Lithium Niobate : The Silicon of Photonics!

• Lithium Niobate and its isomorphs (e.g. LiTaO3) is an artificial ferroelectric crystal belonging to the 3 m crystallografic group [1]. It is characterised by large pyroelectric, piezoelectric, acusto-optic, nonlinear and electro-optic coefficients features and is one of the key materials for the fabrication of integrated optical devices [2]. LiNbO3 is one of the most versatile and widely used material in photonics, with a broad range of applications ranging from acoustic-wave transducers and filters in mobile telephones, to optical modulators and wavelength converters in fibre telecommunication systems, to name just a few. Recent advances in linear and nonlinear microstructuring technologies on the LiNbO3 material platform, involving domain engineering by electric field poling techniques as well as ion-exchange processes and etching techniques, enable the fabrication of both linear and nonlinear photonic crystals as showed in Fig. 42.1.

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