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The tyranny of the ...
The tyranny of the averages and the indiscriminate use of risk factors in public health : The case of coronary heart disease
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- Merlo, Juan (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Socialepidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Social Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,Center for Primary Health Care Research,Lund University, Sweden;Region Skåne, Sweden
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- Mulinari, Shai (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Socialepidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Sociologi,Sociologiska institutionen,Samhällsvetenskapliga institutioner och centrumbildningar,Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten,Social Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,Sociology,Department of Sociology,Departments of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences,Faculty of Social Sciences,Lund University, Sweden
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- Wemrell, Maria (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Socialepidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Social Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,Lund University, Sweden
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- Subramanian, S V (författare)
- Harvard University,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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- Hedblad, Bo (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kardiovaskulär forskning - epidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,Lund University, Sweden
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2017
- 2017
- Engelska 15 s.
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Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 3, s. 684-698
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Modern medicine is overwhelmed by a plethora of both established risk factors and novel biomarkers for diseases. The majority of this information is expressed by probabilistic measures of association such as the odds ratio (OR) obtained by calculating differences in average "risk" between exposed and unexposed groups. However, recent research demonstrates that even ORs of considerable magnitude are insufficient for assessing the ability of risk factors or biomarkers to distinguish the individuals who will develop the disease from those who will not. In regards to coronary heart disease (CHD), we already know that novel biomarkers add very little to the discriminatory accuracy (DA) of traditional risk factors. However, the value added by traditional risk factors alongside simple demographic variables such as age and sex has been the subject of less discussion. Moreover, in public health, we use the OR to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF), although this measure fails to consider the DA of the risk factor it represents. Therefore, focusing on CHD and applying measures of DA, we re-examine the role of individual demographic characteristics, risk factors, novel biomarkers and PAFs in public health and epidemiology. In so doing, we also raise a more general criticism of the traditional risk factors' epidemiology. We investigated a cohort of 6103 men and women who participated in the baseline (1991-1996) of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study and were followed for 18 years. We found that neither traditional risk factors nor biomarkers substantially improved the DA obtained by models considering only age and sex. We concluded that the PAF measure provided insufficient information for the planning of preventive strategies in the population. We need a better understanding of the individual heterogeneity around the averages and, thereby, a fundamental change in the way we interpret risk factors in public health and epidemiology.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- coronary
- Heart disease
- Risk factors
- Vårdvetenskap
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- art (ämneskategori)
- ref (ämneskategori)
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