices. It presents three specific strategies applied by a group of women to gain a doctorate and acceptance in their department. Few previous studies have stressed women's strategies to cope with the organizational setting in academia. The article draws on previous research on women in academia and how organizational characteristics influence women's careers. It is based on a case study of a Swedish university department. Sweden is often recognized for creating favourable working conditions for women. Yet the Swedish academic world is very male-dominated at the top and even the medium level. It is also more common than in many other Western countries that academics stay on at the department where they graduated. Therefore, a PhD is often a first step in a career within that department.
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| 9. |
- Finnbogadottir, Hafrún, et al.
(författare)
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Expectant first-time fathers’ experiences of pregnancy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 19:2, s. 96-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to describe first-time-expectant fathers’ experiences of pregnancy.Design: an inductive method using narrative interview formand qualitative content textanalysis.The text of the transcriptswas coded and categorised.Settings and participants: seven first-time-expectant fathers living in a multicultural industrial town in southern Sweden were interviewed individually when their partner was in the 38th to 39thweek of pregnancy.Measurements and findings: all the fathers-to-be experienced some psychological, socialand/or physical change during the pregnancy. The main category, was ‘time of transition’. Eight categories were found under this. They were: ‘feelings of unreality, ‘insufficiency and inadequacy’, ‘exclusion’, ‘reality’, ‘social changes’, ‘physical changes’, ‘responsibility, and development’.Key conclusion: the fathers’-to-be special needs for support and encouragement durin gpregnancymay be as important as those of the mothers’-to-be. The caregiver needs to be as aware of and sensitive to these needs. However, before any interventions can be recommendedmore research is needed.
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| 10. |
- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial Treatment for Drug Dependence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Treating Alcohol and Drug Abuse - An evidence based review. - : Treating Alcohol and Drug Abuse - An evidence based review John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 9783527306824 ; , s. 325-404
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All randomized controlled studies published in international peer-reviewed journals up to July 1999 were meta-analysed with the aim of studying the effect of psychosocial interventions on patients with drug dependence. Systematic literature searches were administered by SBU. In all 104 studies were screened and rated according to the 12 dimension quality score of SBU. The analyses in the chapter studied the effects on drug abuse and retention and aimed at specific domains of research; 1) efficacy of treatment of opiate abuse/ depen¬dence (n=24) containing 5.721 patients, 2) of cocaine abuse/dependence, 26 studies with 5.956 patients), 3) cannabis abuse, (7 studies with 707 patients), 4) of treatment methods for patients with mental illness and (9 studies), 5) residential treatment containing 9 studies and 4.867 patients, 6) finally for structure interventions with other outcome measures than drug use, 5 studies with 461 patients. A clinical methodological model elaborated from Wolberg´s (1988) classification, divided the interventions into three groups: ranging in therapist skills, goals and costs from a) supportive, b) reeducational to c) psychotherapeutic intervenetions. Effect sizes were calcylated using Hedge´s d and groups of interventions were weighted with the root of the variance. In opiate abuse re-educational and psycho-therapeutic interventions had a significant but low Wd of .23 and .29 respectively. Re-educational interventions only gained a significant but low effect size of Wd = .24 in treatment of cocaine abuse. Family therapies finally were efficient in the treatment of teenage cannabis abusers in with an intact family network. Supportive interventions, generally, were not effective. For retention as outcome measure, finally, psychotherapies had a significant medium effect size in retention of opiate abuse (Wd= .56, n=3.380) and a low but significant positive effect size in retention of cocaine abuse (Wd= .30, n=3.381).
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Heating Detached Houses in Urban Areas
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 28:8, s. 851-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- District heating systems using cogeneration, as well as local fuel-based and electric heating systems for detached houses, are analysed. The analysis includes the whole energy system, from the natural resource to the end user, with respect to primary energy use, emission and cost. The end-use technologies studied are heat pumps, resistance heaters and boilers. It was assumed that the base-load electricity, except for the cogenerated electricity, was produced in stand-alone power plants using wood chips or natural gas, while peak-load electricity and fuel used for transportation were produced from crude oil. The heat pump and district heating systems are found to be most energy efficient, followed by the local fuel-based systems. The wood-fuel-based systems emit about one tenth of the greenhouse gases emitted by the natural-gas-based systems. The sulphur and nitrogen oxide emission, however, is higher for wood-fuel-based systems. Systems based on natural gas are less expensive than the corresponding wood-fuel-based systems. Decarbonization and carbon dioxide sequestration, however, do not reduce the carbon dioxide emission to the low level of the wood-fuel-based systems and, in addition, make the natural-gas-based systems more expensive than the wood-fuel-based systems.
