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  • Scheinin, AnnalottaTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (författare)

Foundations of human consciousness : Imaging the twilight zone

  • Artikel/kapitelEngelska2021

Förlag, utgivningsår, omfång ...

  • The Society for Neuroscience,2021
  • electronicrdacarrier

Nummerbeteckningar

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:his-19384
  • https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19384URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0775-20.2020DOI
  • https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181720URI

Kompletterande språkuppgifter

  • Språk:engelska
  • Sammanfattning på:engelska

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Klassifikation

  • Ämneskategori:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Ämneskategori:art swepub-publicationtype

Anmärkningar

  • CC BY 4.0Corresponding Author: harry.scheinin@utu.fi
  • What happens in the brain when conscious awareness of the surrounding world fades? We manipulated consciousness in two experiments in a group of healthy males and measured brain activity with positron emission tomography. Measurements were made during wakefulness, escalating and constant levels of two anesthetic agents (Experiment 1, n=39) and during sleep-deprived wakefulness and Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (Experiment 2, n=37). In Experiment 1, the subjects were randomized to receive either propofol or dexmedetomidine until unresponsiveness. In both experiments, forced awakenings were applied to achieve rapid recovery from an unresponsive to a responsive state, followed by immediate and detailed interviews of subjective experiences during the preceding unresponsive condition. Unresponsiveness rarely denoted unconsciousness, as the majority of the subjects had internally generated experiences. Unresponsive anesthetic states and verified sleep stages, where a subsequent report of mental content included no signs of awareness of the surrounding world, indicated a disconnected state. Functional brain imaging comparing responsive and connected vs. unresponsive and disconnected states of consciousness during constant anesthetic exposure revealed that activity of the thalamus, cingulate cortices and angular gyri are fundamental for human consciousness. These brain structures were affected independent from the pharmacologic agent, drug concentration and direction of change in the state of consciousness. Analogous findings were obtained when consciousness was regulated by physiological sleep. State-specific findings were distinct and separable from the overall effects of the interventions, which included widespread depression of brain activity across cortical areas. These findings identify a central core brain network critical for human consciousness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Trying to understand the biological basis of human consciousness is currently one of the greatest challenges of neuroscience. While the loss and return of consciousness regulated by anesthetic drugs and physiological sleep are employed as model systems in experimental studies on consciousness, previous research results have been confounded by drug effects, by confusing behavioral "unresponsiveness" and internally generated consciousness, and by comparing brain activity levels across states that differ in several other respects than only consciousness. Here, we present carefully designed studies that overcome many previous confounders and for the first time reveal the neural mechanisms underlying human consciousness and its disconnection from behavioral responsiveness, both during anesthesia and during normal sleep, and in the same study subjects.

Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar

Biuppslag (personer, institutioner, konferenser, titlar ...)

  • Kantonen, OskariTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (författare)
  • Alkire, MichaelUniversity of California, Irvine, USA (författare)
  • Långsjö, JaakkoDepartment of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (författare)
  • Kallionpää, Roosa E.Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland (författare)
  • Kaisti, KaikeTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland / Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Finland / Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland / Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Finland (författare)
  • Radek, LindaTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (författare)
  • Johansson, JarkkoUmeå universitet,Diagnostisk radiologi,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland / Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden(Swepub:umu)jajo0061 (författare)
  • Sandman, NilsDepartment of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland (författare)
  • Nyman, MikkoDepartment of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, FI-0521 Turku, Finland (författare)
  • Scheinin, MikaInstitute of Biomedicine and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (författare)
  • Vahlberg, TeroInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (författare)
  • Revonsuo, AnttiHögskolan i Skövde,Institutionen för biovetenskap,Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Sweden,Kognitiv neurovetenskap och filosofi, Consciousness and Cognitive Neuroscience(Swepub:his)reva (författare)
  • Valli, Katja,1973-Högskolan i Skövde,Institutionen för biovetenskap,Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi,Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Sweden,Kognitiv neurovetenskap och filosofi, Consciousness and Cognitive Neuroscience(Swepub:his)vala (författare)
  • Scheinin, HarryTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (författare)
  • Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandTurku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (creator_code:org_t)

Sammanhörande titlar

  • Ingår i:Journal of Neuroscience: The Society for Neuroscience41:8, s. 1769-17780270-64741529-2401

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