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1.
  • Aaro Jonsson, Catherine, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Neuropsychological progress during 14 years after severe traumatic brain injury in childhood and adolescence
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Brain Inj. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 18:9, s. 921-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of time since injury on neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome after serious TBI in childhood or adolescence. METHODS: The subjects were eight patients with serious TBI sustained at a mean age of 14 years who had been assessed neuropsychologically at 1, 7 and 14 years after TBI. A retrospective longitudinal design was chosen to describe the development in six neuropsychological domains on the basis of the assessments. Psychosocial data were gathered from clinical knowledge and a semi-structured interview 14 years after TBI. RESULTS: Performance of verbal IQ shows a declining trend over the three assessments, that the performance of attention and working memory is low and that verbal learning is the cognitive domain which exhibits the largest impairments. The main psychosocial result is that three of the eight subjects went from a school situation with no adjustments to adult life with early retirement. CONCLUSIONS: Time since insult is an important factor when assessing outcome after TBI in childhood and adolescence and that assessment of final outcome should not be done before adulthood.
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2.
  • Abel, Frida, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Mutations in the N-terminal domain of DFF45 in a primary germ cell tumor and in neuroblastoma tumors.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 25:5, s. 1297-302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • DFF45 has essential functions in the final stage of apoptosis by acting both as a folding chaperone and a DNase inhibitor of DFF40. The gene encoding DFF45 (DFFA) maps to the consensus deleted region in primary neuroblastoma (NB; 1p36.2-3) and within the homozygously deleted region in an NB cell line (1p36.2). DFF45 is therefore an attractive candidate NB tumor suppressor. In a previous study we found a rare allele variant, causing a non-polar to a polar amino acid exchange (Ile69Thr) in a preserved hydrophobic patch of DFF45, and we also found DFFA to be preferentially expressed in favorable NB tumors. We have extended the previous study and performed mutation analyses in another 56 NB tumors (100 in total) as well as a set of other tumors for coding mutations in DFFA. We have also performed studies of the DFFA expression in tumors using real-time PCR. We found a missense mutation (Ile15Met) in the remaining allele of a teratoma with heterozygous deletion of 1p, and a three base-pair deletion in an NB of unknown stage causing a deletion of amino acid 37 in DFF45. The one-base substitution detected in the teratoma was not present in the patients constitutional DNA, i.e. it is a true mutation present in the tumor DNA only. In conclusion, three different coding alterations have been found in the region encoding the N-terminal regulatory domain of DFF45, responsible for binding and achieving its chaperone and inhibitor functions on other proteins. Moreover, by real-time RT-PCR expression study, we found the mRNA level of DFFA to be significantly (p=0.038) reduced by a factor of 1.7 times in NB tumors of unfavorable outcome.
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5.
  • Abraha, D, et al. (författare)
  • Network Realities in the Age of Information and Communication Technology (ICC)
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: International Management Development, Research Yearbook (IMDA). ; Vol. II 2004, s. 772-786
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper the applicability of the Industrial Network Approach, during the age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been examined. Both primary and secondary data are collected and analyzed with the help of the industrial network approach. Our results have shown that the network approach can be applied as it is to a large extent, however, some of the existing concepts have to be modified and some new concepts have to be developed so that approach will be a useful and adequate tool to promote our understanding of how industrial markets functions and are structured.
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6.
  • Abraham, Wolf-Rainer, et al. (författare)
  • Woodsholea maritima gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium with a low diversity of polar lipids.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 54:Pt 4, s. 1227-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two cauliform bacteria (CM243T and CM251) isolated by J. Poindexter from the Atlantic Ocean were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses of the internally transcribed 16S-23S rDNA spacer (ITS1) region, analysis of fatty acids from cellular lipids, mass spectrometry of polar lipids and physiological properties. The two strains showed very low diversity of polar lipids with diacyl-sulfoquinovosyl glycerols as the predominant lipids. The two bacterial strains were observed to have nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and could not be differentiated by their ITS1 regions. The isolates differed from species of the genus Maricaulis by their 16S rRNA gene sequences, polar lipids and fatty acid patterns. On the basis of the genotypic analyses and estimations of phylogenetic similarities, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolates represent a new genus and species, for which the name Woodsholea maritima gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain CM243T=VKM B-1512T=LMG 21817T) is proposed.
