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Lymphatic filariasi...
Lymphatic filariasis transmission in Rufiji District, southeastern Tanzania : infection status of the human population and mosquito vectors after twelve rounds of mass drug administration
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- Jones, Clarer (author)
- Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, POB 65011, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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- Ngasala, Billy (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Internationell barnhälsa och nutrition,Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, POB 65011, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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- Derua, Yahya A. (author)
- Natl Inst Med Res, POB 9653, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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- Tarimo, Donath (author)
- Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, POB 65011, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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- Reimer, Lisa (author)
- Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
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- Bockarie, Moses (author)
- European & Dev Countries Clin Trials Partnership, Cape Town, South Africa
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- Malecela, Mwelecele N. (author)
- WHO Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Rep Congo
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2018-11-13
- 2018
- English.
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In: Parasites & Vectors. - : BMC. - 1756-3305. ; 11
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Abstract
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- BackgroundControl of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in most of the sub-Saharan African countries is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) using a combination of ivermectin and albendazole. Monitoring the impact of this intervention is crucial for measuring the success of the LF elimination programmes. This study assessed the status of LF infection in Rufiji district, southeastern Tanzania after twelve rounds of MDA.MethodsCommunity members aged between 10 and 79 years were examined for Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigens (CFA) using immunochromatographic test cards (ICTs) and antigen-positive individuals were screened for microfilaraemia. All study participants were examined for clinical manifestation of LF and interviewed for drug uptake during MDA rounds. Filarial mosquito vectors were collected indoor and outdoor and examined for infection with W. bancrofti using a microscope and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques.ResultsOut of 854 participants tested, nine (1.1%) were positive for CFA and one (0.1%) was found to be microfilaraemic. The prevalence of hydrocele and elephantiasis was 4.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Surveyed drug uptake rates were high, with 70.5% of the respondents reporting having swallowed the drugs in the 2014 MDA round (about seven months before this study). Further, 82.7% of the respondents reported having swallowed the drugs at least once since the inception of MDA programme in 2000. Of the 1054 filarial vectors caught indoors and dissected to detect W. bancrofti infection none was found to be infected. Moreover, analysis by qPCR of 1092 pools of gravid Culex quinquefasciatus collected outdoors resulted in an estimated infection rate of 0.1%. None of the filarial vectors tested with qPCR were found to be infective.ConclusionAnalysis of indices of LF infection in the human population and filarial mosquito vectors indicated a substantial decline in the prevalence of LF and other transmission indices, suggesting that local transmission was extremely low if occurring at all in the study areas. We, therefore, recommend a formal transmission assessment survey (TAS) to be conducted in the study areas to make an informed decision on whether Rufiji District satisfied WHO criteria for stopping MDA.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Mass drug administration
- Microfilaremia
- Circulating filarial antigens
- Hydrocele
- Elephantiasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Tanzania
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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