Effect of Molecular Organization on the Properties of Fractionated Lignin-Based Thiol-Ene Thermoset Materials

• In this study, the combination of sequential solvent fractionation of technical Kraft lignin were followed by allylation of most OH functionalities to give highly functional thermoset resins. All lignin fractions were highly functionalized on the phenolic (≥95%) and carboxylic acid OH (≥85%), and to a significant extent on the aliphatic OH moieties (between 43 and 75%). The resins were subsequently cross-linked using thiol-ene chemistry. The high amount of allyl functionalities resulted in a high cross-link density. DMA measurements showed that thioether content dominates the performance of these thermosets with a glass transition temperature (Tg) between 73 and 99 °C and with a storage modulus between 1.9 and 3.8 GPa for all thermosets. The lignin fractions and lignin-based thermosets morphology, at nanoscale, was studied by wide angle X-ray scattering measurements (WAXS). Two π-π stacking interactions were observed: sandwich (≈4.1–4.7 Å) and T-shaped (≈5.5–7.2 Å). The introduction of allyl functionalities weakens the T-shaped π-π stacking interactions. A new signal corresponding to a distance of ≈3.5 Å was observed in lignin-based thermosets, which was attributed to a thioether organized structure. At the same time, a lignin superstructure, was observed with a distance/size corresponding to 7.9-17.5 Å in all samples.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Organisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Organic Chemistry (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Polymerkemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Polymer Chemistry (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Kemiteknik -- Polymerteknologi (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Chemical Engineering -- Polymer Technologies (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Materialteknik -- Pappers-, massa- och fiberteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Materials Engineering -- Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Softwood lignin

solvent fractionation

allylation

thiol-ene thermosets

thioether linkage

wide-angle X-ray scattering

π-π stacking interaction

superstructures

Kemi

Chemistry

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