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7.
  • Abrahamsson, Ingemar, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Early bone formation adjacent to rough and turned endosseous implant surfaces. An experimental study in the dog
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 15:4, s. 381-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To validate a proposed model (Berglundh et al. 2003) and to evaluate the rate and degree of osseointegration at turned (T) and sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) implant surfaces during early phases of healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The devices used for the study of early healing had a geometry that corresponded to that of a solid screw implant with either a SLA or a T surface configuration. A circumferential trough had been prepared within the thread region (intra-osseous portion) that established a geometrically well-defined wound chamber. Twenty Labrador dogs received totally 160 experimental devices to allow the evaluation of healing between 2 h and 12 weeks. Both ground and decalcified sections were prepared from mesial/distal and buccal/lingual device sites. Histometric and morphometric analyses of the ground sections and morphometric analysis of the tissue components in decalcified sections were performed. RESULTS: The ground sections provided an overview of the various phases of tissue formation, while the decalcified, thin sections enabled a more detailed study of events involved in bone tissue modeling and remodeling for both SLA and T surfaces. The initially empty wound chamber became occupied with a coagulum and a granulation tissue that was replaced by a provisional matrix. The process of bone formation started already during the first week. The newly formed bone present at the lateral border of the cut bony bed appeared to be continuous with the parent bone, but on the SLA surface woven bone was also found at a distance from the parent bone. Parallel-fibered and/or lamellar bone as well as bone marrow replaced this primary bone after 4 weeks. In the SLA chambers, more bone-to-device contact, more initial woven bone and earlier lamellar bone formation was found than in the T chambers. CONCLUSION: Osseointegration represents a dynamic process both during its establishment and its maintenance. While healing showed similar characteristics with resorptive and appositional events for both SLA and T surfaces, the rate and degree of osseointegration were superior for the SLA compared with the T chambers.
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8.
  • Abrahamsson, Katarina, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Air-sea exchange of halocarbons: the influence of diurnal and regional variations and distribution of pigments
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0645. ; 51:22-24, s. 2789-2805
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Diurnal cycles of halocarbons, except methyl bromide and methyl chloride, were observed at six 24-h stations occupied in three different regions, the Summer Ice Edge, the Winter Ice Edge, and the Antarctic Polar Front, in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during a Swedish-South African expedition in 1997/1998. The diurnal cycles contained three phases; a productive phase, a phase of losses and a phase with steady state. The duration of the different phases varied for the different stations as well as for individual compounds. The measured production and losses of organo-halogens in the Antarctic Ocean based on values from each station, were in the order of a few to hundreds of Tg yr(-1). Bromochloromethane, tribromomethane, trichloroethene and diiodomethane were the four compounds found in highest concentrations throughout the investigation, and they were found to be the major contributors of organohalogens. Only the presence of the photosynthetic pigment 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, biomarker pigment of haptophytes, could explain some of the variations in the distribution and production of halocarbons, and then only for iodinated compounds. The flux of organo-halogens from the oceans to the atmosphere was estimated in two ways, either based on calculations according to models or based on the measured concentrations. Large discrepancies were found, which could not be explained by chemical or biological degradation or adsorption to particles. This investigation, therefore, shows the need for assessing the rates of degradation and the air-sea exchange more accurately. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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9.
  • Abrahamsson, Katarina, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Variations of biochemical parameters along a transect in the Southern Ocean, with special emphasis on volatile halogenated organic compounds
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0645. ; 51:22-24, s. 2745-2756
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A number of parameters of biogeochemical interest were monitored along a north-southerly transect (S 43-S 63degrees) in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean from the 8th to the 20th of December 1997. Changes in total dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T) and total alkalinity (A(T)) were mostly dependent on temperature and salinity until the ice edge was reached. After this point only a weak correlation was seen between these. Highest mean values of C-T and A(T) were observed in the Winter Ice Edge (WIE) (2195 and 2319 mumol kg(-1), respectively). Lowest mean AT (2277 mumol kg(-1)) was observed in the Sub-Antarctic Front (SAF), whereas lowest mean CT concentration (2068 mumol kg(-1)) was associated with the Sub-Tropical Front (STF). The pH in situ varied between 8.060 and 8.156 where the highest values were observed in the southern part of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and in the Summer Ice Edge (SIE) Region. These peaks were associated with areas of high chlorophyll a (chl a) and tribromomethane values. In the other areas the pH in situ was mainly dependent on hydrography. Bacterial abundance decreased more than one order of magnitude when going from north to south. The decrease appeared to be strongly related to water temperature and there were no elevated abundances at frontal zones. Microphytoplankton dominated in the SAF and APF, whereas the nano- and picoplankton dominated outside these regions. Volatile halogenated compounds were found to vary both with regions, and with daylight. For the iodinated compounds, the highest concentrations were found north of the STF. Brominated hydrocarbons had high concentrations in the STF, but elevated concentrations were also found in the APF and SIE regions. No obvious correlation could be found between the occurrence of individual halocarbons and chl a. On some occasions trichloroethene and tribromomethane related to the presence of nano- and microplankton, respectively.