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| 14. |
- Hernandez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Salmonella birds migrating through Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta, GA, United States : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 9 (6)
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johannesson, Björn
(författare)
-
A theoretical model describing diffusion of a mixture of different types of ions in pore solution of concrete coupled to moisture transport
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846 .- 1873-3948. ; 33:4, s. 481-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical model is established for diffusion of different types of ions in pore solution of concrete and the coupling to moisture flow and moisture content. Mass exchanges between ions in pore solution and solid hydration products in the concrete are also considered. The basic concepts behind the so-called mixture theory are used. The development of a mass balance principle for ions in pore solution is established. This principle accounts for (i) diffusion caused by concentration gradients of ions and gradients of the so-called internal electrical potential, (ii) convection, i.e. the effect on the motion of ions due to a motion of the pore solution in concrete, (iii) the effect on the concentration due to changes in the moisture content, and finally, (iv) the effect of mass exchange of ions between solid hydration products and the bore solution phase. The model is general in the sense that all different types of ions appearing in pore solution phase can-be included and computed for during quite arbitrary boundary conditions.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Bengt
(författare)
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Improved Models for DC-DC Converters
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To obtain high performance control of a dc-dc converter, a good model of the converter is needed. It is suitable to consider the load to be included in the converter model since it usually affects the dynamics. The load is often the most variable part of this system. If the load current and the output voltage are measured there are good possibilities to obtain a good model of the load on-line. Adaptive control can then be applied to improve the control. In peak current-mode control, the output voltage and the inductor current are measured and utilized by the controller. This thesis analyses some properties that can be obtained if the load current is also measured and utilized for control. Accurate expressions for the control-to-output transfer function, the output impedance, and the audio susceptibility are derived for the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters operated in continuous conduction mode in the case where the load is a linear resistor. If the measured load current is utilized properly by the controller, the output impedance becomes low and the control-to-output transfer function becomes almost invariant for different loads. The use of load current acts as a feedforward term if the load is a current source. However, if the load is a resistor the load current is influenced by changes in the output voltage and the stability is affected. Therefore, the use of load current is not a feedforward action in this case. Instead it can be seen as gain scheduling, which can be considered a special case of adaptive control. In the thesis it is also shown that the two published models for currentmode control, Ridley (1991) and Tan and Middlebrook (1995), give accurate expressions for the control-to-output transfer function and the output impedance but not for the audio susceptibility. A novel model for the audio susceptibility is presented and it is used to improve the two published models. Most of the results in the thesis are validated by comparing the frequency responses predicted by the expressions and switched large-signal simulation models.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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External Costs and Taxes in Heat Supply System
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 31:14, s. 1541-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systems approach was used to compare different heating systems from a consumer perspective. The whole energy system was considered from natural resources to the required energy services. District heating, electric heat pumps, electric boilers, natural-gas-, oil- or pellet-fired local boilers were considered when supplying heat to a detached house. The district heat production included wood-chip-fired and natural-gas-fired cogeneration plants. Electricity other than cogenerated electricity was produced in wood-chip- and natural-gas-fired stand-alone power plants. The analysis includes four tax scenarios, as well as the external cost of environmental and health damage arising from energy conversion emission based on the ExternE study of the European Commission. The most cost efficient systems were the natural-gas and oil boiler systems, followed by the heat pump and district heating systems, when the external cost and taxes were excluded. When including the external costs of CO2 emission, the wood-fuel-based systems were much more cost efficient than the fossil-fuel-based systems, also when CO2 capture and storage were applied. The external costs are, however, highly uncertain. Taxes steer towards lowering energy use and lowering CO2 emission if they are levied solely on all the fossil-fuel-related emission and fuel use in the systems. If consumer electricity and heat taxes are used, the taxes have an impact on the total cost, regardless of the fuel used, thereby benefiting fuel-based local heating systems. The heat pump systems were the least affected by taxes, due to their high energy efficiency. The electric boiler systems were the least cost efficient systems, also when the external cost and taxes were included.
