The steps needed to perform acceleration and turning at different approach speeds

• The aims of the study were to examine: how many and which steps are needed to initiate and complete accelerations and turnings at different angles at different approach speeds; and how an intended turning angle and approach speed influence the magnitude of the actual turning angle in each step. Eight soccer players participated in the study. They performed acceleration and turnings: 1) from a standstill; 2) while already jogging; and 3) while already running on an outdoor soccer field. The speeds and angles were calculated from the data obtained from the high-end Global Navigation Satellite System. The high correlation between the intended turning angle and actual turning angle indicated the major turning steps during a turn. The intended turning angle revealed a large effect on the magnitude of the turning angle during the side-step (r = 0.995, p < 0.01) and the following step (r = 0.950, p < 0.01) for acceleration and turning from a standstill, and during the first two steps following the side-step for starts made while already jogging (r= 0.919, p < 0.01; r = 0.952, p < 0.01) and running (r = 0.897, p < 0.01; r = 0.881, p < 0.01). Further, a major part of the turning began earlier at a lower approach speed, which allowed the turning to be more quickly completed. In conclusion, the effect of acceleration with turning on the turning angle could already be seen two steps before and up to two steps after the major turning steps during a turn.

• Cilji raziskave so bili raziskati: 1) koliko korakov je potrebnih za začetek in zaključek pospeševanja in zavijanja v različne smeri iz različnih začetnih hitrosti in 2) kako sprememba smeri za nameravan kot in začetna hitrost vplivata na velikost dejanske spremembe smeri v posameznem koraku. V raziskavi je sodelovalo osem nogometašev. Iz mirovanja, počasnega teka in srednje hitrega teka so pospeševali in zavijali na nogometnem igrišču z naravno travo. Hitrosti in koti so bili izračunani s pomočjo tehnično dovršenega globalnega navigacijskega satelitskega sistema. Velika povezanost med nameravano spremembo smeri gibanja in dejansko spremembo smeri gibanja je pokazala na najbolj pomembne korake med zavijanjem. Nameravana sprememba smeri gibanja je vplivala na velikost spremembe smeri med korakom v stran (r = 0.995, p < 0.01) in med sledečim korakom (r = 0.950, p < 0.01) pri pospeševanju in zavijanju iz mirovanja in med prvima dvema korakoma, ki sledita koraku v stran pri začetkih iz počasnega teka (r= 0.919, p < 0.01; r = 0.952, p < 0.01) in srednje hitrega teka (r = 0.897, p < 0.01; r = 0.881, p < 0.01). Poleg tega se je začel glavni del zavijanja prej pri manjših začetnih hitrostih, kar je prispevalo k hitrejšemu zaključku zavijanja. Glede na dobljene rezultate lahko zaključimo, da so se učinki pospeševanja in zavijanja pokazali v spremembi smeri gibanja dva koraka pred in dva koraka po najbolj pomembnih korakih. 

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Hälsovetenskap -- Idrottsvetenskap (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Health Sciences -- Sport and Fitness Sciences (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

angle

GNSS

GPS

kinematics

soccer

GNSS

GPS

kinematika

kot

nogomet

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