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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Do unequal societies cause death and disease? : A study of the health effects on elderly of inequality in Swedish municipalities, 2006
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A lively public and academic debate has highlighted the potential health risk of living in regions and nations characterized by inequality (Wilkinson and Pickett 2007; 2009). It is argued that inequality may add to increasing health differentials over the life course. However, previous research provides so far an ambiguous picture. One explanation could be that the effect of living in more heterogeneous social settings may differ between levels of aggregation. A hypothesis is that homogeneity is positive on the national or regional level, while on a lower level of aggregation living in homogeneous settings could be detrimental for health, at least in poor neighborhoods. In this paper we present the preliminary results of our examination on how residence in unequal versus homogeneous areas is associated with health outcome of elderly people in Sweden. These first results are based on municipality level data on individuals born between 1932 and 1941 and the outcome is measured for the year 2006. Furthermore, we analyze the effect on health of income inequality (measured by Gini-coefficient) as compared to the effect of individual income and the average income level in the area. We analysed the associations both with individual-level and multi-level analysis. Our main finding is that inequality has an independent effect on mortality in the way that unequal municipalities have excessive deaths even after controlling for mean income level and personal income. This result was found not only in the individual-level analysis but also in the multilevel analysis.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Income inequality in Swedish municipalities 1986-2013 : Development and regional patterns
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the present report, we investigate the patterns and trends of inequality in disposable income in the working-age population in Swedish municipalities 1986-2013. This period coincided with when Sweden changed from very lowlevels of inequality to one with substantially increasing inequality. Incomes has increased in all parts of Sweden, but differences in incomes between municipalities have widened. Asa result, large parts of Sweden have become poorer in a relative, although not in a nominative sense. At the same time, income inequality has increased substantially within as well as between municipalities. Present-day Swedes live in much more unequal environments, both at the national level and in the municipalities. The large city areas, or at least part of them, have had a much more advantageous economic development, but they also became more unequal. We see a division between parts of Sweden; there are clear differentiation tendencies between urban and rural parts, centre and periphery. Another finding is that the relation between mean income and income inequality has changed from the 1980s to the present. This association was negative a couple of decades ago, meaning that inequality was somewhat higher in poorer municipalities. From the 1990s onwards, the association is instead positive – affluent municipalities are more unequal.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Introduction: major databases with historical longitudinal population data : development, impact and results
- 2023
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In: Historical Life Course Studies. - : International Institute of Social History. - 2352-6343. ; 13:4, s. 186-190
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Over the last 60 years several major historical databases with reconstructed life courses of large populations spanning decades have been launched. The development of these databases is indicative of considerable investments that have greatly expanded the possibilities for new research within the fields of history, demography, sociology, as well as other disciplines. In this volume spanning seven articles, eight databases are included that have had a wide impact on research in various disciplines. Each database had its own unique genesis that is well described in the articles assembled in this volume. They inform readers about how these databases have changed the course of research in historical demography and related disciplines, how settled findings were challenged or confirmed, and how innovative investigations were launched and implemented. In the end we explore how research with this kind of databases will develop in future.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Is high social class always beneficial for survival? : Northern Sweden 1801–2013
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Focusing on two regions in northern Sweden 1801–2013, we challenge common notions of the assumed advantage in survival of belonging to a high social class. The issue is analysed according to gender and age group (adults and elderly) and in relation to the developmentof economic inequality. The results show that high social class is not always favourable for survival. Men in the elite category had higher mortality compared to others during a large part of the studied period; a male mortality class reversal appears at a surprisingly late date, while the social gradient among women conforms to the expected pattern. Wesuggest that health-related behaviour is decisive not only in later but earlier phases of the mortality transition as well. The results implicate that the association between social class and health is more complex than is assumed in many of the dominant theories in demography and epidemiology.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Is high social class always beneficial for survival? : a study of northern Sweden 1801-2013