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| 20. |
- Legrand, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
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Allelopathy in phytoplankton – biochemical, ecological and evolutionary aspects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Phycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-8884 .- 2330-2968. ; 42:4, s. 406-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is considered self-evident that chemical interactions are a component of competition in terrestrial systems, but they are largely unknown in aquatic systems. In this review, we propose that chemical interactions, specifically allelopathy, are an important part of phytoplankton competition. Allelopathy, as defined here, applies only to the inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites produced by one species on the growth or physiological function of another phytoplankton species. A number of approaches are used to study allelopathy, but there is no standard methodology available. One of the methods used is cross-culturing, in which the cell-free filtrate of a donor alga is added to the medium of the target species. Another is to study the effect of cell extracts of unknown constituents, isolated exudates or purified allelochemicals on the growth of other algal species. There is a clear lack of controlled field experiments because few allelochemicals have been identified. Molecular methods will be important in future to study the expression and regulation of allelochemicals. Most of the identified allelochemicals have been described for cyanobacteria but some known toxins of marine dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria also have an allelochemical effect. The mode of action of allelochemicals spans a wide range. The most common effect is to cause cell lysis, blistering, or growth inhibition. The factors that affect allelochemical production have not been studied much, although nutrient limitation, pH, and temperature appear to have an effect. The evolutionary aspects of allelopathy remain largely unknown, but we hypothesize that the producers of allelochemicals should gain a competitive advantage over other phytoplankton. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using allelochemicals to combat harmful algal blooms (HABs). Allelopathic agents are used for biological control in agriculture, e.g. green manures to control soil diseases in Australia, but they have not yet been applied in the context of HABs. We suggest that phytoplankton allelochemicals have the potential for management of HABs in localized areas.
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| 21. |
- Lindström, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes towards Sustainable Development. Priorities, Responsibility, Empowerment
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The UN conference in Rio on Environment and Development in 1992 was the starting point for the local Agenda 21 work and several Swedish municipalities began their local Agenda 21 processes in 1993. This thesis aims at investigating how people perceive sustainable development in four Swedish municipalities. What is important and who is responsible? Individual influence and strategies for implementation, feelings of empowerment as well as the connection between personality and environmental concern, were analysed. Based on the Agenda 21 document, 20 statements including social, environmental and participation-/implementation issues, were developed. 160 persons (politicians, officials, environmental representatives and the public) were interviewed in four municipalities in the south east of Sweden. The respondents were asked to sort the statements according to the importance to family, municipality and world, and to the responsibility of the individual, local politicians and governments, EU and UN. The results showed that sustainable development issues were experienced as more important to the world than to the municipality or to the family, and that people felt worried and anxious when they were facing global problems. Most important were clean air, protecting fresh water, and health. What was important to the family was also perceived as important to the world however the connection to issues important in the municipalities was much less pronounced. The responsibility for sustainable development was mostly allocated to governments and global organizations, whereas the individual responsibility was perceived as low. Although the municipalities used information, education and local projects in order to increase the awareness, the public felt less individual responsibility and less influence than the other groups. Environmental concern was investigated among childcare personnel, who perceived their influence on environmental issues to be small. Still they felt that their actions would be meaningful if only they were provided with a scope of action and the possibility to influence. To increase the feelings of empowerment and improve the understanding of the global situation, more international co-operation projects on the local level are suggested. It is important to make local problems visible and explain the connection to global issues. If people were to perceive more control the prerequisites for treating problems in a constructively way might increase considerably.
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| 22. |
- Moradi, Farokhbag, et al.