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10.
  • Abramowicz, Marek A, 1945, et al. (författare)
  • The importance of discovering A 3:2 twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillation in an ultraluminous X-ray source, or how to solve the puzzle of intermediate-mass black holes
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal, Letters. - 0067-0049. ; 609:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) have been observed in a 3:2 ratio for three Galactic black hole microquasars with frequencies that have been shown to scale as 1/M, as expected for general relativistic motion near a black hole. It may be possible to extend this result to distinguish between the following two disparate models that have been proposed for the puzzling ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs): (1) an intermediate-mass black hole (M~103 M⊙) radiating very near the Eddington limit and (2) a conventional black hole (M~10 M⊙) accreting at a highly super-Eddington rate with its emission beamed along the rotation axis. We suggest that one could discriminate between these models by detecting the counterpart of a Galactic twin-peak QPO in a ULX: the expected frequency for the intermediate-mass black hole model is only about 1 Hz, whereas for the conventional black hole model the expected frequency would be the ~100 Hz value observed for the Galactic microquasars.
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12.
  • Adermark, Louise, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Ethanol acutely decreases astroglial gap junction permeability in primary cultures from defined brain regions
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Neurochemistry International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-0186. ; 45:7, s. 971-978
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The acute effect of hyperosmotic ethanol on gap junction permeability was examined in astroglial cells in primary culture from five different brain regions. Gap junction permeability was analyzed by measuring dye spreading from cell to cell with the low molecular weight dye Lucifer Yellow. Ethanol concentrations 25-300 mM significantly decreased dye spreading in cultures from the cerebral cortex in a dose-dependent but time-independent manner for up to 60 min. Besides cerebral cortex, exposure to 150 mM ethanol decreased dye spreading in astroglial cultures from the hippocampus and from the brain stem, while cultures from the olfactory bulb and from the hypothalamus were not significantly affected. The ethanol-induced decrease in dye spreading in cultures from the cerebral cortex was not mediated through changes in cell volume, osmolarity, protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, intracellular pH, or intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ). The decrease in dye spreading was abolished upon incubation in sodium-reduced buffer, and after blockage of the Na + /K + /2Cl - cotransporter with furosemide. The results presented here indicate that ethanol-mediated decrease in dye spreading is directly or indirectly dependent on sodium. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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15.
  • Adriansson, Camilla, 1962, et al. (författare)
  • The use of topical anaesthesia at children´s minor lacerations: an experimental study
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - 0965-2302. ; 12:2, s. 78-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a great many situations within health care and treatment, children are subjected to unnecessary pain and suffering. When local anaesthetics is to be administered the child can experience this as incomprehensible especially when the nursing staff assures the child that no pain would be felt, only to discover soon after, that it actually did hurt at the moment of anaesthetic infiltration. The soothing of pain during the suturing of wounds in emergency wards can be reduced. In order to prevent this (subjection to unnecessary pain), and by improving accepted practice, it was interesting to investigate whether children felt pain at the time of infiltration anaesthesia following the initial topical anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of introductory topical anaesthesia using Xylocain solution dropped in the wound prior to a definitive infiltration-anaesthesia. An experimental prospective design was used where children were included in either an experimental (10) or control (10) group. The experimental group was given a Xylocain solution while eth control group received physiological Sodium solution. Pain was estimated by using VAS and by interviews. The study shows that a certain alleviation of pain does occur when using Xylocain, but not statistically significant difference exists between the two groups. Irrespective of whether the children received an introductory topical anaesthesia with Xylocain or Sodium solution at the time of infiltration anaesthesia, they expressed pain in connection with infiltration. Many children expressed fear and anxiety. Current research highlights the difficulties involved in offering children a really satisfactory form of pain relief in connection with infiltration anaesthesia and suturing of wounds. It is urgent to throw more light on children´s pain both from a nursing and from a medical point of view. No statistically significant differences was found in children´s reported pain, after treatment with Xylocain but the solution can have a positive effect at the time of the infiltration jab, but a larger study needs to be done in order to establish this firmly.