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Focusing on two regions in northern Sweden 1801–2013, we challenge common notions of the assumed advantage in survival of belonging to a high social class. The issue is analysed according to gender and age group (adults and elderly) and in relation to the development of economic inequality. The results show that high social class is not always favourable for survival. Men in the elite category, particularly in working age, had higher mortality compared to others during a large part of the studied period; a male mortality class reversal appears at a surprisingly late date, while the social gradient among women conforms to the expected pattern. We suggest that health-related behaviour is decisive not only in later but earlier phases of the mortality transition as well. The results implicate that the association between social class and health is more complex than is assumed in many of the dominant theories in demography and epidemiology.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Life course and long-term perspectives of social inequality in mortality among elderly and adults in Northern Sweden 1801–2013
- 2017
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We investigate the development of social inequality in Swedish mortality over the life course in the elderly and adult population during the mortality transition. The study focuses on two main questions, the first relate to the long-term change in social differences in mortality. The second question is whether socio-economic position have less impact on the elderly population compared to population in working age and if the age pattern of social inequalities has changed from the 19th century to the present. Furthermore, in this study we consider possible gender-specific patterns in this process. The development of mortality in different social classes is analysed according to both total mortality and major cause-of-death categories. For the later periods, we also compare the results from the class-based analysis with other measures of social position, in this case income and education. Focus is on mortality in the Skellefteå and Umeå regions in northern Sweden 1851-2013. The study is based on the historical population data from the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University and modern population register data from Statistics Sweden.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Neighbourhood inequality as a health risk : Empirical evidence from Swedish registers
- 2013
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, we explore the impact on mortality of income inequality in residential neighbourhoods and municipalities among elderly 65-84 years in the year 2004, using Swedish longitudinal micro-data covering the entire Swedish population for the period 1970 – 2006. Preliminary cross-sectional multi-level analyses are now complemented by longitudinal analyses of long-term residential histories with exposure to equal/unequal municipalities and neighbourhoods and the long-term impact on mortality. We investigate the association between mortality and income inequality at place of residence at different time lags and the effect of a summary measure of previous exposures to environments characterised by different inequality levels. We also compare groups that have different experiences of residential characteristics, i.e. those that have resided in unequal or equal places and those that have changed from equal to unequal residences or vice versa. Preliminary results from a cross-sectional analysis on 2006, show that income inequality in the municipality of residence had an independent effect on mortality in the age group 65-74 years
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| 23. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-
(author)
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Urban health and social class
- 1993
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In: Health and Social Change. - Umeå : Demografiska databasen, Umeå universitet. - 9171748504 ; , s. 55-110
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 24. |
- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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The effect of the Rh negative disease on perinatal mortality : Evidence from Skellefteå 1840-1900
- 2010
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The Rh-negative gene is a well known cause of perinatalmortality especially before there were any effective treatment. The Rh disease, that is caused by a Rh positive foetus carried by a Rh negativemother, leads to typical patterns of perinatal mortality with an increaseof mortality with parity and mortality clustered in families. This effecthas been largely neglected in earlier papers trying to explain mortalitypatterns in historic data. Objectives: This paper highlights the role of this gene in causing these patterns and tries to quantify the effect in a society with a large group of Rh-negative persons and no access to treatment. Methods: The risks of the Rh disease is approximately known from the medical literature. Knowing family sizes and the approximate share of Rh negative genes the ”theoretical” patterns of perinatal mortality can becalculated and simulated. Comparing these figures with observed patterns of perinatal deaths the relative importance of Rh factor can be estimated.We have used data from 1840-1900 in the Swedish parish of Skellefteå where we have data on all births and their outcomes as well as good estimates of the Rh negative gene frequency. Results: The results show that the Rh gene is likely to have had an important role in perinatal mortality and the patterns with more dead at high parities and clustering explaining a relatively large part of these phenomenon in high Rh negative gene societies. Conclusions: The paper shows that the Rh-disease is an important fac-tor in understanding mortality patterns. Its great effect on the patterns makes it necessary to take it into account when analysing other factors that can affect perinatal mortality patterns.
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