(författare)
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Deactivation of oxidation and SCR catalysts used in flue gas cleaning by exposure to aerosols of high- and low melting point salts, potassium salts and zinc chloride
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. - : Elsevier. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 46:1, s. 65-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the purpose of this deactivation study, Pt- and vanadia supported catalysts were used. The catalysts have been exposed to aerosol particles of inorganic salts, with high- or low melting points. The average diameter of the generated salt particle was kept constant at around 70 nm. The aerosol particle penetration depth for the samples exposed to potassium salt, was 1 μm as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corresponding depth for zinc chloride salt (ZnCl2) was 5 μm. In order to validate the dependency of the catalytic decay rate to exposure temperature, Pt/wire-mesh catalyst was treated with potassium chloride at two temperatures, namely 300 and 500 °C. Pt/supported catalyst was also treated with ZnCl2 salt at 190 and 300 °C. The extent of decay was tested in the oxidation of CO for particle treated Pt/wire-mesh samples. The degree of the deactivation for the aerosol particle deactivated vanadia supported catalysts were also examined in the reduction of NOx. When the Pt/wire-mesh catalyst have been exposed to the poisons aerosol particles at higher temperature lead to the strongest deactivation in the CO oxidation. The Pt-supported catalysts that were treated with aerosol particles from potassium carbonate and potassium sulphate revealed a minor deactivation in the CO oxidation reaction. No significant deactivation was observed for the salt treated vanadia supported monolith samples used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR). A slight pronunced deactivation effect appeared when the vanadia supported wire-mesh catalysts were salt treated. Generally, the obtained results in this study do not indicate any correlation between the salt melting point and the degree of catalytic decay. The obtained results indicate that the exposure temperature during the deactivation procedure is the most critical parameter. Also, the higher the exposing temperature the stronger deactivated sample is produced.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Nilson, Maria
(författare)
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Att förhålla sig till moderniteten : en studie i Gertrud Liljas författarskap
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to present and discuss the author Gertrud Lilja with a special focus on her relationship to modernity from a feminist perspective. In the 1920s Lilja was regarded as an interesting and promising author. Ten years later she was seen as a conservative and popular author who wrote mainly for women. As this is the first published thesis that discusses Gertrud Lilja it focuses both on her life, her financial situation and her relationship with her publishers in order to be able to discuss Lilja’s place on the Swedish literary field and on her texts, as I give alternative readings of her novels. Discussing Lilja’s place on the Swedish literary field Pierre Bourdieus theory of cultural capital and habitus are important tools. Lilja made her debut in the 1920s and had then, despite her lack of formal education, despite her rural background and despite her gender, a rather strong cultural capital and was both well received by contemporary critics and was well looked after by her publishers. In the years that followed Lilja lost a great deal of her capital. Her publishers wanted her to write less complicated novels for women, she needed money and wrote a number of short stories for magazines, and the field in itself changed as modernism began grow stronger. Lilja’s text were seen more and more as old fashioned and conservative and she was seen as a popular writer and an uninteresting one. I argue that Gertrud Lilja should be seen as a middlebrow author, a realistic author that has popular elements in her texts. Middlebrow has always been problematic and shunned by many critics and read as simply popular literature. Being a middlebrow author makes is difficult to be taken seriously and Lilja’s critique of her contemporary society and her rather radical critique of a patriarchal religion has not been addressed. Discussing modernity from a feminist perspective and questioning the idea of what it is to be modern, who can be modern and what it means to be conservative, I argue that simply saying that Lilja was a conservative author is not enough. In some ways she gives in her texts a rather harsh criticism of the new and modern society that grow stronger during the 1930-40s, but she also in some ways embraces modernity in her critique of the “good old days” and of the patriarchal religion. Reading Lilja’s texts in dialogue with , for example, the ongoing discussion of women’s new role in society, of sexuality, of religion, images of God and the need for a new kind of church I argue that Lilja shows a great deal of ambivalence towards modernity.
