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Citizen science sho...
Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming
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- Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Limnologi
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- Mackay, Murray (author)
- Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin Str, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
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- Stockwell, Jason D. (author)
- Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, 3 Coll St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA.
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- Thiery, Wim (author)
- Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.;Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.;Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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- Grossart, Hans-Peter (author)
- Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, Alte Fischerhuette 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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- Augusto-Silva, Petala B. (author)
- Natl Inst Space Res, INPE, Remote Sensing Dept, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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- Baulch, Helen M. (author)
- Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.;Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
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- de Eyto, Elvira (author)
- Marine Inst, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland.
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- Hejzlar, Josef (author)
- Inst Hydrobiol, Biol Ctr CAS, Na Sadkach 7, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic.
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- Kangur, Kuelli (author)
- Estonian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Limnol, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Rannu 61117, Estonia.
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- Kirillin, Georgiy (author)
- Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecohydrol, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
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- Pierson, Don C. (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Limnologi
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- Rusak, James A. (author)
- Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada.;Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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- Sadro, Steven (author)
- Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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- Woolway, R. Iestyn (author)
- Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2017-03-06
- 2017
- English.
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In: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Abstract
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- Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (T-w-T-a) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (Q(H)). If Q(H) is directed upward, corresponding to positive T-w-T-a, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative T-w-T-a across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward Q(H)), with T-w-T-a becoming increasingly negative with increasing T-a. Further examination of T-w-T-a using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that T-w-T-a is linearly related to T-a. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative T-w-T-a with increasing annual mean T-a since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative T-w-T-a, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Klimatforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Climate Research (hsv//eng)
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- art (subject category)
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Weyhenmeyer, Ges ...
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Mackay, Murray
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Stockwell, Jason ...
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Thiery, Wim
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Grossart, Hans-P ...
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Augusto-Silva, P ...
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show more...
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Baulch, Helen M.
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de Eyto, Elvira
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Hejzlar, Josef
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Kangur, Kuelli
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Kirillin, Georgi ...
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Pierson, Don C.
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Rusak, James A.
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Sadro, Steven
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Woolway, R. Iest ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Oceanography Hyd ...
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Climate Research
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Uppsala University