Crime in transit environments: Lessons from Stockholm (Sweden) and São Paulo (Brazil) metro systems : 交通环境犯罪：从瑞典斯德哥尔摩和巴西圣保罗地铁系统的经验总结

• 笔者通过评估瑞典斯德哥尔摩和巴西圣保罗地铁系统的犯罪活动及扰乱公共秩序行为案例，探讨相关经 验教训。对比 2 个国家地铁系统的时空犯罪模式及上述案例的研究结果，总结环境对犯罪活动及扰乱公共秩序行为的影响。研究中地理信息系统、田野调查和建模等分析过程应用了相应地铁运营商的基础数据。研究发现 市中心地铁站及终点站往往比其他站点更容易发生犯罪。除了区位因素，地铁站的环境属性、周边环境及社区 环境也会影响站点的犯罪机会。预防犯罪的干预措施必须针对具体犯罪活动、核心地铁站的拥挤情况，特别是 易发生犯罪的高峰时段制定。以此总结今后相关研究方向，并提出相应政策建议。

• In this article, we discuss lessons learned from assessing crime and public disorder in two major metro systems: Stockholm (Sweden) and São Paulo (Brazil). We compare temporal and spatial patterns of crime in these metro systems in two national contexts, then we compare findings from these two case studies to reason about the influence of the environment on crime and public disorder. Data from the respective transportation companies are used as the basis for the analysis, which involves Geographical Information Systems (GIS), fieldwork and modelling. Inner city metro stations but also end stations tend to concentrate more crime than stations in any other parts of the city. More than location in the city, results show that opportunities for crime at the stations are dependent on the stations’ environmental attributes, surroundings, and neighbourhood context. Crime prevention interventions must be crime specific and tackle crowded conditions at core stations especially at rush hours since they facilitate crime. The article concludes with directions for future research and suggestions for policy

Nyckelord

crime; metro; physical and social environment; GIS; Stockholm; São Paulo

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