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Gunilla
(författare)
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Laparoscopic or Open Antireflux Surgery - A Comparative Study with Special Reference to the Patient´s Perspective
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to compare the effects of laparoscopic versus open antireflux surgery in a randomized clinical trial focusing the patients' subjective and objective outcome postoperatively, from a short-term and a long-term perspective. A further aim was to describe GORD patients' experiences of illness and surgical treatment and if possible to find striking characteristics relating to laparoscopic or open surgery. Sixty patients with Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) were randomized to laparoscopic or open 360º fundoplication. Subjective evaluations according to disease-specific and generic questionnaires, postoperative protocol, structured interviews, questionnaire and narratives as well as objective evaluations according to endoscopy, oesophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring were performed preoperatively, postoperatively, 1 month, 6 months and 5 years after surgery. Five patients were converted to open surgery. Two patients in the laparoscopic group were reoperated on because of hiatal strictures, one patient in the open group was reoperated on because of an incisional hernia and one patient in each group was operated on for having an intestinal obstruction. Operating time was longer for laparoscopic surgery 148 versus 109 minutes for open surgery (P<0.001), analgesics was less 33.9 versus 67.5 mg per total hospital stay for open surgery (P<0.001). Respiratory function was better in the laparoscopic group, FEV 2.6 versus 2.0 litres (P=0.008) and FVC 3.2 versus 2.2 litres (P=0.004); postoperative hospital stay was shorter 3 (2-6) versus 3 (2-10) days (P=0.021) for open surgery. No difference was found in sick leave between the groups. No differences were found in short- or long-term subjective outcomes in diet, sleep, medication, patient satisfaction and symptoms of GORD. Nor were there any differences found in short- or long-term objective outcomes from endoscopy, manometry or 24-h pH monitoring. Dysphagia, flatulence and difficulties to belch were new side-effects independent of type of surgery. Reasons for having surgery were a wish to avoid medication and to rid themselves of troubles and symptoms. All patients suffered from decreased well-being preoperatively that after surgery independent of invasiveness was restored back to or above norm values. Seven patients (25%) in the open group had complaints regarding the scar. The experts, the GORD patients themselves, described human responses to illness, surgical treatment and the outcome. No matter the type of invasiveness; elimination of the GORD symptoms led to increased well-being and for the majority of patients no need for daily acid-suppression medication. These results appeared one month after the operation and were still valid, five years after surgery.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson Stutz, Liv, 1972-
(författare)
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Embodied Rituals and Ritualized Bodies : Tracing Ritual Practcies in Late Mesolithic Burials
- 2003. - 1
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the ritual dimensions of the mortuary practices in the late Mesolithic cemeteries at Skateholm in Southern Sweden and Vedbæk-Bøgebakken in Eastern Denmark. With a combination of methods and theories that all focus on the ritual practices as action, a new approach to burials in archaeology is proposed. Special attention is given to the treatment of the body after death, which is regarded to hold a central role in the mortuary practices. The focus on the body and on practices as actions is a central part of the method of analysis applied to the material. The French taphonomic approach anthropologie de terrain, which ultimately aims to reconstruct the acts that constituted the mortuary rituals, allows for a firm connection between the archaeological material and the theoretical framework. Through the engagement with practice theory and ritual theory, this thesis also touches upon the fundamental questions of why we need rituals to structure our lives and our world. More specifically, it discusses different dimensions of the need for rites of passage at death. How does ritual help us deal with the dual aspect of the crisis of death – the loss of a social being and the emergence of a cadaver? What does it mean for us to deal with the inevitably decomposing remains of our dead? How do the experiences and memories of these rituals contribute to shape our notions of body, self, life and death? Ultimately, this thesis is an attempt to make a connection, on the level of the processes of structuration of human life, between then and now, them and us.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Petersson, Bodil
(författare)
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Föreställningar om det förflutna. Arkeologi och rekonstruktion
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss full-scale historical reconstruction in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. In recent years we have seen an accelerating interest among the public to visit reconstructed places with reference to ancient times. Reconstructions from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages are discussed. The emergence of reconstruction is presented in an historical overview of the phenomenon. The political use of reconstruction is discussed, primarily in terms of local, regional, national and European identity. The production of archaeological and historical knowledge within reconstructing activities is analyzed. The use of reconstruction as a way to adventure by time-travelling is also treated. By analyzing a large amount of historical and existing full-scale reconstructions a multifaceted picture emerges. It is argued that political use, knowledge and adventure are themes intimately intertwined within full-scale reconstruction and are not possible to separate. Full-scale reconstruction has become a different and alternative meeting place for different purposes with and understandings of the past. Academic archaeologists as well as amateurs take part in activities as experiment, re-enactment and popularization related to full-scale reconstruction. The generated pictures of the past present old klichés as well as new perspectives. The dissertation includes a list of 303 reconstructions established since 1879 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
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| 30. |
- Schömer, Eva, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Jämställdhetens dilemman
- 2003. - 1
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Ingår i: Mer än bara kvinnor och än. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144024660 ; , s. 89-118, s. 89-117
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Strålsjö, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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Folate content in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) : effects of cultivar, ripeness, year of harvest, storage, and commercial processing.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 51:1, s. 128-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folate concentrations in strawberries and folate retention during storage and commercial processing of strawberries were investigated. No previous study has focused on the effects of cultivar, ripeness, and year of harvest of strawberries with respect to the folate content. This study showed the folate concentration in strawberries to significantly depend on all of these different factors. Total folate was quantified using a modified and validated radioprotein-binding assay with external calibration (5-CH(3)-H(4)folate). Folate content in 13 different strawberry cultivars varied from 335 microg/100 g of dry matter (DM) for cv. Senga Sengana to 644 microg/100 g of DM for cv. Elsanta. Swedish harvests from 1999 and 2001 yielded higher folate concentrations than did the harvest from 2000, and the grade of ripeness affected the folate content in strawberries. This study indicated high folate retention in intact berries during storage until 3 or 9 days at 4 degrees C (71-99%) and also in most tested commercial products (79-103%). On the basis of these data fresh strawberries as well as processed strawberry products are recommended to be good folate sources. For instance, 250 g (fresh weight) of strawberries ( approximately 125 microg of folate) supplies approximately 50% of the recommended daily folate intake in various European countries (200-300 microg/day) or 30% of the U.S. recommendation (400 microg/day).
