A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2 : Seasonality, environmental fate, transport, inactivation, and antiviral drug resistance

• In this review, we present the environmental perspectives of the viruses and antiviral drugs related to SARS-CoV-2. The present review paper discusses occurrence, fate, transport, susceptibility, and inactivation mechanisms of viruses in the environment as well as environmental occurrence and fate of antiviral drugs, and prospects (prevalence and occurrence) of antiviral drug resistance (both antiviral drug resistant viruses and antiviral resistance in the human). During winter, the number of viral disease cases and environmental occurrence of antiviral drug surge due to various biotic and abiotic factors such as transmission pathways, human behaviour, susceptibility, and immunity as well as cold climatic conditions. Adsorption and persistence critically determine the fate and transport of viruses in the environment. Inactivation and disinfection of virus include UV, alcohol, and other chemical-base methods but the susceptibility of virus against these methods varies. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reserviors of antiviral drugs and their metabolites and transformation products. Ecotoxicity of antiviral drug residues against aquatic organisms have been reported, however more threatening is the development of antiviral resistance, both in humans and in wild animal reservoirs. In particular, emergence of antiviral drug-resistant viruses via exposure of wild animals to high loads of antiviral residues during the current pandemic needs further evaluation.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Antiviral drugs

Coronavirs

COVID-19

Ecotoxicity

Persistance

resistance

Virus

Water

Aquatic organisms

Behavioral research

Binary alloys

Diseases

Metabolites

Sewage treatment plants

Uranium alloys

Wastewater treatment

Antiviral resistance

Climatic conditions

Environmental fate

Environmental occurrence

Fate and transport

Inactivation mechanisms

Transformation products

Wastewater treatment plants

Viruses

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)