PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

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PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife : A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

De Silva, Amila O. (author): Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada

Armitage, James M. (author): AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada

Bruton, Thomas A. (author): Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA

Dassuncao, Clifton (author): Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), Washington, DC, USA

Heiger-Bernays, Wendy (author): Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Hu, Xindi C. (author): Mathematica, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA

Kärrman, Anna, 1975- (author): Örebro universitet,Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik

Kelly, Barry (author): Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Ng, Carla (author): University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Robuck, Anna (author): University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, USA

Sun, Mei (author): University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA

Webster, Thomas F. (author): Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Sunderland, Elsie M. (author): Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

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Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada (creator_code:org_t)

2021-01-29
2021
English.
In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Pergamon Press. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 40:3, s. 631-657

Related links:: https://doi.org/10.1...; show more...; https://onlinelibrar...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; show less...

Research review (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Here we synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on two to five legacy PFAS and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine (TF) measurements complemented by suspect screening using high resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA). Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on TF in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, and for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a revaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Bioaccumulation
drinking water
exposure assessment
organofluorine
toxicants
wildlife

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By the university: Örebro University

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