Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention

• During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a need for evaluation of already available drugs for treatment of the disease is crucial. Hereby, based on literature review from the current pandemic and previous outbreaks with corona viruses we analyze the impact of the virus infection on cell stress responses and redox balance. High levels of mortality are noticed in elderly individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 and during the previous SARS-CoV1 outbreak. Elderly individuals maintain a chronic low level of inflammation which is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, a condition that increases the severity of viral infections in this population. Coronavirus infections can lead to alterations of redox balance in infected cells through modulation of NAD + biosynthesis, PARP function along with altering proteasome and mitochondrial function in the cell thereby leading to enhanced cell stress responses which further exacerbate inflammation. ROS production can increase IL-6 production and lipid peroxidation resulting in cell damage. Therefore, early treatment with anti-oxidants such as NAC during COVID-19 can be a way to bypass the excessive inflammation and cell damage that lead to severe infection, thus early NAC as intervention should be evaluated in a clinical trial setting. 

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Farmaceutiska vetenskaper (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Pharmaceutical Sciences (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Antioxidants

Article

C reactive protein

COVID-19

N-acetylcysteine

Oxidative stress

SARS-CoV2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

acetylcysteine

aging

angiotensin converting enzyme 2

cell stress

coronavirus disease 2019

cryopyrin

cytokine production

cytokine release

group 2d secretory phospholipase a2

homeostasis

human

immune response

inflammasome

innate immunity

interferon

interleukin 6

mortality

neutrophil cytosol factor 1

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide adenosine diphos

nonhuman

oxidation reduction reaction

oxidative phosphorylation

peptides and proteins

priority journal

proteasome

protein expression

reactive oxygen metabolite

reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphat

toll like receptor 4

tryptophan 2

3 dioxygenase

tumor necrosis factor

unclassified drug

viremia

Biology with specialization in Molecular Immunology

Infektionssjukdomar

Immunologi

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)