Overview of the FTU results

• Spontaneous increases in plasma density, up to similar to 1.6 times the Greenwald value, are observed in FTU with lithized walls. These plasmas are characterized by profile peaking up to the highest obtained densities. The transport analysis of these discharges shows a 20% enhancement of the energy confinement time, with respect to the ITER97 L-mode scaling, correlated with a threshold in the peaking factor. It has been found that 0.4 MW of ECRH power, coupled at q = 2 surface, are sufficient to avoid disruptions in 0.5 MA discharges. Direct heating of magnetic islands produced by MHD modes determines current quench delay or avoidance. Supra-thermal electrons generated by 0.5 MW of lower hybrid power are sufficient to trigger precursors of the electron-fishbone instability. Evidence of spatial redistribution of fast electrons, on the similar to 100 mu s typical mode timescale, is shown by the fast electrons bremsstrahlung diagnostic. From the presence of new magnetic island induced accumulation points in the continuous spectrum of the shear Alfven wave spectrum, the existence of new magnetic island induced Alfven eigenmodes (MiAE) is suggested. Due to the frequency dependence on the magnetic island size, the feasibility of utilizing MiAE continuum effects as a novel magnetic island diagnostic is also discussed. Langmuir probes have been used on FTU to identify hypervelocity (10 km s(-1)), micrometre size, dust grains. The Thomson scattering diagnostic was also used to characterize the dust grains, present in the FTU vacuum chamber, following a disruption. Analysis of the broad emitted light spectrum was carried out and a model taking into account the particle vaporization is compared with the data. A new oblique ECE diagnostic has been installed and the first results, both in the presence of lower hybrid or electron cyclotron waves, are being compared with code predictions. A time-of-flight refractometer at 60 GHz, which could be a good candidate for the ITER density feedback control system, has also been tested.

Nyckelord

lithium limiter

plasmas

tokamak

mode

confinement

spectrum

upgrade

waves

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