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| 32. |
- Sun, Yongxin, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 16:3, s. 136-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that a number of molecules associated with inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured the levels of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 141 patients with probable AD. We found a significant relationship between CSF and plasma levels of ACT (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.74, p < 0.001), MCP-1 (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), and a borderline relationship between CSF and plasma oxLDL (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between levels of CSF-ACT and oxLDL (p < 0.001), but an inverse relation between levels of CSF ACT, CSF AAT and MCP-1 (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also found between levels of CSF ACT, oxLDL and the ratio of CSF to serum albumin, which is used as a measure of the blood-brain barrier function. Our data extend previous reports regarding the inflammatory markers in the plasma and CSF of patients with AD and provide good evidence that levels of ACT, IL-6, MCP-1 and oxLDL in plasma and CSF might be candidates as biomarkers for monitoring the inflammatory process in AD.
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| 33. |
- Thulesius, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing : a basic process in end-of-life cancer care.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 13:10, s. 1353-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this grounded theory study, the authors interviewed caregivers and patients in end-of-life cancer care and found Balancing to be a fundamental process explaining the problem-solving strategies of most participants and offering a comprehensive perspective on both health care in general and end-of-life cancer care in particular. Balancing stages were Weighing--sensing needs and wishes signaled by patients, gauging them against caregiver resources in diagnosing and care planning; Shifting--breaking bad news, changing care places, and treatments; and Compensating--controlling symptoms, educating and team-working, prioritizing and "stretching" time, innovating care methods, improvising, and maintaining the homeostasis of hope. The Balancing outcome is characterized by Compromising, or "Walking a fine line," at best an optimized situation, at worst a deceit.
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| 34. |
- Waldmann, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Inte ens en gång : En tautologisk talspråkskonstruktion
- 2003
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Ingår i: HumaNetten. - Växjö : Institutionen för humaniora, Växjö universitet. - 1403-2279. ; :13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I sydsvenskt talspråk används ofta den tautologiska konstruktionstypen ens en gång i stället för ens för att uttrycka emfas i förbindelse med negation. Det negativa polaritetsordet ens har tidigare undersökts i förbindelse med negationen inte (Waldmann 2002). Det visar sig i den studien att realisationen kan beskrivas utifrån Chomsky (1999).I de sydsvenska dialekterna verkar däremot konstruktionen ens en gång vara en regionalmotsvarighet till ens och tillika den vanligast förekommande konstruktionstypen i äldres kånska dialekter (Isaksson 2002). Excerpter ur dialektsamlingarna i Dialekt- och Ortnamnsarkivet i Lund (DAL) och SOFI Dialektavdelningen i Uppsala (DA) visar 6 belägg på inte ens en gång i Skåne, 2 i västra Blekinge och 1 i södra Halland. Men konstruktionen kan givetvis finnas i andra dialektområden utan att vara belagd i dialektarkiv (jfr Eaker 2002). I denna studie behandlas konstruktionen ens en gång när den förekommer tillsammans med satsnegationen.
