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The European carbon...
The European carbon balance. Part 4: integration of carbon and other trace-gas fluxes
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- Schulze, E D (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Ciais, P (author)
- CEA, CNRS
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- Luyssaert, S (author)
- CEA, CNRS
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- Schrumpf, M (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Janssens, I A (author)
- University of Antwerp
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- Thiruchittampalam, B (author)
- University of Stuttgart
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- Theloke, J (author)
- University of Stuttgart
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- Saurat, M (author)
- Wuppertal Institute
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- Bringezu, S (author)
- Wuppertal Institute
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- Lelieveld, J (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Lohila, A (author)
- Finnish Meteorolical Institute
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- Rebmann, C (author)
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
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- Jung, M (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Bastviken, David (author)
- Linköpings universitet,Tema vatten i natur och samhälle,Filosofiska fakulteten
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- Abril, G (author)
- University of Bordeaux
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- Grassi, G (author)
- European Commission
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- Leip, A (author)
- European Commission
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- Freibauer, A (author)
- Thuenen Institute
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- Kutsch, W (author)
- Thuenen Institute
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- Don, A (author)
- Thuenen Institute
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- Nieschulze, J (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Boerner, A (author)
- Max Planck Institute
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- Gash, J H (author)
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford,
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- Dolman, A J (author)
- Vrije University Amsterdam
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2010
- 2010
- English.
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In: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 16:5, s. 1451-1469
- Related links:
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https://hal.archives...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
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- Overviewing the European carbon (C), greenhouse gas (GHG), and non-GHG fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) is about 9.3 Pg yr-1, and fossil fuel imports are 1.6 Pg yr-1. GPP is about 1.25% of solar radiation, containing about 360 x 1018 J energy - five times the energy content of annual fossil fuel use. Net primary production (NPP) is 50%, terrestrial net biome productivity, NBP, 3%, and the net GHG balance, NGB, 0.3% of GPP. Human harvest uses 20% of NPP or 10% of GPP, or alternatively 1 parts per thousand of solar radiation after accounting for the inherent cost of agriculture and forestry, for production of pesticides and fertilizer, the return of organic fertilizer, and for the C equivalent cost of GHG emissions. C equivalents are defined on a global warming potential with a 100-year time horizon. The equivalent of about 2.4% of the mineral fertilizer input is emitted as N2O. Agricultural emissions to the atmosphere are about 40% of total methane, 60% of total NO-N, 70% of total N2O-N, and 95% of total NH3-N emissions of Europe. European soils are a net C sink (114 Tg yr-1), but considering the emissions of GHGs, soils are a source of about 26 Tg CO2 C-equivalent yr-1. Forest, grassland and sediment C sinks are offset by GHG emissions from croplands, peatlands and inland waters. Non-GHGs (NH3, NOx) interact significantly with the GHG and the C cycle through ammonium nitrate aerosols and dry deposition. Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) supports about 50% of forest timber growth. Land use change is regionally important. The absolute flux values total about 50 Tg C yr-1. Nevertheless, for the European trace-gas balance, land-use intensity is more important than land-use change. This study shows that emissions of GHGs and non-GHGs significantly distort the C cycle and eliminate apparent C sinks.
Keyword
- agriculture
- carbon cycle
- CH4
- CO2
- Europe
- forestry
- greenhouse gases
- land-use change
- N2O
- NH3
- non-greenhouse gases
- NOx
- O-3
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- for (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Schulze, E D
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Ciais, P
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Luyssaert, S
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Schrumpf, M
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Janssens, I A
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Thiruchittampala ...
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show more...
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Theloke, J
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Saurat, M
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Bringezu, S
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Lelieveld, J
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Lohila, A
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Rebmann, C
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Jung, M
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Bastviken, David
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Abril, G
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Grassi, G
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Leip, A
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Freibauer, A
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Kutsch, W
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Don, A
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Nieschulze, J
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Boerner, A
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Gash, J H
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Dolman, A J
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- Articles in the publication
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GLOBAL CHANGE BI ...
- By the university
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Linköping University