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16.
  • Aertsen, A., et al. (författare)
  • Heat shock protein-mediated resistance to high hydrostatic pressure in Escherichia coli
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 70:5, s. 2660-2666
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A random library of Escherichia coli MG1655 genomic fragments fused to a promoterless green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was constructed and screened by differential fluorescence induction for promoters that are induced after exposure to a sublethal high hydrostatic pressure stress. This screening yielded three promoters of genes belonging to the heat shock regulon (dnaK, lon, clpPX), suggesting a role for heat shock proteins in protection against, and/or repair of, damage caused by high pressure. Several further observations provide additional support for this hypothesis: (i) the expression of rpoH, encoding the heat shock-specific sigma factor {sigma}32, was also induced by high pressure; (ii) heat shock rendered E. coli significantly more resistant to subsequent high-pressure inactivation, and this heat shock-induced pressure resistance followed the same time course as the induction of heat shock genes; (iii) basal expression levels of GFP from heat shock promoters, and expression of several heat shock proteins as determined by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from pulse-labeled cells, was increased in three previously isolated pressure-resistant mutants of E. coli compared to wild-type levels.
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18.
  • Aguilar, A., et al. (författare)
  • Double photodetachment from the Cl[-]ion
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 69:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The correlated process involving the photodetachment of two electrons from the [Formula Presented] ion has been investigated over the photon energy range 20–45 eV. In the experiment, a beam of photons from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was collinearly merged with a counterpropagating beam of [Formula Presented] ions from a sputter ion source. The [Formula Presented] ions produced in the interaction region were detected, and the normalized signal was used to monitor the relative cross section for the reaction. An absolute scale for the cross section was established by measuring the spatial overlap of the two beams and by determining the efficiency for collection and detection of the [Formula Presented] ions. The overall magnitude and shape of the measured cross section for this process agrees well with an R-matrix calculation. The calculation identifies the dominant mechanism leading to the production of the [Formula Presented] ion as being a direct nonresonant process involving the ejection of a pair of electrons from the valence shell. Less important is the indirect nonresonant process that involves the production and decay of core-excited and doubly excited states of the Cl atom in an intermediate step. Direct and indirect resonant mechanisms involving the excitation of a single [Formula Presented] core electron or more than one valence electron of the [Formula Presented] ion were found to be insignificant in the energy range studied.
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19.
  • Ahlberg, Karin, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Fatigue, psychological distress, coping and quality of life in patients with uterine cancer.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of advanced nursing. - 0309-2402. ; 45:2, s. 205-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a subjectively experienced symptom that is multidimensional and multifactorial. Patients with cancer have identified fatigue as one of the major troubling symptoms and the primary cause of distress in their lives. AIMS: The major aim of the study was to examine how patients diagnosed with uterine cancer describe their experience of fatigue, psychological distress, coping resources and quality of life. A secondary aim was to describe the relationship between selected variables. METHOD: A descriptive and correlational design was used and the study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. The study population consisted of women, diagnosed with uterine cancer, who where scheduled to receive curative external radiation therapy. Sixty women participated in the study and data were collected through self-report instruments. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from patient records. The data were collected during year 2000-2002. The Conceptual Model of Symptom Management was used as a framework to guide the study. FINDINGS: Patients experienced a low grade of fatigue and psychological distress, but their functional status and global quality of life was high. Significant correlations were found between general fatigue and anxiety and also between general fatigue and depression. There was a significant negative correlation between general fatigue and coping resources. Depression explained 44% of the variance in general fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide knowledge about predictors of CRF in women with uterine cancer, and can serve as a basis for future longitudinal studies in which different prophylactic strategies against therapy-related fatigue are prospectively studied.
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20.