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| 35. |
- Wanby, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine and total homocysteine in plasma after oral methionine loading
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 63:5, s. 347-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elevation of homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in plasma are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In humans, oral methionine loading results in acute elevation of plasma Hcy. This is associated with impaired NO-dependent vasodilatation, a mechanism that may explain the relationship between elevated Hcy and risk of CVD. ADMA, an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO-synthase, may be elevated in plasma of patients with CVD. It was proposed that ADMA is synthesized in a methionine-dependent reaction which also forms Hcy. In this study plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and ADMA concentrations were measured before and after oral methionine loading of human subjects. Methods: Plasma tHcy and ADMA levels were measured in 12 healthy males (age 32-58 years) before and after oral loading with L-methionine (100 mg/kg body weight in orange juice). Results: At noon, 4 h after methionine loading, tHcy and ADMA levels (35.4 +/- 10.9 and 0.80 +/- 0.13 mumol/L, mean +/-SD) were significantly higher than the corresponding values obtained at noon the day before (15.6 +/- 7.4 and 0.63 +/- 0.10 mumol/L, both p < 0.001). Noon values 4 h after methionine loading were also significantly higher than values obtained immediately before the methionine load (13.7 &PLUSMN; 5.9 and 0.66 &PLUSMN; 0.10 μmol/L, both p < 0.001). Reinvestigation of 8 of 12 subjects showed that at 4 and 8 h after compared with levels immediately before methionine loading there was a significant increase in tHcy (28.4 +/- 10.2 and 33.45 +/- 11.1 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.3 mumol/L, both p < 0.001). However, the corresponding ADMA levels did not increase (0.73 &PLUSMN; 0.17 and 0.76 &PLUSMN; 0.22 vs. 0.70 &PLUSMN; 0.10 μmol/L, both not significant). Conclusions: No clear evidence was found to support the supposition that methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia may be accompanied by elevated levels of ADMA, an endogenous competitive NO-synthase inhibitor that may represent an alternative pathogenic mechanism for homocysteine-associated impairment of endothelial NO-dependent functions.
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| 36. |
- Önnerfors, Andreas
(författare)
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Svenska Pommern : kulturmöten och identifikation 1720–1815
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Between 1648 and 1815, Swedish-Pomerania, at the Baltic shore, belonged to the crown of Sweden. It was both a part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation and the Swedish realm. The port town of Stralsund played a key roll in the Swedish economy at the Baltic Sea, whereas the university town of Greifswald was the intellectual centre. On a cultural level, this situation opened up for a double inspiration. This study examines cultural encounters between Sweden and Pomerania and Pomeranian identification towards Sweden in the last century of Swedish reign in the province, 1720-1815. In this mental process, conceptions of history play a key roll. We can distinguish between three different phases of identification, rejection, agreement and idealisation. In the first phase (1720-1740), the ideology of the Swedish Great Power, Gothicism and protestant orthodoxy is represented by the professor of law, Christian Nettelbladt (1696-1775). He fought against what he himself regarded as misconceptions about Swedish history and climate and argued instead in favour of its superiority. Nettelbladt tried to convince the Pomeranians that they belonged to the Nordic culture. But his efforts were rejected. When Nettelbladt left the province, a new generation took its place at the university and a phase of agreement (1740-1780) started. What they had in common with their Swedish colleagues was the admiration for the philosophy of Christian Wolff. By sharing common values, former conflicts were overcome. Through educated journals and societies, areas of contact were created. The press communicated Swedish news, societies on each side of the Baltic Sea elected Swedish and Pomeranian members. Especially the Swedish Order of Freemasons succeeded in building up Lodges in Swedish Pomerania. In literature and historiography, a certain motive of relationship between Pomerania and Sweden was developed. The connection between motherland and province was constitutive for its “happiness”, a common faith was the origin of common fortune. This message was repeated throughout the decades and was a prerequisite of idealisation (1780-1815). A whole generation of writers, artist and historiographers now independently formulated their view upon Sweden and the North. This was a result of a new aesthetics and the severe political development throughout Europe. Especially in the years of the Napoleonic wars, German intellectuals were forced to formulate answers about their identity. Suddenly the Nordic motive became an integral part of the German self-definition. Here, Pomeranian Romanticist played an active roll. After the Vienna Congress, 1815, the last Swedish province became Prussian.
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