From broadleaves to conifers: The effect of tree composition and density on understory microclimate across latitudes

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From broadleaves to conifers : The effect of tree composition and density on understory microclimate across latitudes

Díaz-Calafat, Joan (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre

Uria Diez, Jaime (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)

Brunet, Jörg (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre

De Frenne, Pieter (author)

Vangansbeke, Pieter (author)

Felton, Adam (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre

Öckinger, Erik (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för ekologi,Department of Ecology

Cousins, Sara A. O., 1965- (author): Stockholms universitet,Institutionen för naturgeografi

Bauhus, Jürgen (author)

Ponette, Quentin (author)

Hedwall, Per-Ola (author): Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre

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(creator_code:org_t)

2023
2023
English.
In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 341

Related links:: https://doi.org/10.1...; show more...; https://pub.epsilon.... (primary) (Raw object) (free); https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://res.slu.se/i...; show less...

Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Forest canopies buffer the macroclimate and thus play an important role in mitigating climate-warming impacts on forest ecosystems. Despite the importance of the tree layer for understory microclimate buffering, our knowledge about the effects of forest structure, composition and their interactions with macroclimate is limited, especially in mixtures of conifers and broadleaves. Here we studied five mixed forest stands along a 1800 km latitudinal gradient covering a 7°C span in mean annual temperature. In each of these forests we established 40 plots (200 in total), in which air and soil temperatures were measured continuously for at least one year. The plots were located across gradients of forest density and broadleaved proportions (i.e. from open to closed canopies, and from 100% conifer to 100% broadleaved tree dominance). Air minimum, mean and maximum temperature offsets (i.e. difference between macroclimate and microclimate) and soil mean temperature offsets were calculated for the coldest and warmest months. Forest structure, and especially forest density, was the key determinant of understory temperatures. However, the absolute and relative importance of the proportion of broadleaves and forest density differed largely between response variables. Forest density ranged from being independent of, to interacting with, tree species composition. The effect of these two variables was independent of the macroclimate along our latitudinal gradient. Temperature, precipitation, snow depth and wind outside forests affected understory temperature buffering. Finally, we found that the scale at which the overstory affects soil microclimate approximated 6-7 m, whereas for air microclimate this was at least 10 m. These findings have implications for biodiversity conservation and forest management in a changing climate, as they facilitate the projection of understory temperatures in scenarios where both forest structure and macroclimate are dynamic. This is especially relevant given the global importance of ongoing forest conversion from conifers to broadleaves, and vice versa.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Naturgeografi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Physical Geography (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Klimatforskning (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Climate Research (hsv//eng)
LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske -- Skogsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries -- Forest Science (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Microclimate
Forest understory
Forest density
Broadleaves
Understory temperature
Latitudinal gradient

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)
art (subject category)

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By the author/editor: Díaz-Calafat, Jo ...; Uria Diez, Jaime; Brunet, Jörg; De Frenne, Piete ...; Vangansbeke, Pie ...; Felton, Adam; show more...; Öckinger, Erik; Cousins, Sara A. ...; Bauhus, Jürgen; Ponette, Quentin; Hedwall, Per-Ola; show less...

About the subject

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Physical Geograp ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Climate Research

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: AGRICULTURAL SCI ...; and Agriculture Fore ...; and Forest Science

Articles in the publication: Agricultural and ...

By the university: Stockholm University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

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