  • Ahlberg, Karin, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Levels of fatigue compared to levels of cytokines and hemoglobin during pelvic radiotherapy: a pilot study.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Biological research for nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1099-8004 .- 1552-4175. ; 5:3, s. 203-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and distressing symptom experienced by patients during cancer therapy. One proposed mechanism for the development of fatigue is the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and/or the development of anemia. The major purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the levels of fatigue and cytokines during radiation therapy and determine whether there was a correlation between the two. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationships among hemoglobin values, cytokines, and fatigue. Participants included 15 women diagnosed with uterine cancer, who received curative external radiation therapy. Fatigue was assessed by a self-report instrument (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory [MFI-20]) and hemoglobin and cytokines (Il-1, Il-6, and TNF-alpha) were measured before, during, and after radiotherapy. The degree of fatigue increased during radiotherapy without a significant change in IL-1, IL-6, or TNF-alpha levels. There was no significant correlation between changes in general fatigue and the changes in IL-1 and TNF-alpha. There was a significant negative correlation between the change in IL-6 and general fatigue. The hemoglobin levels did decrease significantly during radiotherapy, but there was no significant correlation between general fatigue and hemoglobin after 3 weeks of therapy or after the completion of therapy. In conclusion, pelvic radiotherapy in women with uterine cancer is associated with increased fatigue. There were no significant relationships between anemia or cytokine levels and fatigue. The pathogenesis of fatigue during radiation therapy remains to be elucidated.
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21.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Interventional treatment of the carcinoid syndrome
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - 0028-3835. ; 80 Suppl 1, s. 67-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver metastases imply a major problem in patients with carcinoid tumours and hormone overproduction. Patients with distant metastases can undergo resection for potential cure or for symptom palliation. In patients with bilobar liver metastases other interventions are at hand, e.g. local ablation or hepatic arterial embolization. In selected cases liver transplantation can be a treatment alternative. Prior to all interventions patients with midgut carcinoids are protected with somatostatin analogues to reduce hormone secretion. Patients with foregut carcinoids may present special problems with life-threatening release of histamine during interventions.
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22.
  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Liver transplantation for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 0077-8923. ; 1014, s. 265-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liver transplantation can be considered a therapeutic option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors only metastatic to the liver. Important selection criteria are well-differentiated tumors and a low proliferation rate (Ki67 <10%). In this series, orthopic liver transplantation offered good relief of symptoms and long disease-free intervals with initial survival of grafts and patients as in benign disease. The experience with multivisceral transplantation is still limited.
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24.
  • Ahlsén, Elisabeth, 1951 (författare)
  • Short utterances in aphasic speech
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Knowles, G, Mohd Ali, J, Mhd Jan, J., Awabm S & Mohd Don, Z Ibrahim (eds) Language, Linguistics and the Real World.. ; I, s. 129-150
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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25.
  • Ahola, T., et al. (författare)
  • Plasma 8-isoprostane is increased in preterm infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia or periventricular leukomalacia
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Pediatr Res. - 0031-3998. ; 56:1, s. 88-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our aim was to assess the plasma free 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-isoprostane) and ascorbyl radical as risk indicators for oxidative damage in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on these markers. Plasma samples were collected on days 3 and 7 of life from infants who were enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial in which i.v. NAC or placebo was administered to ELBWIs during the first week of life, with the aim of preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Plasma 8-isoprostane was analyzed in 83 infants using an enzyme immunoassay kit. Ascorbyl radical concentration was measured in 61 infants with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The 8-isoprostane concentrations were similar in the NAC and placebo groups. In infants who later developed BPD or died (n = 29), the median (range) 8-isoprostane concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.001) on day 3 and day 7 [50.0 pg/mL (19-360) and 57.0 pg/mL (14-460), respectively] than in survivors without BPD [n = 54; 34.5 pg/mL (5-240) and 39.5 pg/mL (7-400), respectively]. The 8-isoprostane levels increased significantly more (p < 0.05) in infants who later developed periventricular leukomalacia. NAC treatment or the later development of BPD was not related to the ascorbyl radical levels. The ascorbyl radical level decreased significantly in all groups from day 3 to day 7, but the difference between the groups was not significant. The mean (SD) ascorbyl radical level on day 3 was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in infants who later developed periventricular leukomalacia [287 (124) versus 194 (90)]. These data suggest that plasma 8-isoprostane could serve as a marker in assessing the risk for BPD development in ELBWIs.
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