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Plasma-neutral interactions in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere : The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions

Sarris, Theodoros (author)
Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Xanthi, Greece.
Palmroth, Minna (author)
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.;Finnish Meteorol Inst, Space & Earth Observat Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.
Aikio, Anita (author)
Univ Oulu, Space Phys & Astron Res Unit, Oulu, Finland.
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Buchert, Stephan Christoph (author)
Uppsala universitet,Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen
Clemmons, James (author)
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys & Astron, Durham, NH USA.
Clilverd, Mark (author)
British Antarctic Survey UKRI NERC, Cambridge, England. Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, CNES, Toulouse, France.
Dandouras, Iannis (author)
British Antarctic Survey UKRI NERC, Cambridge, England. Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, CNES, Toulouse, France.
Doornbos, Eelco (author)
Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
Goodwin, Lindsay Victoria (author)
New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ USA.
Grandin, Maxime (author)
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
Heelis, Roderick (author)
Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX USA.
Ivchenko, Nickolay, 1976- (author)
KTH,Rymd- och plasmafysik,Royal Inst Technol KTH, Div Space & Plasma Phys, Stockholm, Sweden.
Moretto-Jorgensen, Therese (author)
NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
Kervalishvili, Guram (author)
GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.
Knudsen, David (author)
Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada.;Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA.
Liu, Han-Li (author)
Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Lu, Gang (author)
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA.
Malaspina, David M. (author)
Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO USA.
Marghitu, Octav (author)
Inst Space Sci, Bucharest, Romania.
Maute, Astrid (author)
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA.
Miloch, Wojciech J. (author)
Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway.
Olsen, Nils (author)
Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Pfaff, Robert (author)
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA.
Stolle, Claudia (author)
Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany.
Talaat, Elsayed (author)
NOAA, Washington, DC USA.
Thayer, Jeffrey (author)
Univ Colorado, Space Weather Technol & Educ Ctr SWx TREC, Res, Boulder, CO USA.
Tourgaidis, Stelios (author)
Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Xanthi, Greece.
Verronen, Pekka T. (author)
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Space & Earth Observat Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.
Yamauchi, Masatoshi (author)
Univ Colorado, Space Weather Technol & Educ Ctr SWx TREC, Res, Boulder, CO USA.;Swedish Inst Space Phys IRF, Kiruna, Sweden.
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Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Xanthi, Greece Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.;Finnish Meteorol Inst, Space & Earth Observat Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. (creator_code:org_t)
2023-01-30
2023
English.
In: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-987X. ; 9
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • The lower thermosphere-ionosphere (LTI) is a key transition region between Earth's atmosphere and space. Interactions between ions and neutrals maximize within the LTI and in particular at altitudes from 100 to 200 km, which is the least visited region of the near-Earth environment. The lack of in situ co-temporal and co-spatial measurements of all relevant parameters and their elusiveness to most remote-sensing methods means that the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents remain poorly characterized to this date. This lack of measurements, together with the ambiguity in the quantification of key processes in the 100-200 km altitude range affect current modeling efforts to expand atmospheric models upward to include the LTI and limit current space weather prediction capabilities. We present focused questions in the LTI that are related to the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents. These questions concern core physical processes that govern the energetics, dynamics, and chemistry of the LTI and need to be addressed as fundamental and long-standing questions in this critically unexplored boundary region. We also outline the range of in situ measurements that are needed to unambiguously quantify key LTI processes within this region, and present elements of an in situ concept based on past proposed mission concepts.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics (hsv//eng)

Keyword

lower thermosphere ionosphere
plasma neutral interactions
in situ measurements
decadal survey
atmosphere space transition region
altitudes below 200 km
LTi
ion neutral coupling

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